太奇2013年模考英语试卷

1、启用前2013 年入学管理类专业学位联考英语试卷【B5】考生须知1 选择题的须用 2B 铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的无效。2 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的无效。3 交卷时，请配合监考验收，并请监考在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切由考生自负。：听课证号：太奇 2013 年管理类专业学位联考英语（二）测试 B5Section IUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. For each numbered blthe

2、re are four choimarked A,B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 pos)The ideat some groups of people may be moreelligentn others is one of thosehypothesest dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He ist 2bird, a scientist who works inde

3、pendently3 any institution. He helpedpopularize the ideat some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause wereactually infections, which aroused much controversy when it wassuggested. 5he, however, might tremble at the 6of what he is about to do. Together withanother two scientists, he is publ

4、ishing a pr which not only 7t one group ofs brought thishumanity is moreelligentn the others, but explains the prosabout. The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The prois natural selection.sThis group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 pos above the 10 value of100,

5、 and have contributed 11 to theellectual and cultural life of the West, as the12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13hey also suffer moreoftenn most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. Thesefacts, 14 have previously been thought unrelate

6、d. The former has been 15 soleffects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a(an) 17genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggestst theelligence and diseases areimay 18is argument ist the unusual history of these people has 19 to unique evolutionarypreresve resultedhis 20ate of

7、 airs.A selectedA uniqueA ofA subsequentlyA OnlyA thoughtA advisesA progressA attainingA normalA unconsciouslyB preparedB particularB withB presentlyB SoB sightB suggestsB factB scoringB commonB disproportionaB fortunesC obligedD pleasedD rareD againstD layD HenceD riskD objectsD questionD calculati

8、ngD totalD unaccountablyD careersC speC inlC previouslyC EvenC costCC needsC reachingC meanC indefiniCerestsyy12. A miss第 1 页 （共 11 页）英语试卷A affirmA moreoverA given upA assessingA developmentA linkedA limitedA paradoxicalB witnessB thereforeB got overB supervisingB originC observeC howeverC carried o

9、nC administeringC consequenceC wovenC convertedC inevitableD approveD meanwhileD put downD valuingD instrumentD combinedD directedD continuousBegratedB subjectedBpatibleSectioPart AReading ComprehenDirections: Read the following passages.Answer the questions below each passage bychoosing A B C or D.

10、 Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 pos)Text 1An industrial society, espelly one as centralized and concentrated ast of Britain, isheavily dependent on certain essential servi: for instance, electricity supply, water, rail androad transport, and harbors. The area of dependency has widened to i

11、nclude removing rubbish,hospital and ambulanervi, and, as the economy develops, central computer andinformation servias well. If any of these servisystem is in danger.ceases to operate, the whole economicIt is this economicerdependency of the economic system whiakes theer oftrade unionch an importan

12、t ie. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off manycountries economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britahan in some othercountries, in part because the labor force is highlyanized. About 55 percent of Britishworkers belong to unions, compared to under a quarterhe United Ses. F

13、or historicalreasons, Britains unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rathernon an industry-by-industry basis, whiakes a wages policy, democracy in industry and theimprovement of procedure for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.There are considerable strains and tensh

14、e trade union movement, some of themarising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many membersbecause of their industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who shouldrepresent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from generaions,w

15、hibeteansn unions.t different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feelingraditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancingtechnologies, unions can fight for their membersdisappoing jobs to the powhere thers both injobs of other union members are threatened

16、 or destroyed. The pring of newspthe United Ses and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of prers to hold onto their traditional highly-paid jobs.第 2 页 （共 11 页）英语试卷Trade unions have problems ofernal communication just as managers in companies do,problems whiindustries togetherultiply

17、 in very large unions orhose which bring workers in very differento a single generaion. Some trade union offils have to be re-electedregularly; others are elected, or even appoed, for life. Trade union offils have to workwisystem of “shop stewards”any unions, “shop stewards” being workers elected by

18、other workers as their represenives at factory or works level.Why is theTo poerdependence of the UK economy mentioned in paragraph 1?up the importance of the trade unioner.B To outline in brief the great scale of essential service.C To illustrate the dangerhe whole economic system.D To bring out a c

19、entralized and concentrated industrial society.22. Because of their out-of-dateanization some unions find it difficult to.recruit new members to joinremold themselves as industries changeadapt to advancing technologiesbargain for high enough wages23. Disagreements arise betn unions because some of t

20、hem .take over other unions jobstry to win over members of other unionsprotect their own members at the expense of othersDend to represent workers in new tradeanizationsWhat basic problem are we told most trade unions face?They are equal in size of influence.They are lessThey donThey are noterfuln e

21、ver before.ve enough members.anized efficiently.The title which best expresses the idea of the text would be .British Trade Unions and Their DrawbacksA Centralized and Concentrated SocietyC Theer of Trade Unions in BritainD The Structure of British Trade UnionsText 2We have known for a long timet th

22、eanization of anyparticularsociety isinfluenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn betn them. But we haverealized only recentlyt the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, andtdefinitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us,t is, scientifi

23、cdiscoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, eithersolly or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantialprogress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and第 3 页 （共 11 页）英语试卷specific

24、characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these werethought to be “dispute”.We can safely say, wifew minor exceptions,t the definition of the sexes and theirrespective functions remained unchangedhe West from the beginning of the 19th century tothe 1960s. The role d

25、istinction, raised in some cases to the sus ofpromising dualismon a strongly hierarchical m, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification tonature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman borechildren and took care of the home. The man set out

26、 to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war whennesary.The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlaporconfubetn the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was

27、 feltto be against nature, a deviation from the norm.Sex roles were determined according to the “place” appropriate to each. Womens placewas,and foremost,he home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and businessfirms, belonged to men. This sex-based diviof the world (private and public) gav

28、e rise to astrict dichotomy betn the attitudes, which conferred on each its spel identity. The woman,sequestered at home, “cared, nurtured and conserved”. To do this, she had no need to be daring,ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men,was caught up

29、 every dayhe struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristicswhich were thought natural in a man.Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons forng so have changedconsiderably. Besides the traditional finanl incentives, we find ambition andallfulfillment motivating thosehe mos

30、t favorable circumstan, and the wish to have a solife and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, workis invariably connected with the desire for independence.26. It is only in recent yearst we have recognizedt .Athere is almost no clue to the identity of

31、 both sexesBthe role distinction betn different sexes is conspicuousthe different definitions of sexes bears on the development of culturethe progress of civilization grey influenthe role definitions of sexes27. From paragraph 1, we can infert .Athe challenge of roles is out of the questionBsol prog

32、ress has been going on for many yearsCideas about the roles of women have been changingDthe expanof scienscarcely remolds the womens roles28. The author beves ApreferableBprevalentt sex discriminationhe West before the 1960s was .第 4 页 （共 11 页）英语试卷Cpresumable Dprecedent29. According to the fourth pa

33、ragraph, the author seems to think Afemale passivity is naturalBmen and women are physically identical Cmen are born competitive and aggressiveDsome different sex identity is acquiredt .30. According to the author, which of the following is the most important reason for women to go to work?AWish to

34、claim their rights and freedom.BAmbition and self-fulfillment.CFinanl incentives.DDesire for a sol life.Text 3n two decades, U.S. courts have been limiting affirmative-action programs inFor moreuniversities and other areas. The legal rationale ist ral preferenare unconstitutional,even thoseended to

35、compensate for racism orolerance. For many colleges, this meansstudents can be admitted only on merit, not on their race or ethnicity. Is been a divisiveie across the U.S., as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirmative-actionforindeclinesinority admiss. Meanwhile, activists continue to ba

36、ttle race preferencourts from Michigan to North Carolina.Now, chief executives of about two dozen companies have decided to pge headothis politically unsettled debate. They, together with 36 universities and 7 non-profitableanizations, formed a forumt set forn action plan essentially designed to hel

37、p collegescircumvent court-imed restrictions on affirmative action. The CEOs motive：“Our audienceis growing more diverse, so the communities we serve benefit if our employees are rally andethnically diverse as well”, says one CEO of a companyt owns nineevisions.Among the steps the forum is pushing:

38、finding creative yet legal ways to boost minorityenrollment through new admiss policies; promoting admiss decist look at moren test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and finanlaid. And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the gr

39、oup says itwill give legal assistance to collegeed for trying them. “Diversity diminished by the courtmust be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways,” says, a forum member.One of the more controversial methods advocated is the so-called 10% rule. The idea is for public universitieswhich educate

40、 three-quarters of all U.S. undergraduatesto admitstudents who arehe top 10% of their high school graduating class.ng so allows collegesto take minorities who excel iunder the current sewide rage urban schools, even if they wouldning many universities use.ve made the cut第 5 页 （共 11 页）英语试卷31. U.S. co

41、urt restrictions on affirmative action signifies Aminorities no longer hold the once favored susB the quality of American colleges has improvedt.C ral preferenhas replaced ral prejudiceDthe minority is on an equal footing with the majority32. Whas been a divisive ie across the United Ses？A Whether a

42、ffirmative action should continue to exist.B Whether this law is helminorities or the white majority.C Whether racism exists in American college admis.D Whether raloleranhould be punished.CEOs of big companies decided to help colleges enroll more minority students because they.think it wrong to depr

43、ive the minorities of their rights to receive educationwant to conserve the fine characteristics of American nationC want a workforcet reflects the diversity of their customersD think it is their duty to help develop education of the country34. The major tactic the forum uses is to.A battle the ral

44、preferenin courtsupport colleges involved in lawsuits of racismstrive to settle this political debate nationwidefind legally viable ways to ensure minority admis35. If the 10% rule is appd, .sthe best white high school students can geto collegespublic universities can get excellent studentsstudents

45、from poor rural famis can go to collegesD good minority students can geto public universitiesText 4Picture-taking is a technique both for reflecting the objective world and for expressing thesingular self. Photographs dct objective realitiest already exist, though only the cameracan disclose them. A

46、nd they ditself through the cameras cropct an individual photographers temperament, discoveringof reality.t is, photography has two directly opiteideals:he, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer whocounts for little; buthe second, photography is the instrument of fea

47、rleess, questingsubjectivity and the photographer is all.Theseing ideals arise from uneasiness on the part of both photographers andviewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in “taking” a picture. Accordingly,the ideal of a photographer as observer is attracting because it implicitly de

48、niestpicture-taking is an aggressive act. The ie, of course, is not so clear-cut. What photographersdo cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply, and essentially, benevolent. As a第 6 页 （共 11 页）英语试卷consequence, one ideal of picture-taking or the other is always being rediscovered and c

49、hioned.An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence towardphotographys means. Whatever are the claimst photography might make to be a form ofal expresjust like paing, its originality is closely linked to theer of a machine.The steady growth of theseers has ma

50、desible the extraordinary informativeness andimaginative formal beauty of many photographs, like Harold Edgertons high-speedphotographs of a bullet hitting itsor of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. But ascamerase more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted todisarm th

51、emselves or to suggestt they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselvesto the limit imed by pre-modern camera technology because a cruder, less high-eredmachine is thought to give moreeresting or emotive results, to leave more room for creativeaccident. For exle, is been virtually a poof

52、honor for many photographers, includingWalker Evans and Cartier Bresson, to refuse to use modern equipment. These photographershave come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of “fast seeing”. Cartier Bresson,in fact, claimst the modern camera may see too fast.This ambivalence toward pho

53、tographic means determines trendsaste. The cult of thefuture (oster and faster seeing) alternates over time with the wish to return to a purastwhen images had a handmade quality. This longing for some primitive se of thephotographic entrise is currently widespread and unders the present-day enthusia

54、sm fordaguerreotypes and the work of fotten nineteenth-century provinl photographers.Photographers and viewers of photographs, it seems, need periodically to resist their ownknowingness.36.The two directly opite ideals of photography diffrimarily in .Aemphasist each plaon the emotional impact of the

55、 finished productdegree of technical knowledget each requires of the photographerway in which each defines the role of the photographerDextent of theert each requires of the photographers equipment37.According to paragraph 2, photographys two ideals can be described as . Asteadily growingBcyclically

56、 recurring Ccontinuously altering Dspontaneously occurringThe text ses all of the following about photographs EXCEPT. Athey can display a cropped realityBthey can convey information38.Cthey can dct the photographers temperamentDthey can change the viewers sensibilitiesThe author mentions the work of

57、 Harold Edgerton in order to illustrate .39.第 7 页 （共 11 页）英语试卷Athe relationship betn photographic originality and technologyBhow the content of photographs has changed dramaticallyCthe popularity of high-speed photographyhe twentieth centuryDa controlled ambivalence can produce outstanding pictures4

58、0. The author is primarily concerned with . Adescribing how photographers temperaments are reflectedheir workBestablishing new technical standards for contemporary photographyCyzing the influence of photographic ideals on picture-takingDexplaining how the technical limiions affect photographers work

59、Part BDirections: Reading the following text and answer questions by finding a subtitle each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra itemsubtitles.forhe sAyzing your own tasteB Being cautious when experimentingC Finding a mto followD Getting the final look absoluy rightE Learning to b

60、e realisticF Making regular conscious choiG Matching your shWhen we meet people for thetime, we often make decis about thembasedentirely on how they look. And, of course its somethingt works both ways, for we too arebeing judged on our appearance. When we look good, we feel good, whichurn leads to a