高考英语二轮专题总复习精选综合能力专练阅读理解16

1、2013届高考英语二轮专题总复习精选综合能力专练：阅读理解16THURSDAYJuly 9 ( HealthDaydiet slowed the aging process inNews) A m-w sujdy 口ui工 i.hu. kicr 3tk，iie monkeys could be the best proof yet that restricted diets might do the same for humans.“The big question in agingresearchis, Will caloric restriction in speciesclosely r

2、elated to humans slow aging said Richard Weindruch, senior authorScience .This is the first clearof a paper appearing in the July 10 issue ofdemonstration that, in a primate species, we re inducing a slowdown of the agingprocess - showing increased survival, resistance to disease, less brain atrophy

3、 and less muscle loss.“This predicts humans would respond similarly , added Weindruch, professor of medicine at the University of Wisconsin and an investigator at the VeteransHospital in Madison. Another expert noted that, despite some highly publicized studies in certain species,the linkbetween res

4、trictedeating and longer lifespanhas been far from proven.“The idea that dietary restriction extends lifespanin all species is not true.Many strains of rats and mice do not respond. In some strains, it s actuallydeleterious , “ explained Felipe Sierra, director of the biology of aging programat the

5、US National Institute on Aging (NIA), which supported the new study. Thefact that it doesn t work in some mice but it does seem to work in monkeys is surprising and it gives us hope. ”But there s a larger question: how to change humans increasingly lax eating habits.“This finding doesn t give me hop

6、e that humans are going to go into dietary r estriction , added Marianne Grant, a registered dietitian at Texas A&M Health Science Center Coastal Bend Health Education Center in Corpus Christi.语篇解读这是一篇新闻报道，研究人员通过对动物的研究证明低热量的饮食可能会 延长人的寿命。The underlined worda restricted means :.C. reservedA. limitedB.

7、 satisfiedD. fascinated解析词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，低热量的饮食可以延长猴子的寿命，这一试验 证明有节制的饮食可能同样会延长人的寿命。答案AWhich of the following statements about Weindruch is true?This experiment indicates restricted diets could extend humans lifespan.Adequate sleep is another way to reduce the speed of aging process.The experiment was a

8、 failure in some species such as mice.The experiment which had been tested on humans got a great success.解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话可知答案为Ao答案AAccording to Felipe Sier ra s idea, we know that.the restricted diets experiment really had no distinct effect on rats and micehumans are finding new ways to slowdown t

9、he aging process of all the speciesthe experiment is unnecessary to be carried on because of the response of the micethe experiment confirmed that restricted diets extend lifespan in all species解析 细节理解题。从第四段的第二句Many strains of rats and mice do not respond.”可知答案。答案AIt can be inferred from the underli

10、ned sentence that.the result of the experiment shows that humans are not pigging out nowadaysnowadays humans are turning un kftll.ny dirlE IriUi上how to change humans careless eating habits is a long way to gothe experiment changed humans increasingly careless eating habits解析细节理解题。由画线句子可知人们目前并没有进入到控制

11、饮食的状态中，也就是说要改变人们漫不经心的饮食习惯还有很长的路要走。答案CThe author most likely wrote this text pare the two experiments on rats and monkeysillustrate the data from the researchcall on people to pay attention to their daily dietsintroduce a lively debate to amuse the reader解析写作目的题。作者的目的是通过介绍试验”低热量的饮食可能会延长人的寿 命”，呼吁人们注意控

12、制饮食。答案C长难句解读 Another expert noted that, despite some highly publicized studies in certain species, the link between restricted eating and longer lifespan has been far from proven.本句的主句为 Another expert noted that ,其中that引导的是一个宾语从句。从句 用despite表示让步关系，后面的 far from proven 意为“远没有得到证明”。The treadle pump is

13、based on a design developed in the 1970s by Norwegian engineer Gunnar Barnes. It can be made locally.The treadle pump is easy to build from bamboo or other wood and two metal cylinders （圆筒）with pistons （活塞）.Thepistons go up and down as a person stands on lever devices- treadles - and usesa natural w

14、alking motion.How many hours a day the pump needs to be operated depends on the season and how much water is needed for crops. It could be two hours a day. It could be seven hours a day.Small children sometimes stand withtheir parentson the treadles. Everyone inthe family can take turns operating th

15、e pump.The Acumen Fund is a nonprofit groupthat investsin businessprojectsto fightpoverty. It studied the effects of treadlepumps in theIndian stateof UttarPradesh.threeAcumenreported that families using them ate more vegetables,becausethey wereUttar Pradesh has three treadle pump manufacturers and

16、more than seventy thousand pumps.able to grow more to eat and to sell. Many of these families also drank more milk, because they bought a cow with their added earnings. Men with treadle pumps oftenno longer have to leave the farm to seek extra work in cities.their extra earnings toThe pump can also

17、improve education. Farmers often use buy books for their children or to pay for schooling.A farmer in Zambia said he hoped to have enough money in three years to buy a diesel powered pump 1柴油泵）.Then he could grow more crops over a larger area.But the world economic crisis has had an effecton some fa

18、rmers. IDE executivedirector Zenia Tata says somewho were able to buy diesel pumps now do not have enoughmoney to buy fuel. So they are using their treadle pumps again.语篇解读脚踏泵因其简单、易行、实用之特点，正在世界的广大贫困地区被推广， 以帮助农民脱贫致富，且已取得了显著的效果。The treadle pump.is invented by an American engineeris mainly made of meta

19、lconsists of two cylinders with pistonsconsists of two cylinders with an engine解析事实细节题。根据第二段第一句可知答案为Co答案CWhat does the author want to tell us about the treadle pump in the second paragraph?Its history.Its working principle.Its structure.Its usage and effects.解析作者意图题。A和D显然不对，C有一定干扰性，但其不能概括第二句，介绍 工作原理

20、时，一般要同时介绍其结构，故选Bo答案BIt can be inferred from the passage that.it is easy to learn how to operate the treadle pumpit is difficult to build a treadle pumpthe treadle pump is used more in winter than in summeroperating the treadle pump can keep fit解析推理判断题。B和C与文中内容相悖，可排除。易错选D,但文中没有依据，无法推知。根据第四段，小孩也可帮忙，家庭

21、中每个人都可参与，可推知A为答案。答案AEach treadle pump manufacturer in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh has produced on average about.A. 18, 000 pumpsB. 24, 000 pumpsC. 37, 000 pumpsD. 73, 000 pumps解析数据推算题。根据第五段第三句可知，该州共三家生产商，共有七万三千多架脚踏泵，平均每家生产两万四千架左右，故选 R答案B坪卬告 吐上廿版:1 in4仁：1: 1:口：巾h:iy h dscl ：犷配rM pi.匚p?Because h

22、e wants to grow crops on a larger scale.Because he hates to leave the farm to seek fortune in cities.BccausD a diesel powered pump is cheaper beforu.Because oil is much cheaper than before.解析事实细节题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知答案。答案A长难句解读 IDE executive director Zenia Tata says some who were able to buy diesel pumps n

23、ow do not have enough money to buy fuel.该句为双重复合句。主句主语为IDE executive director Zenia Tata ,谓语为says,后面为省略了 that的宾语从句。该宾语从句的主干部分为some do not have enoueh moneyto buy fuel , who were able to buy diesel pumps为定语从句, 修饰主语 someIt was near dusk, and Kim Cooper and her husband, Steve, were trucking through nort

24、hern Kentucky transportation auto parts from Louisville to Detroit for a goods company. Steve, wake up ! ” she shouted. There s a truck on fire !”Inside the burning truck, Ronnie Sanders, 38, was fighting for his life. He d been running a heavy load of tractors and forklifts from Georgia to Indianap

25、olis when a van in front of him stopped suddenly in traffic on the icy road. As Ronnie bore down, he could see children in the backseat. The truck s bulk would probably protect him from the worst of the impact, but the force of 23 tons would likely crush（ 压碎）everyone inside the van.“I figured instea

26、d of killing other people, I d just put the truck in theditch. At the bottom, rocks cut a fuel tank, which caught fire. A tree branch destroyed the windshield and knocked Ronnie unconscious. He came to life a couple of minutes later to find the cabin flames and his legs on fire.Steve dashed to Ronni

27、e, who was hanging headfirst from the passenger door. Ronnie had used his packet knife t.o cut himself free 士qh the dr:ver! s s:de seat helt.only to get his boot trapped in another one. Steve climbed into the burning cab to free him.He tried three times to pull Ronnie out before finally freeing him.

28、 But Ronnie s legs were still burning, so Steve laid him on the ground, ripped off his own shirt, and beat the flames w ith it. He d managed to drag him about 20 yards when one of rhe tnick s 150 gallon fuel ra：iks exploded.Both Steve and Ronnie paid a price for risking their lives for strangers. Ro

29、nnieOpen Roadspent two months in the hospital and received skin grafts on both of his legs. Steve suffered smoke breathing and minor burns, and shrapnel from the fuel tank explosion broke a tooth.In February, the Coopers received a Hero of the Highway award from theFoundation for rescuing an injured

30、 driver. Steve insists Ronnie is the real hero:“If he hadn t gone into the ditch,he would have hit that van. It was hisdecisionto drive off the road.“I feel pretty good about it ,says Ronnie.A lot of people couldhave beenhurt.解读：本文为记叙文，主要讲述了the Coopers 途中遇到 Ronnie开的大卡车着火了;Steve则竭尽全Ronnie为了不造成更大的伤害，不

31、顾自身的安危，将卡车开进水沟里，而力救助Ronnie。According to the passage, Ronnie s putting the truck in the ditch contributes to.his concern for his own safetyhis poor driving skillthe icy roadhis concern for others lives解析细节推断题。由文章的第三段第一句话I figured instead of killing otherpeople , I d just put the truck in the ditch.”可

32、推断出。答案DWhat probably made Ronnie come to life after driving the truck in the ditch?The noise from the highway.The call from the Coopers.The pain from the burning legs.The heat of the fire.解析细节推断题。根据文章的第三段最后一句话minutes later to find the cab in flames and his legs on fire.答案C3. How did Steve put out th

33、e flames in RonnieA. He beat the flames with Ronnie s shirt.He came to life a couple of利用排除法。s legs?He beat the flames with his own shirt.He put out the fire with a tank of water.He put out the fire with a bag of sand.解析细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句话，Steve撕下自己的衬衫，用它来扑灭（Ronnie双腿上的）火焰。答案BWhat does the underlined w

34、ord“shrapnel in Paragraph 6 mean?A branch of a tree.A small piece of metal.A wave of the explosion.The heat of the explosion.解析词义猜测题。根据下文 shrapnel from the fuel tank explosion broke a tooth可知是“油箱爆炸产生的金属片打碎了一颗牙”。答案BWhich of the following can be the best title of this passage?Heroes: The CoopersHeroes

35、: Roadside FlamesAccidents on the Icy RoadAccidents in the Ditch解析确定文章标题。综观全文，A, C, D三项不够全面；而B项即表明事故，也表明了事故中竭力营救他人的英雄。答案BAstronauts aboard the space station Celebrated a space first on Wednesday by drinking water that had been recycled from their urine and sweat and water that condenses from exhaled

36、 air. They said “cheers” , clicked drinking bags and toasted NASA workers on the ground who were sipping their own version of recycled drinking water.The recycling system is needed for astronaut stations on the moon and Mars. It also will save NASA money because it won t have to ship up as much wate

37、r to the station by space shuttle or cargo rockets.Besides, it s importan t as the spacestation is about to expand from three people living on board to six.The recycling system had been brought up to the space station last November by space shuttle Endeavour, but it couldn t be used until samples we

38、re tested back on Earth. So when it came time to actually drink up, NASA made a big deal of it.Ihe three man cruw stood, holding their drinks Emd ccngrEi tula ted unginenrs in two NASA centers that worked on the system.“This is something that had been the stuff of science fiction , “ Barratt said be

39、fore taking a small mouthful.The taste is worth trying.”NASA deputy space shuttle manager LeRoy Cain called it“a huge milestone .The new system takes the combined urine of the crew from the toilet, moves itto a big tank, where the water is boiled off, and the vapor is collected. The restof the urine

40、 is thrown away. The water vapor is mixed with water from air condensation, and then it goes through filters. Whensix crew members are aboard it can make about six gallons from urine in about six hours.“Some people may find the idea of drinking recycled urine distasteful, but it is also done on Eart

41、h with a lot longer time between urine and the tap said Marybeth Edeen, the space station s national lab manager.The technology NASA developed for this system has already been used for quickwater purification after the 2004 Asian tsunami, Edeen said.“We are happy to have this water work through the

42、system-we re happy tohave it work through our systems , “ Barratt said.语篇解读本文讲的是国际空间站宇航员试饮尿液循环水。According to the text, the recycling system is important because.it makes traveling to the moon for the common person possiblewith it NASA won t need to ship any water up to the space stationit can help t

43、o meet the need for more water after the crew are expandedit protects the environment in space by reducing the amount of waste解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的it s important as the space station isabout to expand from three people living on board to six” 可知 C项正确。答案CWhat is the RIGHT time order of the following events

44、?The samples of the recycled water were tested on Earth.Astronauts celebrated the space first of making water from urine.The recycling system was brought up to the space station.The technology for the system was used to quickly purify water.A. a , d , c, b B. a, c, b, dC. d a c b D. d c a b解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的The technology NASA developed for thissystem has already been used for quick water purification after the 2004 Asiants