能源统计口袋书2021

1、ContentPageIntroductionivTotal energy supply1Primary energy production.6Electricity.19Refinery output32Total final consumption.36Energy balances.42Energy indicators.56Maps disclaimer and Endnotes.66General notes.68iiiIntroductionThis publication is the fourth in a series of pocketbook compilations o

2、n energy statistics designed to highlight the availability of data on various aspects of energy production, transformation and use and its linkages to other key statistics. Energy is central to the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement on climate change,

3、and sound energy statistics are the basis for the reliable measurement of progress, thereby assisting the formulation of policy measures to achieve international and national sustainable development goals.The information in this publication is primarily based on the energy data collection carried ou

4、t by the Energy Statistics Section of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD). The data are available in the 2018 editions of the Energy Statistics Yearbook, the Energy Balances, and the Electricity Profiles, three annual UNSD publications that present energy data in basic indicator formats, a

5、s well as formats that show a more detailed, yet number-heavy, picture of production, trade, transformation and consumption of energy products in more than 200 countries and territories.The present publication aims at providing additional information by highlighting key indicators and using differen

6、t visualizations to also show developments, dependencies and distributions in a way that standard data tables cannot convey.More information about the data collection process, as well as the three publications underlying the information in this pocketbook, are available at /unsd/energystats.Acknowle

7、dgementsThis publication has been compiled by the Energy Statistics Section of UNSD, which is headed by Mr. Leonardo Souza. The conceptual design of this pocketbook has been carried out by Mr. Souza, Ms. Agnieszka Koscielniak and Ms. Costanza Giovannelli. Ms. Giovannelli took the lead in the graphic

8、 design, supported by Mr. Graham Osborn and Ms. Peng Guo. The energy data used for the pocketbook have been collected and processed by the staff of the Energy Statistics Section.Enquiries, comments and suggestions for improving this publication are welcome and should be addressed to: HYPERLINK mailt

9、o:energy_stat energy_stat.ivTotal energy supplyTotal energy supply per capita, 2018Gigajoules per capitaGigajoules per capita500100-499.950-99.920-49.920No dataSource: United Nations Energy Statistics Database. Please see the disclaimer on page 66.FACTS AND FIGURESWorld total energy supply1 (TES) in

10、creased by 65.6% from 1990 to 2018, reaching594 EJ. This increase was driven by Asia, responsible for 82.1% of the world growth in the period. Chinese TES alone more than quadrupled, accounting for over a fifth of world TES in 2018.The European share of world TES almost halved from 35.2% in 1990 to

11、18.4% in 2018, with an absolute drop of 17.1 EJ. The United States, whose share of world TES dropped by 6.7 percentage points since 1990 to reach 15.7% in 2018, showed an absolute increase in TES of 13.1 EJ during this period.International bunkers were equal to 17.3 EJ in 2018 (accounting for 2.9% o

12、f world TES), virtually doubling from 1990.See notes on pages 66-67.Energy intensity, 2018Gigajoules per thousand international $Gigajoules per thousandinternational $156-14.994-5.993-3.993No dataSource: United Nations Energy Statistics Database. Please see the disclaimer on page 66.Energy supply (t

13、otal, per capita and energy intensity), major countries, 2018Exajoules, gigajoules per capita and gigajoules per thousand international $CountryTES CountryTES per Country capitaEnergy intensityChina129.7Iceland1087.3Trinidad and Tobago19.6United States93.4Qatar650.4Iceland18.5India39.2Trinidad and T

14、obago514.7Curaao14.5Russian Federation33.2Bahrain370.8Mongolia14.3Japan17.9Brunei Darussalam363.6Liberia13.6Germany12.6Curaao356.3Turkmenistan13.4Canada12.4Kuwait352.8Dem. Rep. Congo12.6Brazil12.2Canada335.7Mozambique11.7World593.9World77.8World4.8See notes on pages 66-67.Total energy supply by regi

15、on and source, 2018160140120100806040200AfricaNorthernUnitedAmericaStates (excl. US)Coal Oil Natural GasLatinAsia (excl. China America China)& Carib.Europe OceaniaIntl.bunkersBiofuels and Waste Nuclear Electricity and heatExajoulesTotal energy supply by region and source, 2018ExajoulesRegionCoalOilN

16、atural gasBiofuels and wasteNuclearElectricity and heatTESAfrica33.0Northern America (excl. US)12.5United States13.533.53.493.4Latin America and the Caribbean1.80.43.434.3Asia (excl. China)40.63.14.5158.0China80.83.26.212

17、9.7Europe16.430.337.07.612.45.4109.2Oceania0.30.00.66.6International bunkers0.017.30 +0.00.00.017.3World160.6187.3138.053.029.325.7593.9Total energy supply by region, 1990-20186005004003002001000AfricaUnited States Asia (excl. China) EuropeInternational bunkersNorthern America (excl. US)Lat

18、in America and the Caribbean ChinaOceania100%80%60%40%20%0%19902018Exajoules and percentage19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018Total energy supply by region, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018ExajoulesRegion1990200020102018Africa

19、16.0Northern America (excl. US)8.910.610.912.5United States80.395.392.993.4Latin America and the Caribbean19.625.733.234.3Asia (excl. China)64.098.8133.1158.0China30.442.5101.6129.7Europe126.2106.8112.0109.2Oceania6.6International bunkers8.711.214.917.3World358.6417.3533.3593.9W

20、orld total energy supply by source, 1990-20186005004003002001000Coal Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and Waste Nuclear Electricity and heat100%80%60%40%20%0%1990 2018Exajoules and percentage19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018W

21、orld total energy supply by source, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018ExajoulesSource1990200020102018Coal93.599.4151.5160.6Oil134.3154.9174.0187.3Natural gas68.287.0113.9138.0Biofuels and waste31.536.547.453.0Nuclear21.828.029.829.3Electricity and heat9.311.716.725.7Total358.6417.3533.3593.9Primary energy pr

22、oductionEnergy self-sufficiency3, 2018PercentagePercentage500100-499.970-99.930-69.90-29.90No dataSource: United Nations Energy Statistics Database. Please see the disclaimer on page 66.FACTS AND FIGURESWorld primary energy production almost reached 600 EJ in 2018, a 3.1% increase over 2017 and a 65

23、.6% increase compared to 1990 (which translates into an average compounded yearly growth of 1.8%). Oil, coal and natural gas, in this order, are the largest energy sources, together representing 82.1% of total primary energy production, a combined share that barely changed since 1990. A significant

24、share of 2018 primary energy production occurred in a handful of countries:China and the United States produced more than half of all primary coal (55.9%), with China alone producing 46.6% of the world coal;The United States topped the oil producers in 2018. The three biggest producers of oil (Unite

25、d States, Saudi Arabia, Russian Federation), produced about 40% of all primary oil in 2018;Five natural gas producers (United States, Russian Federation, Iran, Canada and Qatar) produced more than half of all natural gas (55.1%).about 40% of primary oil in 2018;See notes on pages 66-67.Primary energ

26、y production by region and source, 2018180160140120100806040200AfricaNorthernUnitedLatinAsia (excl.ChinaEuropeOceania America StatesAmericaChina)(excl. US)and the CaribbeanCoalOilNatural GasBiofuels and wasteNuclearElectricity and heatExajoulesPrimary energy production by region and source, 2018Exaj

27、oulesRegionCoalOilNatural gasBiofuels and wasteNuclearElectricity and heatTotalAfrica6.60.10.846.8Northern America (excl. US)1.31.11.522.2United States15.428.63.290.9Latin America and the Caribbean2.70.43.438.8Asia (excl. China)32.975.341.615.03.14.4172.3Chin

28、a103.9Europe17.130.734.17.312.45.4106.9Oceania0.30.00.618.2World165.0190.1137.552.429.325.6599.9Total primary energy production by region, 1990 20186005004003002001000AfricaUnited States Asia (excl. China) EuropeNorthern America (excl. US)Latin America and the Caribbean

29、ChinaOceania100%80%60%40%20%0%19902018Exajoules and percentage19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018Total primary energy production by region, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018ExajoulesRegion1990200020102018Africa28.236.647.446.8N

30、orthern America (excl. US)11.615.716.722.2United States69.169.772.390.9Latin America and the Caribbean25.735.441.638.8Asia (excl. China)74.6109.4147.7172.3China32.740.888.6103.9Europe112.995.1102.7106.9Oceania7.410.714.518.2World362.2413.3531.5599.9World primary energy production by source, 1990 201

31、8200180160140120100806040200CoalBiofuels and wasteOilNuclearNatural GasElectricity and heatExajoules19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018World primary energy production by source, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018PercentageSource

32、1990200020102018Coal26.2%23.2%28.9%27.5%Oil37.6%37.5%32.1%31.7%Natural gas19.0%20.9%21.3%22.9%Biofuels and waste8.7%8.8%8.9%8.7%Nuclear6.0%6.8%5.6%4.9%Electricity and heat2.6%2.8%3.1%4.3%Total100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%Primary production of coal, oil, and natural gas, major countries, 2018PercentageInd

33、onesiaCoalOilNatural gas0%20%40%60%80%100%Other countries (97)Russian Fed.USRep.)Iran (IslamicOther countries (98)USRussian ederationFdi ArabiaSauOther countries (76)USChinaPrimary production of coal, oil, and natural gas, major countries, 2018ExajoulesCoalOilNatural gasChina76.9United States28.6Uni

34、ted States30.1United States15.4Saudi Arabia23.9Russian Federation25.0Indonesia14.2Russian Federation23.6Iran (Islamic Rep.)8.0India12.1Canada11.2Canada6.5Australia12.0Iraq9.6Qatar6.2Russian Federation10.6Iran (Islamic Rep.)8.8China5.4South Africa6.1UAE7.9Saudi Arabia4.7Colombia2.3China7.9Norway4.5Ot

35、hers15.4Others68.7Others47.2World165.0World190.1World137.5Primary production of biofuels and waste, nuclear, and electricity and heat,major countries, 2018PercentageNigeria United StatesBiofuels and wasteNuclearElectricity and heat0%20%40%60%80%100%Other countries (202)USChinaBrazilOther countries (

36、28)FranceUnited StatesChinaOther countries (200)IndiaPrimary production of biofuels and waste, nuclear, and electricity and heat,major countries, 2018ExajoulesBiofuels and wasteNuclearElectricity and heatIndia7.7United States9.1China6.3Nigeria4.9France4.5United States3.2United States4.4China3.2Brazi

37、l1.6China4.2Russian Federation2.2Canada1.5Brazil4.0Republic of Korea1.4India0.9Indonesia1.6Canada1.1Russian Federation0.7Ethiopia1.3Ukraine0.9Turkey0.7Germany1.3Germany0.8Germany0.7Others22.9Others6.1Others10.1World52.4World29.3World25.6Primary production of coal by region, 1990 20181601401201008060

38、40200AfricaUnited States Asia (excl. China) EuropeNorthern America (excl. US)Latin America and the Caribbean ChinaOceania100%80%60%40%20%0%1990 2018Exajoules and percentage19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018Primary prod

39、uction of coal by region, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018ExajoulesRegion1990200020102018Africa6.6Northern America (excl. US)1.3United States22.722.522.315.4Latin America and the Caribbean2.7Asia (excl. China)7.111.825.332.9China23.129.569.776.9Europe30.616.515.917.1Oceania4.57.0

40、10.612.1World94.895.8153.8165.0Primary production of coal by region and type of fuel, 2018Africa Northern America (excl. US)United States Latin America and the CaribbeanAsia (excl. China)China Europe Oceania020406080Hard coalBrown coalOil shale / Oil sands and PeatExajoulesPrimary production of coal

41、 by region and type of fuel, 2018ExajoulesRegionHard coalBrown coalOil shale/ PeatTotalAfrica6.60+0+6.6Northern America (excl. US)1.3United States15.4Latin America and the Caribbean2.60.10+2.7Asia (excl. China)30.92.00+32.9China76.90.00.076.9Europe17.1Oceania11.11.00.012.

42、1World149.615.10.4165.0Primary production of oil by region, 1992 2018100%18016014012010080604020080%60%40%20%0%19922018AfricaUnited StatesAsia (excl. Saudi Arabia) EuropeNorthern America (excl. US)Latin America and the Caribbean Saudi ArabiaOceaniaExajoules and percentage1992199319941995199619971998

43、19992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018Primary production of oil by region, 1992, 2000, 2010 and 2018ExajoulesRegion1992200020102018Africa14.216.421.116.9Northern America (excl. US)11.2United States17.815.314.428.6Latin America and the Caribbean17.32

44、2.322.918.9Asia (excl. Saudi Arabia)34.447.254.359.4Saudi Arabia19.718.719.623.9Europe27.528.329.930.7Oceania0.7World136.7155.1170.4190.1Primary production of oil by region and type of fuel, 2018Africa Northern America (excl. US)United States Latin America and the Caribbean Asia (excl. Saud

45、i Arabia)Saudi ArabiaEurope Oceania0102030405060Crude oilNatural gas liquidsOther primaryExajoulesPrimary production of oil by region and type of fuel, 2018ExajoulesRegionCrude oilNatural gas liquidsOther primary oilTotalAfrica216.9Northern America (excl. US)11.2United States23.15

46、.50.028.6Latin America and the Caribbean118.9Asia (excl. Saudi Arabia)459.4Saudi Arabia23.9Europe30.7Oceania0.60.050.00.7World190.1Production of natural gas by region, 1992 2018140120100806040200AfricaUnited States AsiaRussian FederationNorthern Am

47、erica (excl. US)Latin America and the Caribbean Europe (excl. Russian Federation) Oceania100%80%60%40%20%0%19922018Exajoules and percentage199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018Production of natural gas by region, 1992, 2000, 2010

48、 and 2018ExajoulesRegion1992200020102018Africa8.2Northern America (excl. US)6.5United States17.518.720.730.1Latin America and the Caribbean2.85.07.57.1Asia13.819.436.647.0Europe (excl. Russian Federation)9.011.411.39.1Russian Federation21.719.722.625.0Oceania1.01.42.04.5World72.786

49、.3113.5137.5Primary production of biofuels and waste by region, 1990 201850403020100Africa (excl. Nigeria) Northern America Asia (excl. India) EuropeNigeriaLatin America and the Caribbean IndiaOceania100%80%60%40%20%0%19902018Exajoules and percentage19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120

50、022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018Primary production of biofuels and waste by region, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018ExajoulesRegion1990200020102018Africa (excl. Nigeria)9.3Nigeria4.9Northern America5.0Latin America and the Caribbean6.3As

51、ia (excl. India)8.38.710.911.5India7.7Europe7.3Oceania0.3World31.536.447.352.4Primary production of biofuels and waste by region and type of fuel, 2018ExajoulesAfrica (excl. Nigeria)Nigeria Northern AmericaLatin America and the CaribbeanAsia (excl. India)IndiaEurope Oceani

52、a024681012FuelwoodWasteOther biofuelsPrimary production of biofuels and waste by region and type of fuel, 2018ExajoulesRegionFuelwoodWasteOther biofuelsTotalAfrica (excl. Nigeria)9.3Nigeria2.42.50+4.9Northern America1.0Latin America and the Caribbean6.3Asia (excl. India)5.

53、India7.7Europe7.3Oceania0.20.020.10.3World26.515.310.552.4ElectricityElectricity generation per capita, 2018Kilowatt hours per capitakWh per capita10,000 5,000-9,999.92,500-4,999.91,000-2,499.91,000No dataSource: United Nations Energy Statistics Database. Please see the

54、disclaimer on page 66.FACTS AND FIGURESWorld electricity generation grew 122% from 1990 to 2018, reaching 26,626 TWh in 2018. The largest absolute growth from 1990 to 2018 was observed for electricity generated from coal (5,727 TWh or +129%) and natural gas (4,379 TWh or +245%) while the fastest gro

55、wth was visible for electricity generated from solar, wind and other sources4 (+3,091% or 1,901 TWh). In 2018, slightly less than 3/4 of all electricity was generated from non-renewable sources5, mainly from non-renewable thermal (64.4% or 17,153 TWh) and nuclear sources (10.2% or 2,709 TWh). Howeve

56、r, renewable electricity accounted for 57.8% of global electricity capacity additions over the past eight years, growing to 2,474 GW in 2018 and exceeding 1/3 of total electricity capacity (34.5%).- (5) See notes on pages 66-67.Total electricity generation by region, 1990-201825201510501990 1992 199

57、4 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018AfricaUnited States Asia (excl. China) EuropeNorthern America (excl. US)Latin America and the Caribbean ChinaOceania100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%1990 2018Petawatt hours and percentageTotal electricity generation by region, 1990, 2000,

58、2010 and 2018Terawatt hoursRegion1990200020102018Africa311.7437.3677.8854.6Northern America (excl. US)482.9606.7604.3655.6United States3,218.64,052.74,378.44,455.4Latin America and the Caribbean624.51,010.61,405.81,659.9Asia (excl. China)1,948.53,395.65,090.86,609.4China621.21,355.64,207.27,166.1Eur

59、ope4,571.04,386.54,913.74,906.8Oceania192.5257.7308.0318.2World11,970.815,502.721,585.926,626.1World electricity generation by source, 1990-20182520151050Coal Natural gas HydroSolar, wind and other sourcesOilBiofuels and waste Nuclear100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%1990 2018Petawatt hours and perce

60、ntage19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018World electricity generation by source, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018Terawatt hoursSource1990200020102018Thermal7,696.510,103.014,790.217,649.7- Coal4,439.66,038.68,653.810,166.6- Oil