Application of High-Throughput Technology

1、High-Throughput ExperimentationDutch Polymer Institute (DPI)High-Throughput Experimentation (HTE) and combinatorial materials research (CMR) open the way to the rapid construction of libraries of polymers, blends and materials with a systematic variation of composition. Detailed characterisation of

2、such libraries will help to develop in-depth understanding of structure-property relationships. In the long term, a kind of materials informatics is envisioned that will allow the design and preparation of tailor-made materials and devices with predetermined properties based on previously establishe

3、d structure-property relationships. The main focus will be on creating and applying full workflows, covering the design of experiments, automated and parallel synthesis, fast structural characterisation, preparation of thin-film libraries, fast and efficient investigation of macroscopic polymer and

4、material properties, formulation, up-scaling, combinatorial compounding, processing and complete data-handling, data-mining and modelling. DPIs unique combination of leading industries and academic partners provides an excellent basis for successful output. It also guarantees speed in the pre-compet

5、itive evaluation of the new (platform) technologies and rapid transfer into commercial R&D programmes of the industrial partners. At the same time, considerable efforts will be made to educate students and postdoctorate graduates in the use of HTE and CMR approaches in polymer and materials science.

6、SubprogrammesSynthesis, Catalysis & FormulationThe research in this sub-cluster focuses on the preparation of libraries of (co)polymers and formulations as a basis for the determination of structure-property relationships. The polymer synthesis within the cluster focuses on living and controlled pol

7、ymerisations that allow the preparation of well-defined polymers with systematic structural variation. Besides fundamental research on the use of microwave irradiation, feasibility studies are performed on up-scaling microwave-assisted polymerization procedures. In addition to fast synthesis and for

8、mulation platforms, the incorporation of high-throughput screening techniques for e.g. molar mass, polymerisation kinetics and thermal and surface properties is investigated. The current high-throughput experimentation workflow is used for the optimisation of polymerisation methods and the synthesis

9、 of libraries of (co)polymers based on 2-oxazolines, (meth)acrylates, styrenics, cyclic esters and, in collaboration with the Polyolefin Technology Area, the synthesis of polyolefins. There is a strong emphasis on the development of a complete high-throughput workflow including parallel synthesis an

10、d high-throughput screening using for example automated hightemperature size exclusion chromatography. The existing high-throughput workflow has been further expanded to include capabilities for polymer wateruptake screening and polymer solubility screening. Therefore, the synthesis efforts have bee

11、n intensified in the direction of water-soluble polymers.Automated parallel synthesis (HTE) 2-Oxazolines can be polymerized by a living polymerization technique (cationic ring opening polymerization), which facilitates an easy access to block copolymers. Block copolymers as well as homo polymers fro

12、m poly(oxazoline)s are used in a variety of different applications and exhibit economic potential. The screening for suitable monomers, initiators and termination agents, the variation of temperature and monomer/initiator ratios (molecular weight) and the combination of monomers as building blocks f

13、or copolymers strongly favor an automated parallel synthesis approach. Homopolymers and random copolymers of methyl-, ethyl-, nonyl- and phenyl-2-oxazoline were successfully prepared in automated synthesizers. The liquid-handling unit of the synthesizer (see picture) realizes the full automation and

14、 acceleration of the polymerization recipe, special heating reactors enable the determination of activation energies in a single polymerization run and online GC and GPC set-ups (see picture) makes kinetic data easily accessible.高通量筛选简介高通量筛选High throughput screening，HTS技术是指以分子水平和细胞水平的实验方法为根底，以微板形式作为

15、实验工具载体，以自动化操作系统执行试验过程，以灵敏快速的检测仪器采集实验结果数据，以计算机分析处理实验数据，在同一时间检测数以千万的样品，并以得到的相应数据库支持运转的技术体系，它具有微量、快速、灵敏和准确等特点。高通量筛选特点高通量筛选时每天要对数以千万的样品进行检测，工作枯燥，步骤单一，操作人员容易疲劳、出错。自动化操作系统由计算机及其操作软件、自动化加样设备、温孵离心设备和堆栈4个局部组成。自动化操作系统代替人工操作显然有诸多优势，它利用计算机通过操作软件控制整个实验过程，编程过程简洁明了。 /view/3747750.htm适用于催化剂和发光材料研究的并行合成和高通量表征技术鲍骏，高琛

16、，黄孙祥等(1.中国科学技术大学国家同步辐射实验室，安徽 合肥230029； 2.中国科学技术大学合肥微尺度物质科学国家实验室，安徽 合肥230026) 摘要：介绍了作者课题组近年来所开展的适用于催化材料和发光材料研究的并行合成和高通量表征技术，以及在新材料筛选方面开展的工作。在并行合成方面包括组合喷射合成仪、微型阵列式溶液燃烧技术以及结合四元掩模和连续掩模的磁控溅射和脉冲激光沉积系统；高通量表征局部包括真空紫外荧光照相系统和组合光谱扫描仪、红外热成像筛选装置和同步辐射红外光谱成像系统。最后，简要介绍了利用所开展的组合技术在稀土聚合物敏化发光材料、真空紫外荧光材料以及可见光响应光催化材料方面开

17、展的工作。关键词：组合材料学；并行合成；高通量表征；催化剂；发光材料?现代化工?2006年第8期用组合化学法发现和优化催化剂的研究戴琪秀 肖海原 李文生 周小平湖南大学化学化工学院摘要：组合化学是一种高速研究方法,早期被用于药物筛选和有机合成中。近年来组合化学研究方法已经被应用于材料科学研究的各个领域。早期的研究工作可以追索到大约1994年,那时我们在Symyx Technologies Inc.尝试作把组合化学应用于材料化学研究的各个领域,其中有催化剂、超导材料、光电材料、热电材料、高分子材料、生化材料?第一届全国化学工程与生物化工年会论文摘要集(上)?2004High throughput

18、 materials research and development: a growing effort at NISTJohn D. Hewes a and Leonid A. Benderskyba Chemistry and Life Sciences Office, Advanced Technology Program, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 4730, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-4730, USAb Materials Science and E

19、ngineering Laboratory, Metallurgy Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 8555, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8555, USACorresponding author. Tel.: +1-301-975-5416/548-1087; email: AbstractThe US private sector has indicated that the National Institute of Standards and

20、 Technology (NIST) has a role to play in facilitating the implementation of high throughput experimentation, e.g. using combinatorial methods. The Advanced Technology Program (ATP) is currently funding research projects in high throughput discovery of catalysts, electronic materials, and polymer coa

21、tings internally and externally to NIST. The NIST Measurement and Standards Laboratories (MSL) is actively pursuing research in electronic materials and organic polymers. This presentation presents details on these efforts at NIST.Author Keywords: Combinatorial methods; High throughput screeningAppl

22、ied Surface Science, Volume 189, Issues 3-4, 28 April 2002, Pages 196-204Experimental Strategies for Combinatorial and High-Throughput Materials DevelopmentJames N. CawseCombinatorial Chemistry Program, GE Corporate R&D, General Electric Company, P.O. Box 8, Schenectady, New York 12301AbstractAs hig

23、h-throughput experimental techniques have become common in the area of materials research, entirely new types of experimental strategies have appeared. The kinds of problems, the desired outcomes, and the appropriate patterns are significantly different from those associated with conventional experi

24、mentation. Classical experimental design (design of experiments, DOE) strategies grew up in a period of slow, laborious, error-prone experimentation; a modern high-throughput laboratory can test more materials in a week than was previously done in a year. The goal of this Account is to identify and

25、critically discuss some of the strategies that are being developed and used in this new, exciting area of research.Dr. James N. Cawse graduated from Wesleyan University in 1967 and received his Ph.D. in chemistry from Stanford University in 1973. After six years with Union Carbide in South Charlesto

26、n, WV, he joined GE Plastics in Pittsfield, MA, as a process development chemist. His career gradually shifted from chemistry to statistics, and in 1990 he led the applied statistics program at GE Plastics. When GE began the Six-Sigma quality program, he immediately became a Black Belt Instructor. I

27、n 1998 he moved to GE Corporate R&D in Schenectady, NY, as the data team leader for the combinatorial chemistry program. He has published 17 papers and holds 5 patents.Accounts of Chemical Research, 2001, 34 (3), pp 213221Combinatorial polymer research and high-throughput experimentation: powerful t

28、ools for the discovery and evaluation of new materialsMichael A. R. Meier and Ulrich S. SchubertPolymer chemistry is very well suited for combinatorial approaches since a large parameter space has to be covered during synthesis, processing, blending or compounding. Moreover, a large variety of param

29、eters need to be screened in order to evaluate structureproperty relationships and to accelerate the design and development of new materials. Therefore, high-throughput experimentation and combinatorial approaches in polymer science have gained large attraction during the past few years since they m

30、ight lead to shorter time-to-market periods for new polymeric materials as well as to a more profound understanding of quantitative structureproperty relationships (QSPRs).J. Mater. Chem., 2004, 14, 3289-3299Hunting for better catalysts and materials-combinatorial chemistry and high throughput techn

31、ologyJens Scheidtmanna, Pierre A. Weia and Wilhelm F. Maiera, ba Max-Planck-Institut fr Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mlheim an der Ruhr, Germanyb Universitt des Saarlandes, Saarbrcken, GermanyAbstractCombinatorial chemistry and high throughput experimentation are key words, which

32、 represent a new field of chemistry, where through systematic combination of building blocks or chemical elements large numbers of new compounds are generated, characterized and tested in an automated fashion. It contradicts the conventional one-at-a-time approach by allowing the highly parallelized

33、 or rapid sequential study of hundreds, even thousands of molecules or materials in a single experiment. It offers to save time and costs for research and development. High throughput experimentation is rapidly entering industrial laboratories, while academia still remains hesitant and even opposed.

34、Author Keywords: Catalysts; Combinatorial; New materials; High-throughputHigh-Throughput Synthesis and Characterization of Bulk Ceramics from Dry PowdersTobias A. Stegk, Rolf Janssen and Gerold A. SchneiderInstitute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, D-21073 Hamburg, GermanyAbst

35、ractA high-throughput experimental (HTE) setup using conventional powders as raw materials was developed to synthesize and characterize ceramic bulk samples avoiding the customary liquid- or vapor-phase synthesis routes. Its functionality was verified using the well-known binary material system ZrO2

36、Y2O3. Libraries of 0.5 mol % yttria resolution were prepared using varying boundary systems as well as a number of liquid mixing aids. Automated powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was applied to check the monoclinic phase content retained after heat-treatment on various positions for each sample. This p

37、hase information was used for comparison with a reference library comprising conventionally prepared samples by means of a regression analysis and mean deviation of monoclinic phase percentage. Out of the eight HTE libraries, three showed a significant comparability to the reference library.J. Comb.

38、 Chem., 2021, 10 (2), pp 274279Directed Development of High-Performance Membranes via High-Throughput and Combinatorial StrategiesMetin Bulut, Lieven E. M. Gevers, Johan S. Paul, Ivo F. J. Vankelecom, and Pierre A. JacobsCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioengineering Science,

39、Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Leuven, BelgiumAbstractCombinatorial strategies are for the first time applied in membrane technology and prove to be a powerful new tool in the search for novel membrane materials. The selected system for this study is a polyimide solven

40、t-resistant nanofiltration membrane prepared via phase inversion. The phase inversion process is a typical membrane synthesis procedure involving a large number of compositional components, which can each be varied in a wide concentration range. The optimization of the membrane dope composition was

41、performed using evolutionary optimization via genetic algorithms. Compared with the best commercially available membranes, a substantially improved membrane performance could be realized, both on the level of membrane selectivity and on that of permeability. The miniaturized high-throughput synthesi

42、s procedure could be scaled up successfully when the polymer dope was sufficiently viscous. It can be anticipated that application of combinatorial techniques can potentially lead to major improvements in all fields of membrane technology, for example water treatment, gas separation, and dialysis, n

43、ot only on the compositional level but also for instance on the level of membrane synthesis posttreatment and operational conditions.J. Comb. Chem., 2006, 8 (2), pp 168173High Throughput Screening to Modify Surface Properties and Obtain High Performance MembranesMingyan Zhou1, James E. Kilduff1 and

44、Georges Belfort21 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 121802 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180AbstractA novel high throughput method for synthesis and screening of feed-specific

45、fouling-resistant surfaces was developed. The method combines a high throughput platform (HTP) together with photo (UV)-assisted graft polymerization (PGP) of vinyl monomers to commercial poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes. This new HTP-PGP method was used to discover new surfaces able to resist me

46、mbrane fouling by natural organic matter (NOM) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Several surfaces, including grafted amides, amines, and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylates (PEG-MAs) produced excellent surfaces for both feeds. Grafted zwitterion surfaces appeared to work better for NOM fe

47、eds. With a few exceptions, our findings are consistent with known attributes of protein-resistant surfaces. Such exceptions include grafted quaternary amine and grafted carboxylic monomer surfaces that worked well for NOM (but not for BSA) and an aromatic monomer worked well for BSA but not for NOM

48、.New Membranes and Advanced Materials for Wastewater Treatment, Chapter 13, pp 209218High-Throughput Membrane Surface Modification to Control NOM FoulingMingyan Zhou, Hongwei Liu, James E. Kilduff, Robert Langer, Daniel G. Anderson and Georges BelfortDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering

49、, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590.Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachu

50、setts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590AbstractA novel method for synthesis and screening of fouling-r

51、esistant membrane surfaces was developed by combining a high-throughput platform (HTP) approach together with photoinduced graft polymerization (PGP) for facile modification of commercial poly(aryl sulfone) membranes. This method is an inexpensive, fast, simple, reproducible, and scalable approach t

52、o identify fouling-resistant surfaces appropriate for a specific feed. In this research, natural organic matter (NOM)-resistant surfaces were synthesized and indentified from a library of 66 monomers. Surfaces were prepared via graft polymerization onto poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes and were e

53、valuated using an assay involving NOM adsorption, followed by pressure-driven filtration. In this work new and previously tested low-fouling surfaces for NOM are identified, and their ability to mitigate NOM and protein (bovine serum albumin) fouling is compared. The best-performing monomers were th

54、e zwitterion 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyldimethyl-(3- sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide, and diacetone acrylamide, a neutral monomer containing an amide group. Other excellent surfaces were synthesized from amides, amines, basic monomers, and long-chain poly(ethylene) glycols. Bench-scale studies conducted

55、 for selected monomers verified the scalability of HTP-PGP results. The results and the synthesis and screening method presented here offer new opportunities for choosing new membrane chemistries that minimize NOM fouling.Environ. Sci. Technol., 2021, 43 (10), pp 38653871Combinatorial Methods, Autom

56、ated Synthesis and High-Throughput Screening in Polymer Research: Past and PresentRichard Hoogenboom, Michael A. R. Meier, Ulrich S. SchubertKeywords: automated synthesis; combinatorial chemistry; high-throughput screening; materials; polymersAbstractCombinatorial techniques, parallel experimentatio

57、n and high-throughput methods represent a very promising approach in order to speed up the preparation and investigation of new polymeric materials: a large variety of parameters can be screened simultaneously resulting in new structure/property relationships. The field of polymer research seems to

58、be perfectly suited for parallel and combinatorial methods due to the fact that many parameters can be varied during synthesis, processing, blending as well as compounding. In addition, numerous important parameters have to be investigated, such as molecular weight, polydispersity, viscosity, hardne

59、ss, stiffness and other application-specific properties. A number of corresponding high-throughput techniques have been developed in the last few years and their introduction into the commercial market further boosted the development. These combinatorial approaches can reduce the time-to-market for

60、new polymeric materials drastically compared to traditional approaches and allow a much more detailed understanding of polymers from the macroscopic to the nanoscopic scale. Here we provide an overview of the present status of combinatorial and parallel polymer synthesis and high-throughput screenin