初中英语语法复习-现在完成时课件

1、九年级第一单元语法复习现在完成时现在完成时1.用法2.基本结构3.基本句型变化（一般疑问句，否定句，特殊疑问句）4.关键词He is full now .He has had a big breakfast.用法1.过去某一时间点发生的动作对现在产生影响。一.用法：现在完成时主要表示现在与过去的关系。过去现在将来Ive already read that book.我已经读过那本书。Youre too late；the train has just left.你来得太完了，火车刚开走。表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着；也可不用时间状语：It has just snowed.刚刚下过雪。（地上有

2、积雪）I have lost my watch.我把手表丢了。（现在仍未找到）The concert has started. We have to look for our seats in the dark.音乐会已经开始了，我们得在黑暗中找座位。The presidents sudden death has left the country leaderless.总统突然去世，使该国处于无领袖状态。A: _ your brother _ his homework yet? (finish)B: Yes, he s already done it.Key wordsHas finished

3、 yet already 注意：already 用于肯定句“已经”， yet 用于疑问句和否定句中“已经，尚，还”。A: _ you ever _ to the park? ( be )B: No, never. Key wordsHave been yet already ever never 注意： ever “曾经 ” 用于疑问句中 never “从不 ” 带有否定意义I _ just _ the desk, you can take it to your classroom . (mend )Key wordshave mended yet ever never just alread

4、y Just 刚刚 与现在完成时连用 一般置句中Just now 刚才 与一般过去时连用I have learned English for ten yearsI have learned English since 2011.用法2.过去某一时间点发生的动作持续 到现在或还将持续下去。Tom _ in the factory since he left school ten years ago. (work )Key wordshas worked since since 后面带过去时间或有一般过去时的句子 since for He has been busy since last week

5、.自上个星期以来他一直很忙。Key words since since 后面+时间点 since for Key wordsHe has taught in our school 30 years ago.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。 since since+时间段+ago since for We _ only _ 100 trees so far. (answer ) Key words have planted yet ever never since for just already so far 到目前为止二.基本结构The present perfect tensehave /

6、has + done 助动词 （可以帮助构成肯定、疑问和否定句）过去分词 1.规则动词过去分词的构成（过去分词和过去式的变化规则是一样的) 1:一般在动词末尾加-ed. looklooked openopened playplayed borrowborrowed 2:以e结尾的动词加-d. useused livelived dancedanced reciterecited 3:以 “辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先变y为i 再加-ed. studystudied carrycarried trytried worryworried 4:末尾只有一个辅音的重读闭音节,先双写该辅音字母,再加-e

7、d.( fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写，为fixed. ) stopstopped planplanned词尾-ed的读音1.在浊辅音和元音后面发 /d/ . called borrowed closed moved2.在清辅音后面发 /t/ . finished cooked helped watched 3.在/t/ /d/ 后面发 /id/ . wanted needed recited waitedlookplaystartliveusestopchatcarryworrylooked looked played played started startedlived livedus

8、ed usedstopped stoppedchatted chattedcarried carriedworried worried原形-过去式-过去分词2.不规则动词过去式、过去分词归类表一、AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）二、 AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）三、 ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）四、 ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）五、 ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形） 英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加-ed构成，而不规则动词的变化因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发

9、现其中的“规则”。为方便同学们记忆，现将初中英语常见的不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。初中英语不规则动词巧记法(一）一、AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost（花费） cost cost cut（割） cut cuthit (打;碰撞) hit hithurt (伤害） hurt hurtlet（让） let let put（放） put putread（读） readred/ read red/set (放置 ) set setshut (关闭） shut shut二、 AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）beat（跳动） beat beaten三、 ABA型（

10、动词原形与过去分词同形）become（变成） became become come（来） came comerun（跑） ran run四、 ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）get（得到） got gothang（吊死） hanged hanged hang（悬挂） hung hunghold（抓住） held held sit（坐） sat sat babysit(临时照顾）babysat babysatwin （赢） won won meet（遇见） met met keep （保持） kept kept sleep（睡） slept slept sweep（扫） swept swept

11、feel（感觉） felt felt leave（离开） left left build（建设） built built send （传送） sent sent spend（花费） spent spent lose （丢失） lost lost burn （燃烧） burnt / burned burnt / burned dream (做梦） dreamt / dreamed dreamt / dreamed learn（学习） learnt / learned learnt / learnedlight （点燃） lit/lighted lit / lightedsmell （嗅；闻）sm

12、elt / smelled smelt / smelled speed (加速） sped/speeded sped / speededspell （拼写） spelt/spelled spelt / spelled burn （燃烧） burnt / burned burnt / burned dream (做梦） dreamt / dreamed dreamt / dreamed learn（学习） learnt / learned learnt / learnedlight （点燃） lit/lighted lit / lightedsmell （嗅；闻）smelt / smelled

13、smelt / smelled speed (加速） sped/speeded sped / speededspell （拼写） spelt/spelled spelt / spelled mean（意思是） meant meant catch（抓住） caught caughtteach（教） taught taught bring（带来） brought broughtfight （战斗） fought fought buy（买） bought bought think（想） thought thought hear （听见） heard heardsell（卖） sold sold te

14、ll（告诉） told told五、 ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）begin（开始） began begun drink（喝） drank drunkring（铃响） rang rung sing （唱） sang sungswim（游泳） swam swum draw（画） drew drawn fly（飞） flew flownshow（出示） showed shownbreak（打破） broke broken forget（忘记） forgot forgotten (forgot) speak（说，讲) spoke spokendrive（驾驶） drove dri

15、veneat（吃） ate eaten fall（落下） fell fallenshake (震动） shook shakengive（给） gave given take（取） took taken mistake（弄错） mistook mistakenride（骑） rode ridden write（写） wrote writtendo（做） did done go（去） went gonelie（平躺） lay lain see（看见） saw seenwear（穿） wore wornbe ( am, is, are )（是） was, were been 同学们还可将不规则动词分

16、为 若干组，以便准确记忆。初中英语不规则动词巧记法（二）1.i-a-u: beginbegan-begun drinkdrank-drunk ringrang-rung singsang-sung sinksank-sunk swim-swam-swum2.ow-ew-+n: grow-grew-grown know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown blow-blew-blown fly-flew-flown draw-drew-drawn3.i-o-+n:drive-drove-driven ride-rode-ridden rise-rose-risen wri

17、te-wrote-written4.改d为t:spend-spent-spent build-built-builtlend-lent-lent send-sent-sent5.eao-+n:break-broke-broken speak-spoke-spoken6.以-aught为结尾的： teach-taught-taught catch-caught-caught7.以-ought为结尾的： buy-bought-bought think-thought-thought bring-broughtbrought8. 改y为i再加d的： pay-paid-paid say-said-sa

18、id lay(生蛋）-laid-laid9.去e加-t: keep-kept -kept sweep-swept -swept sleep-slept-slept10.不变的： cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut put-put-put hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let hit-hit-hit set-set-set shut-shut-shut read-read-read11.减一个字母的： meet-met-met leave-left-left have-had-had hide-hid-hidden12.加一个字母的： hear-heard-he

19、ard learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant spoil-spoilt-spoilt13.改一个字母的： make-made-made lose-lost-lost get-got-got hold-held-held spill-spilt-spilt smellsmeltsmelt win-won-won fall-fell-fallen feel-felt-felt14.改为oo-再加n的： take-took-taken shake-shook-shaken mistakemistook-mistaken15.改为oo的： stand-stood-s

20、tood understand-understood-understood16.改i为a型的： sit-sat-sat spit-spat-spat17.以old为结尾的： tell-told-told sell-sold-sold 三.现在完成时的句型变化1.He has already cleaned his room. (改写成一般疑问句）Has he cleaned his room yet?2. They have already come back from work. (改写成否定句）They havent come back from work yet.4. He has be

21、en to China, _ _? （写出反义疑问句部分）hasnt he 3. She has lived in London for four years. (划线部分提问）How long has she lived in London?短暂性动词不能与for/since连用 He has bought the book. He has bought the book for a week. He has had the book for a week. buyhavecome /go/get tobe injoin be inbe a memberleave be away borro

22、w keep begin be on finish be over die be dead return be back 短暂性动词与时段连用处理问题Please point out any mistakes and correctShe has bought the computer for two years.hadbuyhave/has hadPlease point out any mistakes and correctHow long have you come to the United States？ been income tohave/has been inbuyhave/

23、has hadPlease point out any mistakes and correctAnn has gone to China since three months ago.been income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inPlease point out any mistakes and correctMy brother has joined the army for five years. been inbeen a soldier come tohave/has been inbuyhave/

24、has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier Please point out any mistakes and correctI have left Shanghai for 3 days. been awaycome tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a sold

25、ier leave have/has been away Please point out any mistakes and correctI have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago . kept come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept Ple

26、ase point out any mistakes and correctThe film has begun for 10 minutes. been on come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on Please point out any mis

27、takes and correctThe concert has finished for half an hour. been over come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on finish have/has been over Please po

28、int out any mistakes and correctHis dog has died for two years . been dead come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on finish have/has been over die

29、have/has been dead 比较 区别 have been to have gone to have been in去过某地已经回来常与ever, never,once,twice,连用 一直留在某地与for / since连用用how long 提问去了某地还没回来只用于第三人称 Her sister _ Australia,She left this morning.has gone to can you distinguish? have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in去过常与ever, never,once,twic

30、e,连用 在与时间段连用用how long 提问去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称 A: Where is Bob ?B: He _ Japan with his sister. has gone to can you distinguish? have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in去过常与ever, never,once,twice,连用 在与时间段连用用how long 提问去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称 A: How long _ you _ China? B: I _ here for 3 years. have been

31、have been in can you distinguish? have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in去过常与ever, never,once,twice,连用 在与时间段连用用how long 提问去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称 A: _ you ever _ the city ? B: No , never .Have been to 一般过去时与现在完成时区别 We _ each other since childhood . We _ each other when we were young . know have

32、known knew The past tense or the present perfect tense I _ him just now . (see) I _ just _ my pen. (lose) saw have lost The past tense or the present perfect tense How long _ you _ in the United states ? (live) When _ you _ here ? (move) have did move lived The past tense or the present perfect tense A: When_ you _ the film ? B: I _ it two months ago. (see) The writer _ several story-books since 5 years ago. (write) did has written see saw 1、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系。2: