英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense

1、英语语法分析现在完成时 The Present Perfect Tense英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense 现在完成时的基本结构 have/has+动词过去分词 （has用于第三人称单数）英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense过去分词的变化： (1)规则变化构成规则原 形过 去 式过去分词 一般在动词原形末尾 加-ed work play worked played worked played 结尾是e的动词加-d hope live hoped lived hoped lived 末尾只有一个辅音字 母的重读闭音节词，先 双写这个

2、辅音字母，再 加-ed stop trip stopped tripped stopped tripped 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“ i”再加-ed study worry studiedworried studiedworried英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律AAA: put put put letlet letABA: becomebecamebecomeABB: standstoodstoodABC: eat ateeaten英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTenseAA

3、Acost-cost-cost read-read-readput-put-put cut-cut-cutlet-let-let set-set-sethit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。 英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeover

4、come-overcame-overcomeABA英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense原型过去式过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词)英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfec

5、tTense1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have (has)-had-had leave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-madefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2. 改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)ABB(含规则动词)英语语法分析现在完成时Th

6、ePresentPerfectTenseABC原型过去式过去分词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,write英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTenseABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。 take-took-taken give-gave

7、-givenfall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)特殊： am/is-was-been are-were-been,do (does)-did-done go-went-gonesee-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed) lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied) 英语语法分

8、析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense写出下列动词的过去分词形式.wake _ 2. teach _ 3. sell _4. see _ 5. ride _ 6. pay _7. choose _ 8. throw _ 9. think _10. eat _ 11. drive _ 12. catch _13. bring _ 14. break _15. give _16. get _17. know _ 18. open _19. write _ 20. forget _woken taughtsold seenridden paid chosen thrownthoug

9、ht eaten driven caught brought brokengiven gotgotten known openedwritten forgotten英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense第一人称第二人称第三人称肯定句(主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词。)I have written an article.We have written an article.You have written an article.You have written an article.He/She/It has written an article

10、.They have written an article.否定句(主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词。)I havent written an article.We havent written an article.You havent written an article.You havent written an article.He/She/It hasnt written an article.They havent written an article.一般疑问句(助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?)Have you writte

11、n an article?Have you written an article?Have you written an article?Have you written an article?Has he/she/it written an article?Have they written an article?特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词？)What have you done ?What have you done ?What have you done ?What have you done ?What has he/she/it done ?Wha

12、t have they done ?现在完成时的基本句型：英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答) I have seen him since his wedding day. I havent seen him since his wedding day .Have you seen him since his wedding day?Yes,I have. / No, I havent.英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTenseHe has written to me since I have been

13、ill.(改否定句和一般疑问句) Has he written to you since you have been ill? He hasnt written to me since I have been illYes, he has.No, he hasnt.英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense 现在完成时的基本用法 (一)表示在说话之前就已经完成的动作或存在的状态。它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系。常用的时间状语有already/yet/ever/never/just/before等.- Its so dark.- Someone has turned o

14、ff the light already.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)- Are you free?- I have already finished my homework. I am free.(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense现在完成时中时间状语的用法区别在现在完成时中的用法 肯定句: 句中(助后实前)/句末 “己经”一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道” Ive already had breakfast. = Ive had breakfast already.(表示强调) H

15、ave you had breakfast already?英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词. She has already been late.（现在完成时 ） She was already late.（一般过去时）英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense2. yet在现在完成时中的用法 否定句:句末 “还(没)”疑问句: 句末 “己经” I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast

16、 yet?英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时, already要变成yet放在句末。 I have already done my homework.否定句:一般疑问句:I havent done my homework yet.Have you done your homework yet?英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense3. ever在现在完成时中的用法 肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经” Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever bee

17、n to Beijing? 英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense4. never在现在完成时中的用法否定句: 句中 “从来没有”Ive never been to Beijing.英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将ever变成never; 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.” He has ever made dumplings.否定句:一般疑：Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.He has never mad

18、e dumplings.英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense5. just在现在完成时中的用法用于句中, 表示“刚刚” Ive just had breakfast. What have they just done?英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense6. before在现在完成时中的用法用于句末, 表示“以前” Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense (二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下

19、去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。 现在完成时的基本用法I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense1.for + I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.时间段英语语法分析现在完成

20、时ThePresentPerfectTense2. since +从句(一般过去时)词组 (表示过去某一时间的)时间点 I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTensesince: (自以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+ 时间段+ agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3

21、)since+ 从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for: (长达）for+ 时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法:英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense6.She has known Sam_ nine years. (for , never , since)7.They have_arrived. (ever , just , yet)8.Have you_ ridden a horse? (ever , for , yet)9.She has known

22、Fred_ they were at primary school. (already , just , since)10.We have not completed the project_. (already , for , yet) for just ever since yet英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense注1): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood he

23、re since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense注2): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用. (误)I have left there for 5 years. (正)I have been away there for 5 years. 英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been

24、in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense瞬间动词与延续性动词英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense瞬间动

25、词与时间段的关系 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段的状语连用，常见的瞬间动词有：go/come/arrive/leave/begin/borrow/buy/die/fall/ stop/start/kill/close/graduate/join/finish/lose等。 They have left Shanghai. You can borrow the book for 2 weeks. (X) 若瞬间动词要接表示一段时间的状语,我们可用相应的延续性动词 来代替瞬间动词。 You can keep the book for 2 weeks.英语语法分析现在完

26、成时ThePresentPerfectTense 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 E.g.：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense瞬间动词与延续动词间的转换英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense5.短暂动词和延续动词转换瞬间性动词延续性动词buyborrowcomego/leaveopen/closebegin/startend/fini

27、shdiecatch a coldbecome interested inget marriedhavekeepbe herebe away (from)be open/ be closedbe onbe overbe deadhave a coldbe interested inbe married英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense瞬间性动词延续性动词put onget upwake upfall asleepjoinarrive/reachwearbe upbe awakebe asleepbe in=be a member ofbe in/at英语语法分析

28、现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense练习判断：他到达车站半个小时了He has arrived at the station for half an hour( )He has been at the station for half an hour . He arrived at the station half an hour agoHe _the club since two years ago .Joined B. has joined C. has been in翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了-The film has been on for fifteen mi

29、nutes.XC英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense改 错1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeeng

30、onebeen英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTensehave /has been tohave / has gone to have / has been in的用法区别 have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。常与just、ever、never连用。 They have been to Beijing.(去过北京，现在人在衡阳)have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 They have gone to Beijing.(现在在北京或去北京的途中)have been

31、in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 They have been in Beijing for two years.(在北京呆了两年)英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense用have /has been to和have / has gone to填空1. Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？ No，I .2. What about your sister，Lucy？ Oh，she Chengdu， she will come back next week. Ok，thanks. Youre welcome. have

32、been to haventhas gone to英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days.

33、Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用。 一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去

34、的时间状语连用。英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTenseHe has lived in Beijing since 1999.自1999年以来他一直住在北京。（说明他现在仍然在北京。）He lived in Bejing in 1999.在1999年的时候他在北京住过。（现在是否住在北京不知道）英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense It is +一段时间 +since+句子(一般过去时) =一段时间+has passed +since + 句子(一般过去时) Eg. It is five years since I joined the

35、army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTenseeg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字

36、典” 。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense 当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时: eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但since(自以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.英语语法分析

37、现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense 常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天),just now(刚才)， 时间+ ago, last +时间 等; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）1.-_ you _your pen? (mend) -Yes, I _. -When_ you

38、_ it? -I _ it yesterday.2.-How do you like the film? -I _(not see) such a moving film before. 3.Millies sister _(join) the club last week. So she _(be) in the club for nearly one week. Have mended have did mend mended havent seen joined has been英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense4.My father_(give) up

39、_(smoke). He doesnt _(smoke) now.5.The Green family_(not come) back yet from the cinema. They_(go) to see a film one hour ago.6.You_(not visit) your son for a long time. has given smoking smoke havent come went havent visited英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTenseTranslation1.他昨天去北京了。2.他去北京两天了。He went to

40、Beijing yesterday. （现在是否住在北京不知道）He has been in Beijing for two days. （说明他现在仍然在北京。）英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTensePractice英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense单项选择He _ working.A. have just started B. has just startC. has just stars D. has just started2. _ you _ your suitcase yet?Do, pack B. Did, pack C

41、. Have, packD. Have , packed3. I _ my room already.have tidied B. had tidied C. have tidiedD. will tidy4. There _ several meetings during the past few days.A. have been B. has been C. will be D. are英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense5. I _ my plane ticket, but I cant find it.will buy B. would buy C. h

42、ave boughtD. have buyed6. -What has Denis done? -He _ over a vase.has knocked B. had knocked C. knockedD. is knocking7. Everything is all right; nothing _.is happened B. was happened C. will be happened D. has happened8. They cant buy a computer because they _ all their money.are spending B. have sp

43、ent C. spendD. will spend英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense1. 去年我去了苏州。We went to Suzhou last year.2. 我每天早上7：00起床。I get up at 7:00 every day.3. 下个星期我要去看望我的老师。I am going to visit my teacher next week.4. 看！那边有个女孩在哭。Look! The girl is crying over there.5. 汤姆去过北京2次了。Tom has been to Beijing twice.6. 他住在那儿已经

44、有十年了。He has lived there for ten year.英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense练习自从我来到这正好两天It is just two days since I came hereTwo days has passed since I came here It_ (be) ten years since I _(finish) middle school. ishas been finished英语语法分析现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense动 词 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen英语语法分析