致用英语-第四册-Unit-1

1、 Unit 1Starting Your Career organised: achieving your aims in an effective, ordered, and sensible way antonym: disorganised; messy; inefficientPunctual: arriving, happening or being done at exactly the time that has been arrangedantonym: unpunctual; late; tardyCooperative: willing to work togetheran

2、tonym: uncooperative; unhelpful;unsupportive; Hardworking: working with a lot of effortsantonym: lazy; idle; shiftlessModest: unwilling to talk about their abilities and achievementsantonym:arrogant; boastful; immodest patient: able to wait calmly for a long time or to accept difficulties, peoples a

3、nnoying behaviour etc, without becoming angryantonym: impatient ; intolerant; frustratedVigorous : strong, energetic, and active in mind or bodyantonym: vulnerable; weak; inactiveSociable: being friendly and enjoying being with other people antonym: introverted; shy; reserved Sincere: honest and tru

4、eantonym: insincere; dishonest; trickyResponsible :sensible and able to make good judgements, so that you can be trusted antonym: unreliable; irresponsible; untrustworthyDedicated : someone who is dedicated work very hard at what they do because they care a lot about itantonym:uncommitted ; uncaring

5、; unenthusiasticPre-reading BACKPassage StructurePart One: Introduce the topicPart Two: Show the tips for making good first impressions in three aspects Part Three: ConclusionBACKIn business and networking situations1. Dress for the specific occasion.2. Grooming is also an important part of first im

6、pressions.3. Wear the name tag on your right shoulder area. 4. Handshakes should be simpleextend right hand and grasp gently but firmly.5. The greeting should be short and simple; pay attention to the other persons name.6. Engage the other person in conversation. Look for common ground with the pers

7、on youre talking to.7. Avoid talking about the controversial subjects.In job interviews1 Arrive about 15 minutes early.2 Conduct a final grooming check in the restroom before the interview.3. Be polite to the support staff.4. Do not smoke right before the interview. 5. Turn off your cell phone.6. Sm

8、ile and make strong eye contact.7. Answer interview questions with ease and ask questions of the interviewer.8. Write a thank-you note after the interview.When starting a new job1 Arrive a bit early; leave no earlier than the majority of the others in your area.2 Take no more than your allotted brea

9、ks during the day.3. Avoid calling in sick or taking personal days. 4. Show your team spirit by supporting the team.5. Listen more and talk less.6. Stay clear of all office politics and gossip.7. Keep your personal communications email, IM, and phone to a minimum while at work.Compre-hensionLanguage

10、 Points1. provide for 1）.为提供生活费 He had to provide for five children.他要供养五个孩子。He worked hard to provide for his old age.他努力工作为养老做准备。2）.为作准备 It is highly important to provide for the future.预先做好准备非常重要。Every possible risk has been provided for in this project.此方案对各种可能发生的风险都作了准备。Compre-hension3）.规定 The

11、agreement provided for a cease-fire.协议规定停火。 These measures were provided for by law.这些措施是法律所规定的。The book being translated is provided for in your contract.在你们的合同中已确定要翻译这本书。BACKCompre-hension2. essential adj. extremely important and necessary 绝对必要的 e.g. (1) It is essential that we win the game. (2) H

12、ard work is essential. But theres also a time for rest and relaxation. Words & ExpressionsBACKCompre-hension3. look the part to look suitable for a particular situation 得体，适合某种场合 e.g. (1) But no matter how hard I tried to look the part, there was still something missing. (2) You might look the part,

13、 you might sound the part, but youre not actually Chinese. BACKCompre-hension4. attire n. clothes 服饰 e.g. (1) A suit and tie is acceptable attire for any business situation. (2) Her attention was attracted by his peculiar attire. BACKCompre-hension5. overdressed adj. dressed in clothes that are too

14、formal for the occasion 穿得过于正式 e.g. (1) She is always overdressed for a party. (2) I feel rather overdressed in this suit everyone else is wearing jeans! BACKCompre-hension6. well-pressed adj. making clothes smooth and using a hot iron 熨烫平整的e.g. (1) Keeping your clothes well-pressed will keep you fr

15、om looking hard-pressed. (2) Hes always wearing clean and well-pressed clothes. BACKCompre-hension 7. grooming n. the process of cleaning and brushing your hairs 整理仪容 e.g. (1) Good grooming is an asset. ( 2)Help me to groom the horses for the show this afternoon. 帮我梳洗打扮这些马参加今天下午的展出。 Compre-hension8.

16、 wind-swept adj.hair, clothes etc. that are windswept have been blown around by the wind（头发）蓬乱的 e.g. (1) The models wind-swept hair made her look very relaxed. BACKCompre-hension9. overwhelm v.if work or a problem overwhelms someone, it is too much or too difficult to deal with 使不知所措 e.g. (1) Someti

17、mes natural events overwhelm you, as your own mistakes never can. (2) They would be overwhelmed with paperwork. BACKCompre-hension10. minimal adj. very small in degree or amount 最小的；尽可能少的 e.g. (1) The storm did only minimal damage. (2) I stayed with friends, so my expenses were minimal. BACKCompre-h

18、ension11. nail v. if you nail something, you succeed in getting it, after a lot of time or effort 牢固 e.g. (1) He nailed boards together to make a box. (2) Has the police nailed the man? BACKCompre-hension12. engage v. to attract someones attention and keep them interested 吸引人 e.g. (1) The new novel

19、engaged his attention and interest. BACKCompre-hension13. common ground : a shared topic or subject 共同话题 e.g. (1) Bob and Frank dont like each other because they have no common ground . (2) Economic and trade cooperation is the best area for the two countries to seek common ground. BACKCompre-hensio

20、n14. naturally adv. used to say that something is normal and not surprising 自然地 e.g. (1) One will naturally ask why. (2) She behaved naturally before the microphone. BACKCompre-hension15. paperwork n. the documents that you need for a business deal, a journey etc. 资料，文件 e.g. (1) The job also require

21、s a lot of paperwork. Can you be organized? (2) It will take a lot of paperwork and time to replace your passport. BACKCompre-hension16. showcase v. to show the good qualities of a person, organisation, product etc. 展示 e.g. (1) Restored films are being showcased this month at a festival in Paris. (2

22、) She wants to showcase African-American literature.BACKCompre-hension17. cement v.to make a relationship between people, countries, or organisations firm and strong 粘合，巩固 e.g. (1) Lets cement the parts together. (2) Our holiday together cemented our friendship. BACKCompre-hension18. allotted adj. g

23、iving a particular share of something to someone 分配的 e.g. (1) Is there some way I can find my own allotted work? (2) Quickly another question followed. Where is your allotted place? BACKCompre-hension 19. in terms of 就而言, 从方面说来 He thought of everything in terms of money.他是从钱的角度来看每一件事。 BACKCompre-hen

24、sion20. showboat v. if someone playing a sport is showboating, they are trying to make people admire them by doing skillful tricks, but are not playing effectively for their team 卖弄 e.g. (1) That newscaster is showboating; she wants to be on camera all the time. (2) The beauty queen showboated aroun

25、d the stage at the end of the show. BACKCompre-hension21. It goes without saying that: used to say that something is so clearly true that it does not need to be said 不言而喻，理所当然 e.g. (1) It goes without saying that your decision is right. (2) It goes without saying that knowledge is power. BACKCompre-

26、hension 22. go far: succeed in a big way 1).Shes got a good education and a charming personality and she should go far. 她受过很好的教育，有极好的品格，因而应该大有前途。2).A promise of accommodation in nine to fifteen months time does not go far to solve our present problem. 答应在9至15个月时间内给予贷款，远远不能解决我们目前的问题。3).Soft pace goes

27、 far. 宁静致远。 BACKlook the partIn other words, you must dress for the specific occasion. attireso make sure your clothing is clean and well-pressed.overdressedIf you cant be certain, its always better to be overdressed than underdressed.Compre-hensionunderdressed.If you cant be certain, its always bet

28、ter to be overdressed than underdressedGroomingHair should be neatand certainly not wind-swept. For men, facial hair should be either non-existent or well-maintained. For women, less make-up is always better than too much.cologneA light perfume or cologne is acceptable,BACKbone-crushersextend right

29、hand and grasp gently but firmly. No bone crushers and no four-handed, one-hand-over-the-other shakes. nail (a good impression)the last tip when youre in this setting is not to make the conversation all about you. A great way to cement a strong first impression is writing a thank-you note after the

30、interview.Compre-hensioncommon groundshare stories about that common interest.CrucialBecause the job interview is usually your first face-to-face with the employers, first impressions are especially crucial.asking questions of the interviewer are vital to making a good impression.BACKCompre-hensions

31、howcaseAnswering interview questions with ease (showcasing your interview preparationstay clear ofAnd it should go without saying, but stay clear of all office politics and gossip.keep your personal communications,to a minimum while at work. BACKLanguage in UseVocabulary BuildingBACKGrammar Developm

32、entGrammar一、“as(否定句中可用so)adjadvas”，其基本意思为“和一样”。但在实际应用中，此结构在不同的语境中含义差异较大。 1、表示不同人或物同一性质的比较，意为“和一样。 The tree is as tall as the building(is) 这棵树和那栋楼一样高。 Michael is as bright as George(is) 迈克尔和乔治一样聪明。 As.as StructureGrammar 2、表示同一个人或物不同性质的比较，意为“既又” Alice works as happily as(she)plays(happily) 艾丽丝愉快地工作，尽

33、情地玩。 Danny is not so wise as he is witty 丹尼为人风趣，但欠明智。 As.as StructureGrammar3、用于表示两个人或物不同性质的比较，表示程度相同或相当，意为“而”。 He was as handsome as his wife was beautiful 他长得非常英俊，他的妻子也长得非常漂亮。 He was as experienced as his brother was green 他经验丰富，而他兄弟却涉世未深。 Grammar 二、asas结构的另一种形式是“as muchmany名词as从句”。 Mary has writt

34、en as many essays as her brother 玛丽写的文章篇数和她弟弟一样多。 It is as much your fault as your wifes 这既是你的过错，也是你妻子的过错。 Henry is as much a hypocrite asJohn 亨利跟约翰一样是个伪君子。 Grammar三、若有修饰成分，如twice，three times，half，a quarter等，必须置于第一个as之前。 You are not half as clever as you think you are你可不像自己想象的那么聪明。 She isnt going ou

35、t with a man who is twice as old as she 她不打算和一个比她大一倍的人出去散步。 Youve made just as many mistakes as I have 我和你犯的错误一样多。 Weve produced twice as much cotton this year as we did last year. 我们今年的棉花产量是去年的两倍。 Grammar四、asas结构的另一变体形式是“as形容词原级名词词组as” I dont want as expensive a car as this.I dont want a car as exp

36、ensive as this 我不要这么贵的汽车。 Tony is as clever a boy as his brother 托尼是一个和他兄弟一样聪明的男孩。 Grammar五、当asas与表示重量、数量、时间、距离、价格等的计量名词连用时。往往并不表示比较。而是构成一个形容词组，意为“重达，多达，高达”等。 The river is as deep as 10 meters 这条河深达10米。 Frosts often occur as late as May 往往到5月份还有霜。 Grammar六、“as+原级+as any(或ever)”、“as+原级+ascan be”、“not

37、hing(或no)so原级as”等结构表达的是最高级意义。即在某种程度上或某方面达到极限或最大限度。 He is as great a mathematician as any 他是一位非常杰出的数学家。 He is as happy as happy can be 他幸福无比。 No one is so deaf as those who wont listen 最聋者莫过于不听劝说的人。 Grammar七、asas几个常见句型。 1asas possiblesb can尽可能的 Please answer my question as soon as possible 请尽快回答我的问题。

38、 The detective is searching the man as carefully as he can 那个侦探正在尽可能仔细地搜查那个男子的身体。 Grammar2asas usualbefore像以前一样 She looks as pretty as before 她看起来和以前一样漂亮 Though they failed，they still worked as hard as usual 尽管他们失败了，但他们仍像以前一样努力工作。 3as long as只要，引导条件状语从句 will stay with you as long as there is a room

39、free 要是你有一间空余的房子，我就住在你这里。 You may borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back 只要你答应归还，你就可以把这书借走。 Grammar4.as far as 远至；就而论，据He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火车站。As/So far as I know, the library wont open until eight oclock.据我所知，图书馆要到八点钟才开门。 Grammar5. a

40、s well as 和一样好；也；既又；除外，还She sings as well as she plays.她唱得好，弹得也好。The child is lively as well as healthy.这孩子既健康又活泼。Tom, as well as his brothers, enjoys playing football. 汤姆和他的哥哥们都喜欢踢足球。He gave me his help as well as his criticism.他除了给我批评外，还给我帮助。（这时强调帮助）Grammar一些带有asas的常见短语归纳：as black as coal 像煤一样黑as

41、brave as a lion像狮子一样勇敢as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一样忙碌as deep as a well像井一样深as easy as ABC像ABC一样容易as fat as a pig 像猪一样肥胖as firm as rock 像山岩一样坚定as free as a bird像小鸟一样自由as happy as a king像国王一样快乐as blind as a bat像蝙蝠一样瞎Grammaras hot as fire 像火一样热as light as a feather 像羽毛一样轻as patient as an ox像牛一样能忍耐as poor as a church mouse像教堂