PostcolonialCriticism后殖民主义批评课件

1、Postcolonial CriticismBy Zhu Weihong第1页，共19页。Postcolonial CriticismDefinitionTheoretical basesRepresentative figuresFurther considerationsPostcolonial criticism in practice第2页，共19页。Postcolonial Criticism-Definition “The term post-colonial studies is applied primarily to analyses of the relationship

2、of power and knowledge, politics and aesthetics, in countries that in the nineteenth and earlier twentieth centuries were administered by England, France, and the United States, particularly the Indian subcontinent, northern and central Africa, and southeast Asia. Post-colonial criticism has focused

3、 on both the literatures developed by these new nations, which are often . . . written in European languages, and on European responses to colonialism in familiar texts by such authors as Joseph Conrad, E. M. Forster, George Orwell, and Albert Camus.” David Richter, ed., The Critical Tradition: Clas

4、sical Texts and Contemporary Trends, 2nd ed. (Boston: Bedford Books, 1998)1216.第3页，共19页。Postcolonial Criticism-Definition “. . . Postcolonial criticism brings an awareness of power relations between Western and Third World cultures . . . . From a postcolonial perspective, Western values and traditio

5、ns of thought and literature . . . are guilty of a repressive ethnocentrism. Models of Western thought . . . or of literature . . . have dominated world culture, marginalizing or excluding non-Western traditions and forms of culture life and expression.” Raman Selden, et al. , eds., A Readers Guide

6、to Contemporary Literary Theory, 4th ed. (Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press; Pearson Education, 2004) 221-22.第4页，共19页。Postcolonial Criticism-Definition “Postcolonial theory has emerged from an interdisciplinary area of study which is concerned with the historical, political, phil

7、osophical, social, cultural and aesthetic structures of colonial domination and resistance; it refers to a way of reading, theorizing, interpreting and investigating colonial oppression and its legacy that is informed by an oppositional ethical agenda .” Julian Wolfrey, ed., Introducing Literary The

8、ories: A Guide and Glossary (Qingdao: China Ocean UP; Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2006) 200-01.第5页，共19页。Postcolonial Criticism-DefinitionImperialism: refers to the domination, usually by direct territorial acquisition or by political and economic control of one society by another.Colonialism: means mor

9、e (compared with imperialism) direct control by settlement and military subjugation.Decolonization: the process or state of colonies winning independence from the colonizing nations.Neocolonialism: new form of the control of the former colonies by imperial powers, characterized by domination of thei

10、r economies by large transnational corporations and their dependence on the export of national resources and the import of manufactured goods.Postcolonialism: a continuation of decolonization carried on in the Western academy, often termed as “Postcolonial Studies”.第6页，共19页。Postcolonial Criticism Th

11、eoretical BasesGramscis concept of “hegemony”Foucaults theory of discourse as powerDerridas deconstructionist theoryGramsciFoucaultDerrida第7页，共19页。Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) -HegemonyTwo ways of capitalist control: coercion and assimilationHegemony is cultural or intellectual dominationof one schoo

12、l of thought or ideology over another (others).第8页，共19页。Michel Foucault (1926-1984) -Discourse as power* “Discourse” is a set of “rules” which determines the sorts of statements that can be made, “a system that defines the possibility for knowledge,” or the criteria for truth. This determination is

13、“power”, which produces classification of knowledge and defines our understanding.* “There is no power relation without the correlative constitution of a field of knowledge, nor any knowledge that does not presuppose and constitute at the same time power relations.”第9页，共19页。Knowledge/Power第10页，共19页。

14、Knowledge/Power第11页，共19页。Jacques Derrida (1930-) -Deconstructionist Theory * Derridas deconstruction of the binary oppositions in the Western metaphysical tradition* Western metaphysics is “the white mythology which reassembles and reflects the culture of the West: the white man takes his own mythol

15、ogy, Indo-European mythology, his own logos, . . . as the universal form of that he must still wish to call Reason . . .”第12页，共19页。Postcolonial Criticism -Representative figuresFrantz Omar Fanon Edward SaidGayatri Chakravorty SpivakHomi Bhabha Fanon Said Spivak Bhabha第13页，共19页。Frantz Fanon (1925-196

16、1)第14页，共19页。Edward Said (1935-2003)* “Orientalism” depends on a culturally constructed distinction between “the Occident” and “the Orient”. * The Orientalirrational, depraved, childlike, different The Occidentalrational, virtuous, mature, normal* The “worldliness” of the text第15页，共19页。Gayatri Chakra

17、vorty Spivak (1942-)“Can the subaltern speak?” (1988) Subalternthe lowest strata of the urban subproletariate or everything that has limited or no access to the cultural imperialism第16页，共19页。 Homi Bhabha (1949-)“mimicry” (模拟) “hybridity”(杂糅)第17页，共19页。Further ConsiderationsPostcolonialism in the plural formInternal Colonialism, Multiculturalism, M