在策略家庭疗法中先进技术应用和特殊考虑

1、在策略家庭疗法中先进技术应用和特殊考虑What is a Family Life Cycle Perspective?一种家庭生命周期观点是什么？Views symptoms and dysfunction in relation to normal functioning over time 就一段时间考虑症状和机能障碍关于正常的发挥Views therapy as helping to reestablish the familys developmental momentum 将疗法认为是帮助再一次建立家庭的发展的势头What is a Family Life Cycle Perspec

2、tive?一种家庭生命周期观点是什么？The family is more than the sum of its parts. 家庭是其部分的超过总数。The individual life cycle takes place within the family life cycle, which is the primary context of human development. 单独的生命周期在家庭生命周期之内发生，这人类发展的主要的背景The Stages Of The Intact Middle-Class American Family Life Cycle 完整的中间课美国人

3、家庭生命周期的阶段The central underlying process to be negotiated is the expansion, contraction, and realignment of the relationship system to support the entry, exit, and development of family members in a functional way. 被谈判的中心的奠定基础的过程扩展，收缩，和重新排列关系系统。按照一种功能的方式支持家庭成员的进入，出口，和发展Life cycle changes require a se

4、cond order change. 命周期改变要求“第二个命令改变”。Two Cautions: 两个警告A rigid application of psychological ideas to the “normal” life cycle can have a detrimental effect if it promotes anxious self-scrutiny that raises fears that deviating from the norms is pathological. “正常”生命周期如果它促进提高偏离标准是病理的的惧怕的焦虑自我详细审查，心理的想法的严格

5、的应用能有一种有害的结果。Overemphasizing the uniqueness of the “brave new world” faced by each new generation, can create a sense of historical discontinuity by devaluing the role of parenthood and rendering meaningless the relationship between generations. 过度强调特殊”新的世界的勇士”脸每一个新的产生，传递父母的个人的状态的角色贬值并且使与每一代的关系不较有意义

6、的关系6 Stages Of The Intact Middle-Class American Family Life Cycle家庭生命周期的6个阶段1. The Launching of the Single Young Adult 单一的年轻成年人的启动2. The Joining of Families Through Marriage: The Couple 家庭的加入通过婚姻： 夫妇3. Becoming Parents: Families with Young Children 成为父母： 带有年轻孩子的家庭4. The Transformation of the Family

7、System in Adolescence 家庭系统的转换在青春期中5. Families at Mid-life: Launching Children and Moving On 中间生活的家庭： 在上发动孩子和活动6. The Family in Later Life 在较稍后的生活中的家庭The Launching of the Single Young Adult单一的年轻成年人的启动Adequate completion of this stage requires that the young adult separate from the family of origin wi

8、thout cutting off or fleeing reactively to a substitute emotional refuge. This is a time to formulate life goals and become a “self”. 这个阶段的充分的完成要求年轻成年人把与起源的家庭分开没有把反应切断或者逃离到一种替代品情绪的避难所。这是阐明生活目标的一时间并且成为一“自我”。In the past this phase was denied to women in American society. 在过去这个阶段被否认达到美国人社会中的妇女Cutoffs (

9、Bowen, 1978) never resolve emotional relationships and that young adults who cut off their parents do so reactively and are in fact still emotionally bound to rather than independent of the family “program”. 近路( Bowen，1978 )从不解决切断他们的父母并且是事实上的情绪的关系和那年轻成年人这样做反应仍然情绪上跳跃到而非不依赖于家庭“计划”。Therapy at this stag

10、e often involves coaching young adults to reengage with their parents in a new way that accomplishes the shifting of their status in the system. 这个阶段的疗法经常包括辅导年轻成年人与他们的父母按照完成变换他们的系统中的状态的一种新的方式再从事The Joining of Families Through Marriage: The Couple 家庭的加入通过婚姻： 夫妇 Marriage tends to be misunderstood as a

11、 joining of two individuals. W hat it really represents is the changing of two entire systems and a overlapping to develop a third subsystem. 婚姻的概念作为加入两个个体错误地被理解。它确实代表的东西两个整个的系统的和重叠发展第三个子系统 Problems reflecting the inability to shift family status are usually indicated by defective boundaries around

12、the new subsystem. In-laws may be too intrusive or couples may cut themselves off too tightly. 变换家庭状态反映无能为力的问题通常在新的子系统周围被有缺点的边界表明。姻亲可能是太侵入的或者夫妇可能太严紧地切割他们自己 It is useful at this stage to help the system to move to a new definition of itself (second order change) rather than get lost in the details of

13、 incremental shifts they may be struggling over (sex, money, time etc.) 它是有用在这个帮助系统移动到自己第二命令的一个新的定义的阶段Becoming Parents: Families with Young Children 成为父母： 带有年轻孩子的家庭The shift to this stage requires that adults now move up a generation to become caretakers to a younger generation. 对于这个阶段的变换要求成年人现在移动上产

14、生成为对年轻一代的管理员Typically problems occur when parents cannot make this shift and struggle with each other about taking responsibility, or refusal or inability to behave as parents of their children. 当父母不能做这变换并且奋斗时，问题典型地发生彼此关于承担责任起他们的孩子的父母的作用，或者拒绝或者无能为力Child centered problems are usually addressed by hel

15、ping parents gain a view of themselves as part of a new generational level with specific responsibilities and tasks in relation to the next level of the family. 孩子集中问题通常被帮助父母作为一个新的世代水平的一部分赢得对他们自己的一种想法有具体的责任和任务关于家庭的下一个水平解决Sexual dysfunction and depression are common symptoms of problems at this level

16、. 性的机能障碍和低落是在这个水平的问题的共同症状The Transformation of the Family System in Adolescence家庭系统的转换在青春期中Families with adolescents must establish qualitatively different boundaries than families with younger children 带有青少年的家庭必须与较年轻孩子建立比家庭定性不同的边界Boundaries must now be permeable. Parents can no longer maintain comp

17、lete authority. 边界肯定现在是可渗透的。父母不再能保持完全的权威Families that become derailed at this stage may be rather closed to new values and threatened by them and they are frequently stuck in an earlier view of their children. 在这个阶段变得出轨并且被他们和他们威胁的家庭可能相当接近新的价值经常地被粘贴在对他们的孩子的一种较稍早的想法中“Mid-life-crisis” is often an issue

18、 for parents of adolescents at this stage. “中间生活危机”经常在这个阶段是青少年的父母的一个问题Families at Mid-life: Launching Children and Moving On 中间生活的家庭： 在上发动孩子和活动The most significant aspect of this phase is that it is marked by the greatest number of exits and entries of family members. It begins with the launching of

19、 grown children and proceeds with entry of their spouses and children. It is a time when older parents are often becoming ill or dying. 这个阶段的最重要的方面是它特征是家庭成员的大量的出口和输入。它从启动成长的孩子开始并且继续进行他们的配偶和孩子的进入。这是较老的父母经常变得生病或者死去的一时间。The Family in Later Life在较稍后的生活中的家庭Adjustment to retirement is a task at this stage

20、, which not only may create a vacuum for the retiring person, but also puts a special strain on the marriage. 对退休的调整在这个阶段是一种任务，这可能为了退休的人不仅创造一种真空，也将一种特殊的紧张放在婚姻上Difficulty in making the status changes required for this phase of life are reflected in older family members refusal to relinquish some of t

21、heir power. 在制定对这个生活的阶段是需要的的状态改变中的困难在较老的家庭成员拒绝放弃一些他们的力量中被反映Major Variations and Issues In The Family Life Cycle在“家庭生命周期中的超过一个问题Divorce, Infidelity, Violence and Remarriage 婚，失真，暴力，再婚姻Family Life Cycle of the Poor 家庭生命周期”贫穷的Cultural Variation 文化的变体Divorce and Remarriage离婚和再婚姻The largest variation fro

22、m the life cycle is divorce. With a divorce rate of 50% and re-divorce at 61% (Glick, 1984), divorce in the American family is close to the point at which it will occur in the majority of families. 来自生命周期的最大的变化是离婚。具有50%的一次离婚率和在61% ( Glick，1984 )的再离婚。在美国家庭中的离婚中肯切题是密切的在其中它将在家庭的大多数中发生Divorce can be vie

23、wed as a dislocation or interruption of the traditional family life cycle. 离婚能作为一种中断传统的家庭生命周期被察看Cutoffs are emotionally harmful, and therapist should work to help divorcing couples continue to relate as cooperative parents and to permit maximum feasible contact between children and natural parents a

24、nd grandparents. 近路情绪上有害，而治疗人员应该工作帮助离婚夫妇继续作为合作的父母相关并且许可孩子和自然父母和祖父母之间的最大限度切实可行的联系。It takes 2 years for a family to readjust to its new structure after divorce. 它为了一个家庭花费2年在离婚之后再调整成为其新的结构。Cultural Variation 文化的变体Most descriptions of the typical family life cycle fail to convey the considerable effects

25、 of ethnicity and religion on all aspects of the family life cycle. 大多数典型的家庭生命周期的描述没能传达种族的大量的结果和所有家庭生命周期的若干方面的宗教。System Stressors: Vertical Flow 系统中的压力的原因Vertical Flow (transgenerational flow) in a system includes patterns of relating and functioning that are transmitted down the generations of a fa

26、mily primarily through the mechanism of emotional triangling (Bowen, 1978). This includes family attitudes, taboos, expectations, labels, and loaded issues. 在一个系统中的垂直的流动(代流动)包括相关和发挥作用的模式主要沿着一个家庭的代通过情绪的三角形( Bowen，1978 )的机制被传送。这包括家庭态度，禁忌，期望，标签，和装载问题。System Stressors: Horizontal Flow系统中的压力的原因：水平流动Horiz

27、ontal Flow (developmental flow) in the system includes the anxiety produced by the stresses on the family as it moves forward through time coping with the changes and transitions of the family life cycle. This includes both the predictable developmental issues and the unpredictable. Given enough str

28、ess on the horizontal axis, any family will appear extremely dysfunctional. 当它向前穿过对付家庭生命周期的改变和转变过渡的时间时，在系统中的水平流动(发展的流动)包括被家庭的压力生产的忧虑。这包括可预见的发展的问题和无法预言的。在水平轴上假定足够压力，任何家庭将出现极端并非功能Strategic and Systemic Couples Therapy Techniques and Interventions: Listening to the Research战略和全身的“夫妇疗法”技术： 听研究John K. Mi

29、ller, Ph.D., LMFT 约翰 K. 米勒 博士 婚姻及家庭治疗注册医师What is Dysfunctional When Relationships Fail?当关系出毛病，发生什么事？More negativity than positivity 更消极积极的少量Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse 4个马人”启示Harsh Startup 粗糙的启动Failure to Repair 没有修理Demand-Withdraw 命令并且撤退Negative perception of the other 其它的消极理解Flooding and dista

30、nce & isolation cascade 水灾灾祸和距离和“做瀑布绝缘”Chronic Diffuse Physiological Arousal (DPA) 慢性的散布的生理唤起 (Heart 17 beats faster than normal)What is Functional in Relationships that Work?当在好关系中发生时？Regulation, not resolution of conflict: Perpetual Issues 规定，并非冲突的决定： 连续不断的问题Dialogue versus Gridlock on Perpetual P

31、roblems 在大大地阻塞在连续不断的问题的运输中的对话的对面For Solvable Problems Couples do the Following: 丈夫和妻子做解决问题下列： Soften Startup 削弱启动Accepting Influence 接受影响Effective Repair 有效的修理De-escalation and soothing (calming down) 非升级和安慰性(平静下来)Written Assessments 书面的评估Can give the therapist some information, but are inadequate b

32、y themselves. 能把一些信息给治疗人员，但是靠自己是不充分的Assessment must be grounded in the therapeutic interview and recognize the uniqueness of each couple. 评估必须基于治疗的会面并且承认每一夫妇的独特Areas of Inquiry Early on in Therapy在上早的询问的区域在疗法中Where is each partner in the relationship? 每一合作者在关系中在什么地方？What is the nature of the relatio

33、nship Friendship (nature of the relationship)? 关系友谊(关系)的性质的性质是什么？What is the nature of conflict and its resolution/regulation? 冲突和其决定与规定的性质是什么？Discovering and honoring life dreams (via “Love Maps”) 发现和尊敬生活梦见(通过“爱绘制地图”) What are the disadvantages of change (natural resistances)? 改变(自然抵抗)的不利是什么？Gottma

34、ns Thinking on Effective Therapy在有效的疗法上的Gottman思考Based on his work of the four studies that have shown effective change 基于他的四种学习的工作已显示有效的改变Communication Skill Building plus Behavior Exchange 建设加上行为交换的通信技巧Management of Stress Spillover into Relationship 进入关系的压力溢出的管理Insight in Past relationship Dysfun

35、ction 在过去的关系不功能中的洞察力Emotion Focused: All Emotions are Acceptable (Greenburg & Johnson) 感情集中： 所有感情是可接受的Encouraging the “Sound Relationship”鼓励“健全的关系”Encouraging fondness and admiration (absence of this is a good predictor of divorce) 令人鼓舞的喜爱和羡慕(缺乏这的是离婚的一个好预测器)Building “Love Maps”-how each other know e

36、ach other 多么相互建设“爱绘制地图”-知道相互Turning toward versus turning away or against (how “bids for attention” are handled) 转向相对于转弯离开反对(如何“争取投标注意”被处理)Encouraging each others dreams 令人鼓舞的每一其他的梦见Encouraging Shared Meaning in the Relationship (Understanding the journey of the relationship and Life Meaning) 在关系(理解

37、关系和生活的旅行意味着)中的令人鼓舞的共享意义Positive/negative Sentiment Over-ride (the chip on the shoulder versus the rose colored glasses) 积极/消极感情过度骑乘(在相对于的肩上的芯片升高彩色Video 视频John Gottman and Couples Research Gottman, 对丈夫和妻子的研究Violence and Couples Therapy暴力和夫妇疗法John K. Miller, Ph.D., LMFTUniversity of Oregon 约翰 K. 米勒 博士

38、 婚姻及家庭治疗注册医师俄勒冈的大学Violence and Couples Therapy 暴力和夫妇疗法How will you know when violence is present? 你将如何知道暴力何时是出席的？What is the therapists responsibility when violence is present? 当暴力是出席的时，治疗人员的责任是什么？How will you decide whether to conduct conjoint therapy? 你将如何决定是否实施结合的疗法？What are some of the models of

39、 treatment? 处理的一些模型是什么？Arguments Against Conjoint Therapy反对带有合作者的疗法一起在同样的房间中Circularity dismisses individual responsibility, gender differences and social influence 环形的形式开除孤独的责任，性差异和社会的影响Increased danger of retribution 增加报偿的危险Conjoint therapy implies victim partially responsible 带有同样的房间中的合作者的疗法意味着受害者是部分地负责的Fosters creative control tactics by abuser 可能通过滥用鼓励“创造性的策略”的发展Arguments Supporting Conjoint Therapy 疗法的支持的思想在同样的房间中的合作者Certain acts of aggression engender relatively low impact . 侵略的一定的行动造成