基础物理词汇(英文版)

1、物理力 force重力gravity摩擦力friction拉力traction质量mass惯量Interia加速度acceleration力矩torque静止at rest相对relative能量energy动能kenetic energy势能potential energy功 work动量momentum角动量angular momentum能量守恒energy conservation保守力conserved force振动vibration振幅amplitude波 wave驻波standing wave震荡oscillation相干波coherent wave干涉interference

2、衍射diffraction轨道obital速度velocity速率speed大小magnatitude方向direction水平horizental竖直vertical相互垂直perpendicular坐标coordinate直角坐标系cersian coordinate system极坐标系polar coordinate system弹簧spring球体sphere环 loop盘型disc圆柱形cylinder频率 frequency电学磁学：周期 period电子 electron电磁波 electomagnetic wave电荷 charge平面 plane电流 current电场 e

3、lectric field热学：电通量 electric flux热平衡 thermal equilibrium电势 electirc potential理想气体 ideal gas导体 conductor热能 thermal energy电介质 dieletric热量 heat绝缘体 insultalor热容 heat capacity电阻 resistor外界 surrounding电阻率 resistivity准静态过程 quasi-static process电容 capacitor无穷 infinite这几个比较容易搞混我就经常搞混横截面 cross ection匀强电场 unifo

4、rm electric field等体过程 isochoric process分布 ditribution等压过程 isobaric process磁场 magnetic field等温过程 isothermal process磁通量 magnetic flux绝热过程 adiabatic process电感 inductance变压器 transformer循环 cycle光学光 light光程optical path光强度light intensity偏振polarization波长wave length传播propagation量子力学（高中好像讲了一点点）原子atomic光子photo

5、n光电效应photo-electric effect物质波matter wave光谱spectrum激光laser衰减decay辐射radiation械振动mechanical vibration简谐振动simple harmonic oscillation振幅amplitude周期period频率ferquency赫兹hertz单摆simple pendulum受迫振动forced vibration共振resonnance机械波mechanical wave介质medium横波transverse wave纵波longitudinal wave波长wavelength超声波superson

6、ic wave阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant布朗运动Brown mation热运动thermal motion热力学能thermal energy内能 internal energy热力学第一定律first law ofthermodynamics能量守恒定律 law of conservation of元电荷 elementary chargeenergy电荷守恒定律 law of conservation of热力学第二定律 second law ofchargethermodynamics库仑（电荷单位）coulomb电场 electric fileld电场强度 ele

7、ctric field strength各向同性 isotropy电场线 electric potential各向异性 anisotropy电势 electric potential单晶体 single crystal(monocrystal)电势差 /电压 electric potential difference多晶体 ploycrystal伏特 volt表面张力 surface tension电容 capacitance毛细现象 capillarity电容器 capacitor液晶 liquid crystal法拉（电容单位）farad电流 electric current安培（电流单位

8、）ampere电荷 electric charge电阻 resistance电荷量 queantity df electricity欧姆（电阻单位）ohm正电荷 positive charg电动势 electormotive force(e.m.f.)负电荷 negative charg半导体 semiconductor库仑定律 Coulomb law超导体 superconductor静电感应 electrostatic induction感应电荷inducde charge磁性 magnetism电感 inductance磁场 magnetic field变压器 transformer磁感

9、线 magnetic induction line电能 electric energy安培定则 Ampere rule电磁场 electromagnetic field安培力 Ampere force电磁波 electromagnetic wave磁感应强度magnetic induction雷达 radar左手定则 left-hand rule洛伦兹力 Lorentz force磁通量 magnetic flux光线 light ray电磁感应 elctromagnetic induction平行光 parallel light感应电流 induction current实象 real im

10、age感应电动势induction electromotive force虚象 virtual image电磁感应定律law of electromagnetic折射 refactioninduction入射角 incident angle右手定则 right-hand rule反射角 reflection angle自感 self-induction折射角 diffraction angle折射率 diffraction index全反射 total reflection交流 alternating current临界角 critical angle瞬时值 instantaneous val

11、ue光导纤维 optical fiber峰值 peak value棱镜 prism有效值 effective value色散 dispersion光谱spectrum能级 energy level波的衍射 diffraction of wave基态 ground state波的干涉 interference of waves激发态 excited state红外线 infrared ray跃迁 transition紫外线 ultraviolet ray放射性 radioactivityX 射线 X-ray 射线 ray电磁波谱 electromagnetic effect 射线 ray光电效应 photoelectric effect 射线 ray光子 photon衰变 decay普朗克常数Planck constant核反应 nuclear reaction波粒二象性wave-particle duality核能 nuclear energy概率波 probability wave质能方程 mass-energy