2018考研英语二模拟试题1及答案

1、2018 考研英语二模拟试题及答案（一）Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,_1 _ those of the y

2、oung woman, but also a matchmaker. Ayoung man can _2_a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to _3 _ the marriage negotiations, or the young man s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection._4_ , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have ch

3、osen. _5 _ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying _6_ a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, _7_ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a sho

4、rt sermon and _8_prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritualhair cutting,_9_cottonthreads soaked in holy water around the bride s and groom s wrists, and _10_ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the _11_ . Newlyseds traditionally move in with the

5、wife s parents and may _12_ with them up to a year, _13_they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to _14_ ,but not common. Divoreced persons are _15_with some disapproval. Each spouse retains _16_ property he or she _17_ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is _18_ equa

6、lly. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice _19_ up: The divorced male doesn t have a waiting period before he can remarry _20_ the woman must wait ten months.1.A by way ofon behalf ofas well aswith regard to标准答案 C as well as考点剖析 逻辑关系选项剖析 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位剖析：空格处身处大环境 not on

7、ly but also 之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不单而且 ”，该空后边的 those 指代前文出现的“ parents and friends ”，明显“ the young man与“ the young woman ”为并列关系，表示“与他自己以及伴侣的父亲母亲朋友有关” ，所以答案只好是C项 as well as 也，又。A项 by way of 经过，D项 with regard to 对于，B项 on behalf of 代表。2.A adapt toprovide forcompete withdecide on标准答案 D decide on考点剖析 上下文语义选项剖

8、析 依据该句的主语a young man 与宾语 a likely spouse 的关系，答案只好是D项decide on “决定”，表示自己决定自己的配偶。B项provide for为 供给准备，provide 为及物动词，直接跟宾语，不需要加介词；项 adapt to “合用”。C项 competewith “与 竞争” ， A3.A closeB remewC arrangeD postpone标准答案 C arrange考点剖析 上下文语义及动词辨析选项剖析 该句意思为：他能够自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父亲母亲 婚姻谈判。四个选项中，A项close封闭；B项renew更新，恢复；D项p

9、ostpone推延；这三项语义不正 确，只有C项arrange “安排”切合语境。A Above all B In theoryC In timeD For example标准答案B In theory考点剖析上下文语义选项剖析逻辑判断题主假如看前后两句的含义，前面说“他能够自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父亲母亲安排婚姻谈判，或许完整由父亲母亲选择对象，不给孩子选择的时机。 ”空格后面说“女方能够反对她父亲母亲所选择的对象。 ”这两句之间明显是相反的关系， 且有一个may ，更证明B项In theory“理论上说”的正确性，而其余选项 A项Above all最重要的是，C项In time 准时，D

10、项For example 举例，均不切合题意。A AlthoughB LestC AfterD Unless标准答案 C After考点剖析 上下文语义选项剖析 依据下文“ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates theother ”可知，只有对象选择好后，父亲母亲才会去检核对方，明显表达的是时间先后次序，所以只有 after 才对。其余选项 A 项 Although 只管， B 项 Lest 免得，生怕， DUnless 除非，不然都不切合题意。6.A intoB withinC fromD through标准答案 A int

11、o考点剖析 上下文语义及介词辨析选项剖析 这里主假如看 marry 与有关介词的固定搭配及句意理解。 这里 marry into 就 是指“经过婚姻获取成为 的一员” ，而其余选项均没有这层含义。A sinceB orC butD so标准答案 Cbut考点剖析 逻辑关系选项剖析 依据上文“从前婚礼会连续三天”，出处句子意为“到了 20 世纪 80 年月，婚礼只连续一天半”，明显与前文发生转变，为对照关系，所以选择C项but可是。8. A copyB testC reciteD create标准答案 C recite考点剖析 上下文语义及动词辨析选项剖析空格处需要填一个动词，和后边的praye

12、rs of blessing 所搭配，C项recite 有。9. A foldingB pilingC wrappingD tying标准答案 D tying考点剖析 上下文语义及动词辨析选项剖析 此题需要依据上下文语义剖析，空格处需要搭配后文“棉线”，纵观四个选项A项 折叠，B项 聚积，C项 包裹，D项 系上，依据后文的“ around the bride s andgroom s wrists在新郎和新娘的腰间” ，只有 D 项“将在圣水中浸过的棉线系在新郎和新娘的腰间”切合句意。A passingB lightingC hidingD serving标准答案 Apassing考点剖析 上

13、下文语义及动词辨析选项剖析 原文空格需要填写一个动词与后文“ around a circle ”来搭配，译为“将蜡烛传一圈”，故A项“传达”为正确选项。B项 点亮，C项 隐蔽，D项 服务。A meetingB collectionC association D union标准答案 D union考点剖析 名词辨析 选项剖析 本句语义为“将蜡烛绕着幸福结婚和受人敬爱的夫妇传达一圈来祝福 ”，D项 联合，引中为“婚姻”之意；依据语境，D项正确。A growB partC dealD live标准答案 D live考点剖析 上下文语义及动词辨析此题比较简单。依据语义“依据传统，新婚夫妇要搬到老婆父亲

14、母亲家，选项剖析与父母 一年，D项“生活”为最正确答案。C项 交易，B项 分开，A项 成长。A whereasB untilC ifD for标准答案 B until考点剖析 时间逻辑关系选项剖析 本句意为“ 他们在邻近建筑一栋新房屋” ， A 项 但是， B 项 直到，D 项因为， C 项 假如，联合前文“新婚夫妇依据传统要和女方家人生活一年” ，前后存在必定的时间关系，B项“直到”最切合原文语境，搭配最为合理。14. A avoidB followC challengeD obtain标准答案 D obtain考点剖析 上下文语义及动词辨析选项剖析 Divorce is legal and

15、 relatively easy to _14_, but not common.该句句意为 “离婚是合法的， 且相对简单 。”A 项 avoid 防止， B 项 follow 跟从，C 项 challenge 挑战，怀疑，D项obtain获取，实现。依据要点词“ legal”可知这里表达的是正面的意思，再依据句 意选择 D 项。15. A isolatedB persuadedC viewedD exposed标准答案 C viewed离婚的人一些不认同。”这句实际上是在说明离考点剖析 上下文语义及动词辨析选项剖析 Divorced persons are _15_ with some di

16、sapproval.本段第一句提到“离婚是合法的且相对简单获取赞成，可是不常有。婚其实不常有的原由，A项isolated孤立，B项persuaded劝告，C项viewed对待，D项 exposed 接触，遇到 的影响，C 项最切合句意。A whereeverB whateverC wheneverD however标准答案 B whatever考点剖析 关系代词辨析选项剖析 Each spouse retains _16_ property he or she _17_ into the marriage. 17 小题四个选项都是动词， 所以该句意思为： 夫妇两方保有财富， 这个财富是他或她进

17、婚姻的。联合A 项 whereever “不论何地；任何（地方） =any place where（ 定从 ） ”； B 项 whatever “不论 什么；任何（东西）=anything that/any+N that ； C项 whenever 不论何时；任何时间=any timewhen ； D 项 however 不论怎样；不论多么。 依据语义， 这里应当不是退步的关系，并且填的这个词还要能修饰 property 。所以，选择 B项，等于 retains any property that he or she 。A changedB broughtC shapedD pushed标准答

18、案 B brought考点剖析 上下文语义及动词义辨析选项剖析 Each spouse retains _16_ property he or she _17_ into the marriage ，结 合A项 changed “改变”，B项 brought “带来”，C项 shaped “形成”，D项 pushed 推， 强迫”。联合语境只有B 项切合句意，意为“把财富带入婚姻” 。A investedB dividedC donatedD withdrawn标准答案 B divided考点剖析 上下文语义及动词义辨析选项剖析 .and jointly-acquired property i

19、s _18_ equally.联合 A 项 invested 投资； B项divided分派；分开；C项donated 捐献；D项withdrawn 撤出，提取。依据语义应当是 共同财富被（夫妇两方）均分，所以选择B项。A warmsB clearsC showsD breaks标准答案 C shows考点剖析 动词固定搭配选项剖析 Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice _19_up.该句语义为离过婚的人也许会再婚，可是性别成见。A项warm up加热，热身；B项clear up (天气)变晴，整理，除去； C项show up

20、展现；D项break up分裂，分开；依据句意，选择C项。A whileB so thatC onceD in that标准答案 A while选项剖析 上下文语义考点剖析 本句句意为：离婚的男性再婚不需要等候期，女性一定等十个月。明显前后两句存在转折关系，只有 A项while 但是”能够表达这个意思。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections ： Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark y

21、our answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to em

22、ploy ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “ incite excessive thinness ” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That s a start. And the b

23、an on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their i

24、ndividual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wa

25、sp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000fine and six month

26、s in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcemen

27、t.In contrast to France s actions, Denmark s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:“ We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact thefashion i

28、ndustry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on

29、ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?Physical beauty would be redefined

30、.New runways would be constructed.Websites about dieting would thrive.The fashion industry would decline.【答案】 A Physical beauty would be redefined【分析】 推测题。依据France 定位到文章前两段，第一段讲法国决准时装业失掉了定义( define )形体美( physical beauty )的绝对权利。法国的立法者经过了一项法律，聘用超瘦的模特属于犯法，议会也严禁网站经过尊崇极端节食“煽动过分瘦小” 。第二段第二句提到“ They suggest

31、 beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That sa start. 他们建议漂亮不该当以损害身体健康为代价的表面来界定。 ”由此可知， 法国经过立 法手段来改变法国时装业模特超瘦的现状，即 A 项的“形体美将会被从头定义” ，是对原文 内容的合理推测。 B 项“将会建筑新的舞台” ， C 项“有关节食的网站将会盛行” ， D 项“时 装业将会衰败” ，均不可以从文中推测出来，属于“惹是生非” 。The phrase “ impinging on ” (Line 2, Para 2) is

32、closest in meaning toheightening the value of.indicating the state of.losing faith in.doing harm to.【答案】 D doing harm to【分析】猜词题。定位到第二段第二句 “ They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 他们建议漂亮不该当以 身体健康为代价的表面来界 定。” impinging on 后边的宾语为“ health ”，即对健康的某种影响。依据第二段第三句

33、“对 超瘦模特的禁令仿佛不只是是在防备模特受饿致死正如曾有人这么做过的” ，可见法国 当前的对漂亮的定义致使了有人为了保持身材， 受饿致死， 所以推测出这一短语在这里的意思为“入侵，损害”D 项“对 有害”正确。 A 项“加强了 的价值”B 项“反应了， C 项“对 失掉信心”均不切合句意。Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?The French measures have already failed.New standards are being set in Denmark.Model are no longer

34、under peer pressure.Its inherent problems are getting worse.【答案】 B New Standards are being set in Denmark【分析】 细节题。 依据第五段第二句话“ In Denmark,.it is trying to set voluntary standardsfor models and fashion. 在丹麦，它正试试为模特设定自发的标准 ” ，可知 B 项“在丹 麦新的标准正在被设定”是对原文的同义替代。 A 项“法国的举措失败了” ； C 项“不再有 来自同行执法的压力” ，文章第五段第二句后

35、半句提到 “ images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement ”，属于“正反混杂” ； D 项“它固有的问题变得更严重了” ，文中第五段只 提实时装业有固有的问题，并未说起“变得更严重” ，属于“惹是生非” 。A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for setting a high age threshold for models.caring too much about models character.showing little concern for health

36、 factors.pursuing perfect physical conditions.【答案】 C showing little concern for health factors【分析】推测题。题设为“一个设计师很可能因为何原由被CFW 拒绝”，依据要点词CFW 可回到文中定位至倒数第二段，该段提到丹麦的时髦界就有关模特的年纪、健康及其他特征的内容完成一致建议， 且一项新法案也明确规定， 他们已经意识到时髦界对于人们特别是年青人的身体健康所带来的影响， 并且应当对此肩负责任， 这一法例的履行方式就是拒绝一些设计师和模特经纪机构参加哥本哈根时装周（CFW）。所以C项的“不关怀健康要素”

37、切合题意，为正确答案。D项“追求完满的身体状况”，B项的“过多关注模特的性格”，A 项“设定了一个模特高龄门槛” ，均不切合题意。Which of the following may be the best title of the text?The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryJust Another Round of Struggle for BeautyA Dilemma for the Starving Models in FranceA Challenge to the Fashion Industry s Body IdealsD A

38、challenge to the Fashion Industry s Body Ideals本文从首段就开始论述法国经过立法严禁聘用超瘦的模特，时装业已经失掉了定义女性身体之美的绝对权利，瘦。第二段连续说明漂亮不可以只看表面，且议会也严禁网站经过宣传过分节食来重申过分消更不可以以牺牲健康为代价，性的不良信息负责。 第三段说明女性不该让别人来评判自己的漂亮。多的是依赖严苛的处罚。 最后三段提到了丹麦与法国截然相反的举措。时装业应当为传达给女第四段讲法国的举措更纵观全文， 文章主要在讲各个国家对解决当前模特超瘦的现状的举措， 所以 D 项的“对时装业身体模范的挑战”是 对原文的“高度归纳” 。T

39、ext 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping rulin

40、g, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it fol

41、lowed Californias advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse

42、 of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspects purse .The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartph

43、onemay contain an arrestees reading history,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of cloud computing, meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disrupti

44、ve technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had t

45、o specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.The Supreme Court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate tosearch for suspects mobile phones without a warrant.check suspect

46、s phone contents without being authorized.prevent suspects from deleting their phone hibit suspects from using their mobile phones.The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one oftolerance.indifference.disapproval.cautiousness.The author believes that exploring ones phone conte

47、nt is comparableto A getting into ones residence.handing ones historical records.scanning ones correspondences.going through ones wallet.In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern thatprinciples are hard to be clearly expressed.the court is giving police less room for action.phones are used

48、to store sensitive information.citizens privacy is not effective protected.0.Orin Kerrs comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)Californias argument violates principles of the Constitut

49、ion.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered. T2答案 B check suspects phone contents without being authorized分析：细节题。依据自然段定位原则，定位到首段。依据题干要点词 supreme court ， whether 精准定位到第一段最后一句 whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone .，与选项进行对应，即为 B 在不受权的状况下检查嫌疑人的电话信息。 注意 A 选项应是 search

50、 contents 。答案 C disapproval分析：态度题。依据题干 Californias argument 定位到第二段最后一句及第三段首句，这些句子中提到 hard recklessly modest 等负向词， 表达的是负面态度。 看选项属于负面的就是 disapproval 。 A 容忍， B 冷淡是典型错误， D 马虎。答案 A getting into ones residence分析：细节题。 题干问： 作者以为搜寻电话薄就相当于什么？依据段落界定原则定位到第四段转折处， 提到 But exploring ones smart phone is more like en

51、tering his or her home.与选项对应， A 中的 residence 对应 home ，是原文的赞成替代。注意D 选项不是作者的看法，不能将文中人物看法看作作者看法。答案 D citizens privacy is not effective protected分析：细节题。依据题干定位到 5 段和 6 段，题干问作者最关注的是什么， 即是相应段落的段落中心。所以，该题表面是细节题，实质为段落核心。 5 段首句为中心句提到，应采取举措保护数据隐私； 6 段又连续陈说原则的不适合之处。依据这些内容，对应答案D 市民隐私未能获取有效保护。答案 B New technology

52、requires reinterpretation of the Constitution分析：例证题。题干问的是引用 Orin Kerr 的目的是什么，即 Orin Kerr 是论据，其目的是论点。 论点常常在论据的前面， 所以要找例子前面的一句话， 即 New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutionsprotections. 与选项对应，就是Bnew technology 是原词复现， require 等同于 demands ， reinterpretation of t

53、he Constitution 同 义替代 applications of the Constitutions protections 。Text 3There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses, ” wrote Milton Friedman, aNobel prize-winning economist, “ That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits. ” But even if

54、you accept Firedman s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms

55、in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses inthree ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “ signal ” that a company s products are of high quality. Second, custome

56、rs may be willing to buy a company s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse“ halo effect, ”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effec

57、ts because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company s products as part of their investigations, they could be inf

58、luenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the len

59、iency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company s record in CSR. “ We estimate that either eliminating a substant

60、ial labour-rights concern, such as child labour or increasing corpora giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials, ” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much busines