八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳

1、 八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳M1重要语法：感官性系统词：feel（摸起来）、bok（看起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝起来）sound（听起来）,后接形容词作表语，不能接副词。构成疑问句或否定句要借助助动词。Thesilkdressfeelssoft.TheflowersOokverybeautiful.Doesitsmellnice?Thesongdoesntsoundnoisy.Whatadelicioussmell!多么香啊！对名词或名词短语感叹用what感叹句结构：What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+（主语+谓语）！aWhataninterestingbookiti

2、s!.What+形容词+不可数名词/复数名词+（主语+谓语）！Whatbadweatheritistoday!Whatgoodstudentstheyare!对形容词、副词或动词感叹用howHow+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！Howfastheisrunning!Howdeliciousitsmells!HowImissthedayswespenttogether!我多么怀念我们一起度过的日子！mafrai句+子:恐怕Imafrahfehasnotimetoday.bedone做好了Isyourhomeworkdone?你的作业做好了吗?Dinnerisdone!晚饭做好了！haveatry试一

3、试；尝一尝haveasweettooth喜好甜食thanksfor=thankyoufo叶名词/动词-ing。因而感谢你。Thanksforyourhelp.=Thanksforhelpingme.Thankyouforinvitingmetoyourparty.hearfrom=get/receiVetterfrom收到的来信cantwaittosth.迫不及待去做某事Icantwaittoseeyou.人+spend+时间（in）doingsth.。=Ittakes+人+时间+todosth.某人花费多少时间做某事Hespenttwodays（in）readingthenovel.=ltt

4、ookhimtwodaystoreadthenovel.too也（置于句末，前加逗号）also也（置于居中be或情态动词之后）aswell也（置于句末，前不加逗号）beproudof以为豪Myparentsareproudofme.Howdoyoufeelabout+名词/动词-ing?=Whatdoyouthinkof+名词/动词-ing?你觉得怎么样Howdoyoufeelaboutthefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?HowdoyoufeelaboutcomingtoChina?=WhatdoyouthinkofcomingtoChina?beafraidof

5、+名词/动词-ing:害怕amafaidofdog/goingoutatnight.beafraidofdoingsth.=beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事Sheisafraidofsleepingaloneatnight.=Sheisafraidtosieepaloneatnight.Whatdoessb.boklike?某人长得怎么样（问外表）J答：short/tall/young/pretty丨Whatissblike?某人性格怎么样？（问性格或品质）答:quiet/nice/strict/kind.-WhatdoesyourEnglishteacherlooklike?-He

6、istallwithpairofglasses.-WhatisyourEnglishteacherlike?-Heisstrictbutfriendly.M2重要语法：现在完成时（一）:描述过去已经、曾经或还没有做过某事的经历或体验，对现在造成的影响。结构：have/has+动词过去分词（否定）havent/hasn动词过去分词含义：已经/曾经做过还没有做过标志词：already、ever、never、yet、just等。Ihaveseenthemovie.我已经看过这部电影。（我现在了解该电影了。）Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.他已经完成了作业。（他可以交作

7、业了）Wehaventhaddinnerye我们还没有吃晚饭。（我们现在饿）Haveyoueverenteredaspeakingcompetition?你曾经参加过演讲比赛吗？（变一般疑问句把have/has提到句首）Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.enteracompetition=takepartinacompetition参加竞赛helpsb.（to）dosth.帮助某人做某事HeoftenhelpsmelearnEnglish./affordsth.买得起某物leantaffordthenewbike.Laffordtodosth.付得起钱去做某事=haveenoughm

8、oneytobuysth.Shecantaffordtogotosch她没钱去上学。stoptodosth.=stopandthendosth.停下来去做某事一stopdoingsth.停止做某事Imtired.Letsstoptoh我累了es让我们停下来休息一下吧！Itstimeforclassnow.Let上课s时间到了ng辻我们不要讲话了！makeup编写makeupastory编故事makeit/themup（代词要放中间）nvitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事fifteen-year-old十五岁的（复合形容词中的名词不能加s作定语）fifteenyearsold十五岁（短语

9、，不能作定语，常作表语）Heisfifteenyearsold.=Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.atthemoment=now此刻（常用于现在进行时中）-have/hasbeento+某地：曾经去过某地（人已经回来，常与次数连用）:have/hasgoneto+某地：到某地去了（人未回，不能与次数连用）have/hasbeenin+某地：在某地呆/逗留（常与for+时间段连用）IhavebeentoHongKongtwiceHeisntherenow.HehasgonetotheUSA.WehavebeeninChinafor20years.bedifferentfrom与

10、不同findit+形容词+todosth.发现做某事是的（it是形式宾语，无义，替代后面不定式）Ifinditeasytolearnmaths.我发现学数学很容易。TonyfindsithardtospeakChinese.托尼发现说汉语很难。sofar到目前为止（常用于现在完成时）SofarIhaveIearnt3,000Englishwords.allovertheworld=aroundtheworld全世界countdown倒数M3already已经（常用于现在完成时肯定句句中或句末）Ihavealreadyknownhimyet尚，还（常用于现在完成时否定句或疑问句句末）Hasita

11、rrivedyet？just刚刚（常用于现在完成时肯定句句中）Theyhavejustarrived.Whatareyourupto?=Whatareyoudoing?你在忙什么？mnotsdrnawtomakeit.二ImnotshowIcanmakeit.Thatswl那就是.的原因了。inorderto+动词原形：为了Heworkssohardinordertogetthebestscore.Isothat+句子二inorderthat+句子：为了Heworkssohardsothat（inorderthat）hecangetthebestscore.jthereis（现在完成时形式）t

12、herehasbeen已经有/存在thereare（现在完成时形式）therehavebeen已经有/存在Therehavebeenmanybuildingsinourvillagesince15yearsago.goaround围绕转|noneof+名词复数/宾格+动词（单/复形）：没有一个（既指人也指物）Inoone+动词（单）=nobody（仅指人，不与of连用，常用于who提出的问题）Noneofthestudentsknow（s）theanwer.没有一个学生知道答案。-Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?-None.个也没有（强调数量）Nooneknows

13、theanswer.-Whosintheclassroom?。one.没有人（强调有没有人）becalled被称为10.asmallpartof的一小部分municatewith与联系12.finishdoingsth.完成做某事writeback回信M4重要语法：现在完成时（二）：描述一个动作或状态从过去持续到现在乃至将来有多长时间。常与“for+寸间段/since+时间点”sofar、recently（最近）、inthelast10years（最近十年）等表示持续的时间连用，也用于howlong问句中。IhavelearntEnglishfor6yearsHehaslivedheresin

14、cehewasbornChinahaschangedalotinthelast30yearsHowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?特别注意：在现在完成时（二）中，与“for+寸间段/since+时间点”或howlong问句中，动词必须为可延续性动词（learn,stay,live），不能为短暂性动词（buy,borrow,die若为短暂性动词则要转换成延续性动词或短语。女口：buy-haveborrowkeep/haveleavebeawaydiebedeadcome/go/reachbeinjointhepartybeintheparty错误：Ihaveboughttheb

15、ikefor3days.（buy为短暂性动词，不能与for+时间段连用）正确：Ihavehad/keptthebikefor3days.（将buy改为延续性动词have（问）-Howlong多久.?（答）For+时间段/since+时间点。Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?你这样多久了？Ihavebeenillforaboutthreedays.我生病大约三天了。catchacold感冒haveafever发烧takeonestemperat测r量某人的体温doexercise锻炼fastfood快餐notusually不经常threetimesaday一天三次beharm

16、fulto对有害Playingcomputergamesisharmfultoyoureyes.bydoing通过做.decide（not）todosth.决心（不）做某事inexcellent/badcondition身体状况良好/差ridetowork=gotoworkbybike骑车上班arriveat/in=getto=reach至U达withasmileononesfac带笑脸goforarun去跑步feelawful感到不适allover浑身；遍及too太而不能Theboytooyoungtogotoschool.choosesb.toobsth.选择某人去干某事ontheway在

17、路上M51.Itstime动词）dosth.=ItItstimetdnaveclass.=Itplaygames.=eatdinner.=fight（foughtfoutht）sb.打某人stime名）词）sth.该做某事的时候了。stimeaos./games.dinnerfightwithsb.与某人打架fightfor为而战flythrough飞越climbup爬上Iwanttobesomeonelikehim.我想成为想他那样的人。keepdoingsomething不断做某事keepsb.d）ingsth.让某人一直做某事keepsbfromdoingsth.=stopsb.from

18、doingsth.阻止某人做某事Keeptrying,andyoullsuc（e成功）.不断尝试，你就会成功！cantheipgisth.情不自禁做某事Shecouldnthelpcryinwhensheheardthenews.IcanthelpmissinyouwhenIseethephotos.Thelittleboycanthelpdancingththerockmusic.7.over=morethan超过wintheheartofsb.赢得某人的心Theboywontheheartofthebeautifulgirl.makeaterriblemess弄得一团糟expecttodo

19、sth.期待做某事Iexpecttoseeyousoon.eversince+句子（一般过去时）常用于现在完成时）Whe1980s在二十世纪八十年代in1980在1980年（没有the和s）findreallifehardtounderstand=findithardtounderstandrealhard发现现实生活难以理解find+宾格+形容词+todo=fndit+形容词+todo+宾格：发现做是的aswellas=with/andalso和；以及；也；像一样好HecanspeakEnglishaswe

20、llasFrench他会说英语，也会说法语。TonyaswellashisparentslivesinChinanow.托尼和他的父母现在住在国。（动词要根据就远原则，与aswellas前的主语人称和数一致）IcanspeakEnglishaswellashim.我的英语说得想他一样好。cometolife复活/恢复生气bepopularwithsb.收到某人的欢迎几种时态区别：时态概念标志词一般现在时：经常发生或习惯性地动作般过去式：过去发生的动作或状态谓语动词形式时间动词原形/三单oftenusuallysometimes动词过去式everyday/weekyesterdayagojust

21、now,lastweek/year-现在完成时:r已经或曾经干过某事，对现在的影响have/has+过去分词alreadyyetjustnever.过去发生的动作持续到现在或将来有多久。Lfor+时间段、since+时间点，sofar,rencentlyM6takeup占据（空间/时间）Thedesktookuptoomuchroom.Playingcomputergameshastakenupmostofhistime.从事Hetookupartatschool.他在学校教美术。findsomewheretositdown找地方坐下abitof+不可数名词=alittleofabitoffo

22、od/orangejuiceabitofamess有点舌Labit+形容词/副词=alittleabittired/hungry区别：notabit:一点也不notalittle:很/非常must一定（表推测）Itmustbereallyvaluable.他一定很值钱。as+（形容词/副词）原级+as:像一样Heisastallashisbrother.否定：notasas不如如.Tomisnotastallashisbrother.inone在lif某人）一生中makesb./sth.+动词原形:使某人/某物做某事Donmakemelaugh.Thebossmadetheworkerwork

23、foralongtime.类似：letsb./sth.+动词原形：让某人/某物做某事growasaperson长大成人someothers些另外一些developoneinterest培养某人的兴趣aswellas=besides除了之外，还包括.AswellasTom,hisparentscametotheparty.汤姆和他的父母都来参加了这个聚会。encouragesb.tocbsth.鼓励某人做某事comeout出版；外出；asaresult结果asaresultof由于“:.二becauseofHedidntworkhaas.aresult,hedidntpasstheexam.be

24、interestedin+名词/动词-ing:对感兴趣Iamveryinterestedinmaths.Areyouinterestedindancing?sb.spend+时间+doingsth.某人花费多少时间做某事。=Ittakessb.+时间+todosth.Heusuallyspendslotsoftimeplayingcomputergames.=Itusuallytakeshimlotsoftimetoplaycomputergames.M7preparefor为做准备=getreadyformakealistof列的清单getre把dy准备好4.Itsoundscrazy.这听

25、起来很荒唐。Idontknowhattotake.（简单句=IdontknowhatIshouldtake.（复合句）attheendof在的尽头/结尾Is200dollarsenough?（金钱、时间、距离做主语时，视作单数）50yearsislongtime.100metresisashortdistanee.hadbetter+动词原形：最好做某事Youhadbetterstayhomeatnight.否定：hadbetternot+动词原形：最好不要做某事：Youdbetternotgoutnow.bytheway顺便说一下gocrazy变疯inagroupof20二十人一组offer

26、sb.sth.=offersth.tosb.向某人提供某物Heofferedthepoorlotsoffoodandwater.offertodosth.自愿去做某事Theyofferedtohelpme.learnabout了解atthesametime同时bewelltrained受过良好培训dependon依赖；取决于providesb.sth.提供某人某物=providesb.withsth./providesth.forsb.settests安排考试formclosefriendshipswith与结成亲密的友谊stayintouchwith和保持联系taketripsto至U去旅行

27、atleast至少fillout填写M8重要语法：宾语从句：。本模块重点：由that引导的宾语从句，that无义，可省,后接陈述句作宾语。宾语从句复合句=主句+引导词+宾语从句。Icanhardlybelieve（that）weZ_eTonyguessesthattheparkisverypopular.Linglingsuggeststhattheyspendthedaythere.Linglingdoesntthirtheparkwillbebusy.主句和从句的时态关系：主句：一般现在时从句：需根据实际情况用不同时态Shesays（that）sheworksfromMondaytoFri

28、day.（从句为一般现在时）Shesays（that）shewillleaveamessageonhisdsk.（从句为一般将来时）Mygrandparentsoftentellmetheylivedahardlifeinthepast.（从句为一般过去时）Xiaomingsayshehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.（从句为现在完成时）主句：一般过去时从句：一般过去时/过去时的某种时态Hesaid（that）therewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.（从句用一般过去时）Hesaid（that）hewasgoingtotakecareo

29、fthebaby.（从句用过去将来时）Ourteachertodushehadtaughtherefor20years.（从句用过去完成时）特殊情况：从句描述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间改变而改变的事实时，不管主句为何种时态，从句总是用一般现在时。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.他说光比声音传播得快）Theteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.（客观事实）Shesaid（that）herfatherisJwenty-eightyearsolderthanher.（客观事实）Myfathert

30、oldus（that）nothingis_difficultifweputourheartsintoit.（客观真理）注意：当主句的谓语动词是think或believe，宾语从句要表达否定时，要把从句的否定转移到主句上。IdontthinkheisgoingtohelpyouwithyourEnglish.Wecbntbelievfeatwehavewonthebasketballmatch.hardly几乎不=almostnotHecanhardlybelievetheresult,canhe?（前否后肯）sothat如此以至于Thelittleboyissoyoungthathecantg

31、otoschool.=Thelittleboyistooyoungto_gotoschool.=Thelittleboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.sothat以便；为了=inordertharHegotupearlysothathecouldcatchuptheearlybus.hearsb./sth.+动词原形：听见某人/某物（经常/过去）做hearsb./sth.+动词-ing:听见某人/某物正在做Ioftenhearherplaythepianoinherroom.Iheardherplaythepianoinherroomlastnight.Ihearher

32、playingthepianoinherroomnow.befamousfor因而著名befamousas+职业/身份：作为而出名Thisparkisfamousforitslake.Luxunisfamousas_awriter.allowdoingsth.允许做某事Theydontallowsmokinghereallowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事Hisparentsallowedhimtogooutwithme.allow+that从句：Heallowedthattheywereright.他承认他们是对的Itsbetter（forsb.）otstd.（对某人来说）最好去做某事

33、。Itsbetterforyoutostopsmoking.=Youhadbetterstopsmoking.pointout指出pointat/to指着（近物/远物）atthetopof在的顶部moveabout四处走动promisetodosth.答应做某事Hmisenottodosth.保证不做某事Tmise+that从句：Myparentspromisethattheywillbuymeanewshirt.haveawonderfultime玩得开心magicland仙境squarekilometer平方公里byasmalllake在小湖边wa

34、kesb.up唤醒某人withoutdoing没有做.Wecameoutwithoutmakinganynoise.13.ltisapitythat+从句。真遗憾.Itsapitythatyouhavemissedtheparty.walkdownthepath顺路而下putleavesoffplants从植物扯下叶子thesecondlargest第二大.（the+序数词+最高级：第几最.）fallasleep入睡M9重要语法：if/whether引导的宾语从句复合句，if/whether意为是否”用在将直接引语（说话人说得话）为一般疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语（转述他人的话）的复合句中做引

35、导词，转化后需将一般疑问句变为陈述句，即陈述语序。基本结构：主句+if/whether+宾语从句（用陈述语序）（直接引语）Areyouateacher?”heasks.（间接引语）Heasksif/whetherIamateacher.（直接引语）“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?”theteacheraskedhim.（间接引语）Theteacheraskedif/whetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.间接引语也就是if/whether引导的宾语从句Hewantstoknowifitwillraintomorrow.Idontknowhether

36、heisathomeornot.注：if和whether一般情况下可以互换使用，但如下情况，不能用if,只能用whether:在动词不定式之前只能用whetherIdontknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse（拒绝）.在whetherornot的固定搭配中。Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.在介词后，只能用whether。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether。Whetheritistrueornot,Icanttell.用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如用w

37、hether可避免歧义。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（what/where/when/which/why/how/howmany基本结构：主句+特殊疑问词+宾语从句（用陈述语序）直接引语为特殊疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语复合句时,用原来的特殊疑问词作引导词，但后面需改为陈述句，即陈述语序。（直弓丨）“Whatsyourname?r.”Liasksme.（间弓I）Mr.Liaskswhatmynameis.（直弓丨）“Whydidheaskforhelp?heasked.（间引）Heaskedwhyheaskedforhelp.间引即为特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。Wheredoeshecomefrom

38、?Idontknow（合并句子）Idontknowherehecomesfrom.（合并后，原来的特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，故要改为陈述句，因为它不再是问句了）HowcanIgetthere?Canyoutellme?（合并句子）CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere?（解析同上）注：if/whether和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句复合句，主句和从句的时态与that引导的宾语从句复合句一样，需注意主从句时态的变化。mentionsth.to_sb.向某人提及某事takeamessage（forsb.）:（为某人）捎口信打电话用语：Whoscalling?=Whosthatspd你是

39、哪位？Isthat（speaking）是吗？Thisisspea我是.Could/MayIspeakto我可以和说话吗？haveaproblemwithsb.和某人之间出了问题getseparated分开explainsth.tosb.向某人解析某事Pleaseexplainthemeaningtome.4explain+疑问词+不定式：Couldyouexplainhowtodoitwell?、explain+宾语从句：Couldyouexplainwhathappenedthen?refusetodosth.拒绝做某事Herefusedtohelpme.feel/besureof对有把握regrettodosth.遗憾地（要）做某事（还未做）regretregretted-regretted_Iregrettedsclodinghimtheotherday.我后悔几天前责备过他。regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事（已经做过了）Iregettotellyouthatyouaredismissed.我遗憾地告诉你：你被开除了。bepatientwithsb.对某人耐心introduceAtoB:把A介绍给B（认识）encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事Myparentsalwaysencouragemet