专题08阅读理解（知识串讲名校最新期末真题15篇）2

1、专题08阅读理解15篇（知识串讲+名校最新期末真题）1.先看问题，再读文章做阅读理解是先看问题，还是先看文章，这是很多同学经常问的问题。我觉得这两种方法各有利 弊，应视具体情况而定。就阅读广告而言，还是先看问题比拟好，因为广告类的试题绝大局部是寻找 信息的题目，大可不必从头读到尾，带着问题有针对性地去跳读、略读，这样就可以节约不少时间。 2.抓住广告的标题如果广告有标题，大标题下又有小标题，那么，快速寻找原文信息时，这些标题就成了很重要的 线索，可以帮助我们快速准确地找到答案。有些题目考查的就是对广告标题的理解。.逐项比拟，得出最正确做阅读理解题，切不可凭主观印象，想当然地确定答案。任何一道题

2、目，均可以在原文中找到相 关线索，这就如同破译密码一样。做题人的思维过程和编题人的思维过程恰好相反，编题人先找好线 索，然后设计问题和选项，解题人根据问题，再去文中找相关线索。因此，我们做题时要逐项比拟，排 除错误选项，得出最正确答案。.吃透文章文章大意和中心思想任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨和中心。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章 的主旨大意，从这一段或这个句子，我们就会知道文章描述的是什么（即文章的主题），也会了解作者 希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义那么需从文章的字里行间去浓缩去推断。这 类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会驾驭大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概

3、括能力有一定的要求。.理解文中具体信息文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要, 同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人员往往会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获 得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。这类试题有时比拟直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时 那么较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。.根据上下文语境，准确推断生词的词义正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根 本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的 语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵

4、活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能 力。此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推 断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的 能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。organization that brightens the lives of kids who face health challenges. They considered what that wish might be. “We wanted to do something that would last a lo

5、ng time and that she would get a lot of use out of J Kristy said. Weekly swimming is part of Hannahs physical therapy at Longview, so they decided on a pool.But building a pool in your back yard means getting a pennit. But the Burrowses didnt have one. If they wanted to get one, they should spend hu

6、ndreds of dollars, which could be too much for the family.AS it turned out, a local company volunteered to do a site plan free. Followed were discounted products or services. Kristy said, “The permit was issued on the 5th of June and the pool was built in the next five days.We went from, Oh, it will

7、 be next summer to 15 days later there was a pool in my backyard.Its an aboveground pool, 3.5 feet deep, perfect for Hannah.“She loves it J said Kristy. Shes been swimming almost every day fbr an hour. Hannah is delighted to be in water, of course, but her family has noticed that the pool has improv

8、ed her life out of it, too. She struggled with sleeping through the night,“ Kristy said. But now, shes had a couple of great nights of sleep just from the activity/515 . What do we know about Hannah Burrows?She cant express her excitement to be in water.She is good at swimming though she is young.He

9、r health condition has greatly improved with the pool.She has severe intellectual and physical disabilities.How does Kristy feel about the services of the foundation?A. More than satisfied.B. Very disappointed.C. A little annoyed.D. Very discouraged.What can be the best title of the passage?A. Swimm

10、ing Helps Improve Little Girls HealthB. Six-year-old Girl Enjoyed SwimmingC. A Special Girls Wish Came TrueD. Building a Swimming Pool Needs a Permit【答案】15. DAC【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了游泳对于身体和智力有残疾的孩子来说有治疗作用，因此在本地一家公 司的帮助下，汉娜拥有了一个自己游泳池，她的健康和生活都得到了改善。细节理解题。根据第二段“Hannah is in kindergarten at Longview Sch

11、ool, a school for children with severeintellectual and physical disabilities.（汉娜在朗维尤学校上幼儿园，这是一所专为智力和身体严重残疾儿童开 设的学校户可知，汉娜在专为智力和身体严重残疾儿童开设的学校就读。由此可知，Hannah有严重的智 力和身体残疾。应选D。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Its an aboveground pool, 3.5 feet deep, perfect for Hannah（这是一个地上泳 池，3.5英尺深，非常适合汉娜厂可知，Kristy认为这个游泳池非常适合Hannah。由此推知，Kr

12、isty对基 金会的服务非常满意。应选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段“Hannah Burrows isnt able to put into words how much she loves water（汉娜无法用 语言表达她有多爱水），第二段Hannah is in kindergarten at Longview School, a school for children with severe intellectual and physical disabilities（汉娜在朗维尤学校上幼儿园，这是一所专为智力和身体严重残疾 儿童开设的学校），第三段But building a pool

13、 in your back yard means getting a permit（但在后院建游泳池 意味着要获得许可），第四段AS it turned out, a local company volunteered to do a site plan 结果，一家 当地的公司自愿免费帮助做一个泳池点）“，以及第六段“but her family has noticed that the pool has improved her life out of it（但她的家人也注意到泳池改善了她的生活厂可知，本文主要讲述患有身体和智力残疾的 Hannah最后最终拥有了自己的泳池。由此可知，A Sp

14、ecial Girls Wish Came True（一个特殊女孩的愿望实 现了）适合作本文最正确标题。应选C。（2022辽宁沈阳市回民中学高一期末）Never play games with a bot（robot）一it will find a way to cheat if it can. A team from OpenAI, an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco, has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by

15、 playing hide-and-seek. The bots also learned how to use basic tools to help them win.Bowen Baker at Open AT and his colleagues wanted to see if the team-based dynamics of the OpenAT Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans.The researchers set their bots loose in a

16、 simulated （模拟的）environment filled with fixed walls, movable boxes and ladders, and left them to play team games of hide-and-seek. The bots each had their own view of the world and couldnt communicate with each other directly.At first, the hiders simply ran away. But they soon worked out that the qu

17、ickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view. The seekers learned that they could move boxes around and use them to climb over walls. The bots then discovered that being a team-player -passing objects to each other or cooperating on a hideout -wa

18、s the quickest way to win.But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults. Seekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards a wall, they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from above. Hiders found that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing

19、 them aside.It shows that Ais are able to find solutions that humans miss, says Baker. Maybe theyll even be able to solve problems that humans dont yet know how to. However, it is a large leap （跳跃）from virtual hide and seek to real problem-solving. The main limitation is that it is in simulation,say

20、s Chelsea Finn at Stanford University. 18. Why did Bowen and his colleagues conduct the research?A. To teach bots to play games.B , To train bots to use basic tools.To find if bots may cheat like humans.To see the potential of robots cooperation.Whats the third paragraph mainly about?A. The tools of

21、 the research.B. The design of the research.C. The competitors of the game.D. The environment of the game.What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to?A. Making use of faults.B. Moving boxes around.C. Passing objects.D. Hiding themselves from view.What does Chelsea think of the

22、finding of the research?A. It can bridge a gap in the AI research.B It will not be influenced by the real world.It may not be realized out of the virtual world.It will definitely help the real problem-solving.【答案】18. DBAC【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了来自旧金山人工智能实验室OpenAI的一个团队开发出了通过玩捉迷 藏来自学合作的人工智能机器人。18.细节理解

23、题。根据文章第二段“Bowen Baker at Open AI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team-based dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans.（开放人工 智能公司的Bowen Baker和他的同事们想看看开放人工智能5的团队动力能否被用来培养出有一天对人 类有用的技能。）“可知，Bowen Baker和他的同事们进行研究是想看到机器人合作的潜力。应选D项。 19.主旨大意题

24、。根据文章第三段第一句The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated （模拟的）environment filled with fixed walls, movable boxes and ladders, and left them to play team games of hide-and-seek.（研究人 员将机器人放在一个充满固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中，让它们玩捉迷藏的团队游 戏。）”可知，本段是在介绍这项研究是如何设计的。应选B项。词句猜想题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句But the real surprise

25、came when the bots started making use of problems or faults.（但真正令人惊讶的是，机器人开始利用问题或故障。）”结合语境可知，画线词指的是 机器人开始“利用问题或故障”这件事情说明人工智能能够找到人类错失的解决方案。应选A项。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后三句“Maybe theyll even be able to solve problems that humans dont yet know how to., However, it is a large leap （跳跃）from virtual hide and seek

26、to real problem-solving. The main limitation is that it is in simulation,says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University.（“也许它们甚至能够解决 人类还不知道如何解决的问题。”但是，从虚拟的捉迷藏到真正的问题解决，这是一个巨大的飞跃。斯坦 福大学的切尔西芬恩表示：“主要的限制在于它还处于模拟阶段。“可知，切尔西芬恩认为这项研究 发现在虚拟世界之外可能无法实现。应选C项。（2022贵州遵义高一期末）Lonely? Youre hardly alone. Thafs the finding

27、of a new study. And that appears throughout industrial nations across the globe. The study linked rising loneliness to a greater use of smartphones and the Internet over the same years.Jean Twenge, a psychologist, took part in the study. Her team has found that since 2012, US teens have been spendin

28、g less time together face to face.Smartphones can help keep us connected with friends J says Twenge. “But they can also make people feel excluded （隔离）Girls, especially, may feel this way. One reason may be that they like to post more photos and selfies than boys. Studies have shown that if those ima

29、ges dont get a lot of likes”，it can affect a teens mental health.And theres “phubbing”, a mixture of “phone” and snubbing （冷落）Its that moment in which a friend or family member takes out a phone and keeps looking at it, paying no attention to everybody else, including you. Phubbing is one way that t

30、echnology can affect you, even when youre not the one using it.The new study pulled its data from a survey. Some 1 million 15-and 16-year-old students from 37 countries took this survey in 2000, 2003, 2012, 2015 and 2018. Its questions mostly dealt with education. But they alsoincluded six statement

31、s about loneliness, such as I feel awkward and out of place in my school”. Students could strongly disagree, disagree, agree or strongly agree with each statement.If technology causes loneliness, should we stop using it? No, not at all J argues Twenge. Everybody of all ages is trying to figure out h

32、ow we can best use these technologies and stay mentally healthy. Her advice is touse your smartphone fbr what its good for. Then put it away. That includes putting it away overnightideally in another room.How do girls differ from boys in smartphone use?A. They prefer to post pictures with it.B. They

33、 depend on it to keep in touch.C. They use it as a learning tooLD. They need it to stay in style.Why does the author discuss phubbing“ in paragraph 4?To introduce a new term of the smartphone.To give an example of communication.To introduce an embarrassing situation.To show the harm of the smartphon

34、e.Which of the following would Twenge probably agree with?Smart phones only do harm to teenagers.Parents should buy phones for their kids.Boys are in greater need of phones than girls.We can use our smartphones to benefit ourselves. What is the best title for the text?The Smartphone一the Focus of a S

35、tudyThe Smartphone-a Friend of TeenagersThe Smartphone-a Source of LonelinessThe Smartphone-a Communication Tool【答案】22. ADDC【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究，研究说明：近些年来由于智能手机和网络的普及，越来越 多的青少年感到孤独。22.细节理解题。根据第三段的“One reason may be that they like to post more photos and selfies （自拍）than boys.（其中一个原因可能是，她们比男孩子

36、更喜欢上传照片和自拍）”可知，女孩子更喜欢利用手机上传照 片。应选A。推理判断题。根据第四段的“Phubbing is one way technology can affect you, even when you,re not the one using it.（低头族是科技影响你的一种方式，即使你不是那个使用者广推知，本段中讲到低头族是想要讲述 智能手机的危害。应选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的“No, not at all J argues Twenge. Everybody of all ages is trying to figure out how we can best use

37、 these technologies and stay mentally healthy., Her advice is touse your smartphone fbr what it，s good for. Then put it away.，不，一点也不，Twenge说。所有年龄段的人都在试图找出如何最好地利 用这些技术并保持心理健康。她的建议是用你的智能手机做有益的事情，然后把它收起来。）”推知， Twenge认为我们可以利用手机来做对自己有益的事情。应选D。主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“The study linked rising loneliness to a

38、greater use of smartphones and the internet over the same years.（这项研究将这么多年来日益增长的孤独感与更多地使用智 能手机和网络联系起来广可知，这篇文章主要讲述智能手机是孤独感的来源之一。C项“智能手机孤 独的源泉”可以作为本文最正确标题。应选C。（2022山东烟台二中高一期末）New research by Northwestern University is the first to document the effect reactivating （激活）memory during sleep has on face-na

39、me learning.The researchers found that peoples name recall improved significantly when memories of newly learned face-name connections were reactivated while they were sleeping. The key to this improvement was uninterrupted （不间断）deep sleep.“Its a new and exciting finding about sleep, because it tell

40、s us that the way information is reactivated during sleep to improve memory storage is connected with high-quality sleep. That is, targeted memory reactivation of face name learning depends on enough and uninterrupted slow-wave sleep, “ said the research leader Nathan Whitmore.A study was conducted

41、on 24 participants, aged 18 to 31, who were asked to memorize the faces and names of 40 pupils from a Latin American history class and another 40 from a Japanese history class. When each face was shown again, they were asked to produce the name that went with it. After the learning exercise, partici

42、pants took a nap while the researchers carefully monitored brain activity using EEG measurements. When participants reached the “deep sleep “ state, some of the names were softly played on a speaker with music that was connected with one of the classes.When participants woke up, they were retested o

43、n recognizing the faces and recalling the name that went with each face. In those with uninterrupted sleep, the reactivation led to a relative improvement averaging just over 1.5 more names recalled. We already know that some sleep disorders can affect memory,said Whitmore. “Our research suggests a

44、possible explanation for this frequent （频繁的）sleep interruptions at night might be lowering memory.”“ This new line of research will let us address many interesting questions like whether sleep interruption is always harmful or whether it could be used to weaken unwanted memories,said Whitmore. At an

45、y rate, we are increasingly finding good reasons to value high-quality sleep and learn more about the relevant brain functions. 26. What did the new research focus on?The balance between napping and health.The ties between facial features and names.The connections between sleep and memory.The cause-

46、effect between reactivation and learning.What is Whitmores attitude towards the research?A. Uncaring.B. Opposed.C. Doubtful.D. Supportive.Which statement is true about the 24 participants?They were students from different majors.They showed good ability to recognize faces.They performed better after

47、 continuous sleep.They improved identification by EEG checking.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A. Expectations for the future study.B. Concerns about the present research.C. Methods of screening out information.D. Explanations of the activated memory level.【答案】26. CDCA【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文

48、。文章讲述了在睡眠中重新激活信息，可以改善记忆存储的方式。26.细节理解题。根据第二段The researchers found that peoples name recall improved significantly when memories of newly learned face-name connections were reactivated while they were sleeping. The key to this improvement was uninterrupted （不间断）deep sleep （研究人员发现，当人们在睡觉时重新激活新学到的面孔 与名字

49、之间的联系时，他们的名字回忆能力显著提高。这种改善的关键是不间断的深度睡眠）”可知，深度 睡眠时激活先前记忆的内容，记忆能力明显提高，因此可知，该研究的内容是深度睡眠与记忆力之间的 关系。应选C。推理判断题。根据第三段 Whitmore 的话Its a new and exciting finding about sleep, because it tells us that the way information is reactivated during sleep to improve memory storage is connected with high-quality sleep

50、.（这 是关于睡眠的一个令人兴奋的新发现，因为它告诉我们，在睡眠中重新激活信息以改善记忆存储的方式 与高质量的睡眠有关户可知，Whitmore对这一研究表现出极大的兴趣，因为这一研究得出睡眠质量与记 忆有关的重要结论。以此Whitmore对此研究的态度是支持的。应选D。细节理解题。根据第五段“When participants woke up, they were retested on recognizing the faces and recalling the name that went with each face. In those with uninterrupted sleep

51、, the reactivation led to a relative improvement averaging just over 1.5 more names recalled.（当参与者醒来后，他们再次接受了关于识别人脸和 回忆每张脸对应的名字的测试。在那些睡眠不间断的人中，重新激活记忆的行为导致了记忆的相对改 善，平均多记住了 1.5个名字户可知，这些参与者在经过持续不间断的睡眠之后，记忆有所改善。应选 Co主旨大意题。 根据最后段“This new line of research will let us address many interesting questions li

52、ke whether sleep interruption is always harmful or whether it could be used to weaken unwanted memories（这项新 研究将让我们解决许多有趣的问题，比方睡眠中断是否总是有害的，或者它是否可以用来削弱不想要的 记忆户可知，这项新的研究结果激发了 Whitmore对新问题的思考，因此本段主要表达了对未来研究的展 望。应选A。（2022-山东山东高一期末）Unlike thousands of tourists who hike in Yellowstone National Park to admi

53、re its natural landscape and hot springs every year, Abdelrhman Mohamed was traveling with a team of scientists to hunt for life within the hot springs.After several hours of hiking in the Heart Lake Geyser Basin area, the team found four unpolluted pools of hot water. They carefully left a few elec

54、trodes （电极）placed into the land next to the water, hoping to attract little- known creatures out of hiding bacteria 侈出菌）that can eat and breathe “ electricity.After 32 days, the team returned to the hot springs to collect the electrodes. Working with other scientists, Mohamed had a look at the elect

55、rodes and found that they had succeeded in catching their small game: heat- loving bacteria that breathe “ electricity through the hard surface of the electrodes. These tiny creatures are not only of research interest, they may also hold a key to solving some of the biggest challenges facing humans.

56、As a means of fighting environmental pollution and creating more energy sources, such bacteria can eat pollution by changing deadly pollutants into less harmful matter and producing electricity in the process. As these bacteria pass their electrons （电子）into metals or other hard surfaces, they can pr

57、oduce a stream of electricity that can be used fbr low power applications,said Haluk Beyenal, a famous university professor of chemistry.Though the researchers did not detail exactly how they would be continuing their work with the bacteria, it will hopefully lead to an exciting new tool for fightin

58、g climate change and pollution in the near future.Why did the scientists hike in Yellowstone National Park?A. To enjoy its good view.B. To look for fresh water.C. To find the cause of pollution.D. To search for special bacteria.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning this research?A. Its

59、purpose.B. Its finding.C. Its conclusion.D. Its significance.How do such bacteria “ eat ” pollution according to this research?A. By breaking down harmful matter with electricity.B , By creating more energy sources in hot water.C. By using low-power apps for environmental protection.D. By sopping th

60、e pollutants producing electricity.What is the authors attitude towards this research?A. Doubtful.B. Concerned.C. Positive.D. Unfriendly.【答案】30. DAAC【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家在美国黄石公园的温泉中做了一个实验。他们在靠近水面的土地上放置了一些 电极，希望能吸引一种可以“吃和呼吸电的细菌，这种细菌在未来有助于帮助人类对抗气候变化和环境污 染。30.细节理解题。根据第一段Unlike thousands of tourists who h