海洋经济外文文献

1、Evaluation and analysis on the environmentalperformance of marine economy in the coastalareas of ChinaYi ZhengInformation college, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China, 200090 HYPERLINK mailto:yzhengl yzhenglKeywords: evaluation. environmental performance. marine economy.Abstract: For promotin

2、g the development of marine economy more sustainable,based the data envelopment analysis method and combined with the impact of the marine environment, the environmental performance of marine economy was evaluated for Chinese coastal provinces. Firstly the classical CCR model was used. Then a model

3、considered undesirable outputs was made to suit to Chinese marine economy. Made use of the two models, the economic efficiencies without environmental consideration and the environmental performance index were calculated and compared. According to the results, the empirical relation between EPI and

4、EE per capita GDP and the industrial structure was analyzed. IntroductionWith the ocean and coastal resources were developed, marine pollution is becoming more and more serious. This requires that the development of marine economy in our country should be properly adjusted. Comprehensive evaluation

5、for marine economic efficiency can find the developing level and existing problem of marine economy in the coastal areas, so as to providing some reference for scientific decision-making and guide the coastal local economy to a healthy way.In recent years the term “ environmentalperformance ”w,hich

6、offers policy analysts and decision makers condensed information by the construction of an aggregated environmental performance index(EPI), has been universally advocated and quoted. From the point of view of operations research, the existing techniques for constructing aggregated EPIs can also be d

7、ivided into two big categories, namely the indirect approach and direct approach. In the direct approach, an aggregatedEPI is directly obtained from the observed quantities of the inputs and outputs of the studied system using a nonparametric approach called Data envelopment analysis (DEA) 1.Chung e

8、t a1 (1997) Seiford and Zhu(2002) Vencheh eta1 (2005) Bian Yiwen (2007) Hua et a1 (2008) Lozano et a1 (2009) etc. have researched and developed the problem of environmental efficiency evaluation from different angles with data envelopment analysis. They made a lot of achievements, but the result abo

9、ut the marine industries is almost no in these research.So this paper made use of the DEA method and combined with the impact of the marine environment to evaluate the environmental performance of marine economy for Chinese coastal provinces,. It will promote the development of marine economy more s

10、ustainable and also develop the field of the DEA application.Research MethodsEvaluation Model. Firstly the classical CCR model (output-oriented) in data envelopment analysis 2 was used in this paper. It only considered the desirable production, without considering the harmful effects on the environm

11、ent. Then another model was made, in which a decision making unit is efficient when it produces the most desirable production with the least damage to the environment. And these byproducts generated with desirable productions, such as sewage, called undesirable output. Obviously, the desirable outpu

12、t and undesirable output always produced at the same time and must be improved in the opposite direction, the more desirable outputs and the least undesirable outputs the better. Although the traditional DEA model have been made some gains in dealing with both the different outputs, but there is sti

13、ll much room for improvement. In order to consider economic and environmental performance better, this paper uses a slack-based measure (SBM) of efficiency in data envelopment analysis to construct a comprehensive efficiency evaluation index by maximizing input and output slack variables.The relatio

14、n between EPI and EE. It can be seen in the table 3, there is a strong correlation between the EPI and EE. Whether or not considering the environment benefit, the relative ranking of the two kinds of efficiency was almost invariant. According to their efficiency, all coastal provinces and municipali

15、ties in China can be divided into three levels. The first level was Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong and Tianjin, their two kinds of efficiency both were the highest, followed by Fujian, HeBei, Liaoning and Guangdong, and Zhejiang, Hainan and Guangxi had the lowest level. Further analysis found that, the

16、 relative difference of EE is smaller than EPI. If the first group is 100% for EE, second group is in 48% to 63%, and the minimum in the third group is more than 20%. But if considering the environmental benefits, the relative efficiency EPI varies greatly, the difference between EPI is bigger than

17、between the EE. As the first group was 100% for EPI, the second was only in 21% to 23%, the third was below 20%. So for Chinas marine economy, the EE have close ties to the EPI. An area with the highest economic efficiency also has the highest environmental performance, and vice versa, low economic

18、efficiency will lead to lower environmental performance.The relation between EPI and per capita GDP. Economic efficiency is not equal to the level of economic development. If the degree of economic development in a regional is represented by per capita GDP, the results in this paper showed that the

19、relations between EPI and the local economy were different in different stages. When per capita GDP is low (less than 30000 yuan), such as Hainan and Guangxi, the EPI is low; when per capita GDP is high (greater than 60000), the EPI is high too; but when per capita GDP is between them (about from 40

20、000 to 60000 yuan), the EPI cha nges un certai nly, such as per capita GDP of Shandong was 4.71 million yuan in 2011, its EPI was 100%, but Zhejiangs per capita GDP was close to 6 million yuan, the EPI was less than 17%. This shows that, in the development stage, effective en vir onmen tal man ageme

21、 nt is particularly importa nt to improve the en vir onmen tal performa nee.The relationship between EPI and industrial structure The calculation of two models show that, whether or not consider the environmental impact, to improve the economic efficie ncy un der maintaining the curre nt output, the

22、 reduct ion rate of marine fish ing motor vessels is the highest, the average reduction rate in CCR model is 54.6%, and the average rate in UOM model is 62.7%. For considering the environmental impact, the UOM model reflect: the marine fishery had the lowest efficiency, and the marine tourism is the

23、 second. The average reduct ion rate of its corresp onding evaluatio n in dex rooms in star-related hotels was 49.8%, marine transport industry is the highest efficiency in the three industries, the average reduct ion rate for its represe nt in dexprodubeveisjier ” on0s45%.According the research, to

24、 improve the efficiency of marine industry, adjustment of marine fisheries is the com mon task for all non-effective area beside Tianji n, Shandong, Jia ngsu and Shan ghai. I n additi on, Lia oning, Hebei, Guan gxi and Hainan should focus on impro ving the efficiency of tourism industry, Zhejiang, F

25、ujian and Guangdong should pay attention to raise the efficie ncy of port and tran sport in dustry. At the same time, Hebei, Guan gxi, Fujia n and Zhejiang should carry out more stringent waste water treatment standards to improve the industries achieving more effective state, because their reductio

26、n rate of waste water discharged was the highest.AcknowledgementsThis work was financially supported by the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commissi on (13ZS100).ReferencesP.Zhou, B. W.Ang, K.L.Poh. Measuring environmental performanee under different environmental DEA technologies

27、. Energy Economics, VI.30 (2008), p.1-14.Quanling Wei. data envelopment analysis. Beijing:Science Press (2004).Tone. A slack-based measure of efficie ncy in data en velopme nt an alysis. Europea n Jour nal of operatio nal research, VI.130 (2001), p.498-509.State Oceanic Administration. China marine

28、statistical yearbook 2012, Beijing: China Ocean press(2013).China ocean bureau. Marine environmental information, 4 (2013). Information on HYPERLINK /zwgk/hyhjxx/201308/t20130827_27127.htm /zwgk/hyhjxx/201308/t20130827_27127.htmlSustainable Development of Industry and Economy10.4028/ HYPERLINK http:

29、/www.scie www.scie ntific. net/AMR.869-870Evaluation and Analysis on the Environmental Performance of Marine Economy in theCoastal Areas of China10.4028/ HYPERLINK http:/www.scie www.scie ntific. net/AMR.869-870.623译文评估和分析海洋经济在中国沿海地区的环保性能郑毅信息学院，上海海洋大学，上海，中国，200090yzhe ng.c nl摘要：为促进海洋经济更加可持续的发展，基于数据包

30、络分析法并结合对海洋环境的影响，海洋经济的环保性能为中国沿海省份进行了评价。首先，使用经典的CCR模式。再考虑非期望产出模型是为了适应中国的海洋经济。利用这两个模型的，经济效率不受环境代价及环境性能指标进行 了计算和比较。根据研究结果，计划免疫和EE人均GDP和产业结构之间的经验关系进行了分析。关键词:评价环保性能 海洋经济介绍与海洋和沿海资源开发，海洋污染变得越来越严重。这就要求海洋经济在我国的发展应适当调整。海洋经济效益综合评价可以发现，在沿海地区海洋经济的发展水平和存在的问题，从而为客户 提供科学的决策有一定的参考和指导沿海地方经济的健康发展。近年来，所谓“环保性能”，它提供了政策分析家

31、和决策者通过聚合环境绩效指数（ EPI）的建 设简明信息，已经普遍提倡和引用。但从运筹学的角度来看，构建环境绩效指标汇总现有的技术也 可以分为两大类，即间接的方式，直接的方法。在直接的方法，聚合EPI是直接从所研究的系统使用非参数方法，被称为数据包络分析（DEA的输入和输出的观察数量获得1。Chung等 A1（ 1997）Seiford 和朱（2002）Vencheh 等 A1（ 2005）卞医纹（2007）华等 A1（2008）Loza no等A1（ 2009）等，已经研究并从不同的角度开发的环境效益评估的问题数据包络分析。他们做了很多的成绩，但结果对海洋产业几乎没有在这些research.

32、So本文提出的数据包络分析方法的使用，并结合海洋环境的影响，以评估海洋经济的环保性能服务中国沿海各省。它将促进海洋经济 更加可持续的发展，并开发了数据包络分析的应用领域。研究方法评价模型。首先是经典的 CCR模式（输出为主）中的数据包络分析法2本文所用。它只考虑了理想的生产，而不考虑对环境的有害影响。然后另一个模型制作，其中一个决策单元是有效的，当它产生最适宜的生产用最少的对环境的破坏。并与理想的作品，如污水产生这些副产品，称为非期 望产出。显然，期望的输出和不希望的输出总是产生在同一时间，并且必须在相反方向上得到改进， 更理想的输出和至少不希望的输出就更好了。虽然传统的DEA模型已经取得了一

33、些成果在处理两个不同的输出，但仍有很大的提升空间。为了更好地考虑经济和环保性能，本文采用数据包络分析效 率的松弛型测量（SBM通过最大限度地提高输入和输出松弛变量，构建一个综合效益评价指标.EPI和EE之间的关系。它可以在表 3中可以看出，存在的 EPI和EE之间有很强的相关性。不 论是否考虑到环境效益，这两种效率的相对排名几乎是不变的。根据他们的效率，所有沿海省市在 中国可以分为三个层次。第一个层次是上海，江苏，山东，天津，它们的两种效率的两个最高，其 次是福建，河北，辽宁，广东，浙江，海南，广西有最低的水平。进一步分析发现，EE 的相对差比EPI小。如果第一组为 100% EE，第二组是在 48%至63%，最小的第三组是 20%以上。但是， 如果考虑到环境效益，效率相对EPI良莠不齐，长盈之差大于EE之间。作为第一组为100%, EPI , 第二个是只在21%至23%,第三个是20%以下。因此，对于中国的海洋经济，在EE有密切的联系，扩大免疫规划。最高经济效率的地区也有最高的环保性能，反之亦然，经济效益低将导致较低的环 保性能。EPI与人均GDF之间的关系。经济效益不等于经济发展水平3。如果在一个区域经济发展的程度是由人均 GDP为代表，结果在本文中表明，EPI与地方经济