动词时态语态虚拟语气主谓一致页PPT课件

1、动词时态现在过去将来过去将来一般进行do/doesdidwill/shall dowould/shouldam/is/are doingwas/were doingwill/shall be doingwould/should be doing现在过去将来过去将来完成完成进行have/has donehad donewill/shall have donewould/should have donehave/has been doinghave been doing will/shall have been doingwould/should have been doing一般将来时的用法wi

2、ll/shall + 动词原形be going to + 不定式,表示打算准备要做的事或肯定要发生的事。Eg. How are you going to spend your holiday?be about to +不定式,表示即将发生的动作。be to +不定式,表示计划中的义务要做的事，含有“不得不”强制意义。Eg. The president of America is to visit China next month.(5)come,go,leave,start,arrive,fly等动词后，用现在进行时表示将来。(6)在短语make sure, see (to) it, be s

3、ure后接从句，用一般现在时表将来。eg.My mother _(leave) for Beijing tomorrow.eg.Make sure all the windows _(close) before you leave.eg.See to it that the door _(fasten) before you go to bed.2.现在进行时的用法现在进行时与always, continually, constantly, forever等频度副词连用，表示赞叹、厌烦等感情色彩。eg. They _ forever _(quarrel) about something.3.现

4、在/过去完成时的用法(1)在“It/This is the best/worst/most interesting+名词+that”中，从句用现在完成时。(2)在“It/This is the first/last time that”中，从句用现在完成时。(3)在“It was the first time that sb. had done”中,主句一般过去时，that引导的从句用过去完成时。(4)hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean=intend, suppose等的过去完成时的含义指“过去没有实现的愿望、计划”。含失望的感情色彩。Eg. This is

5、the most interesting book that I _(read).We _(hope) that you would be able to visit us, but you did not.It was the first time that we _(travel) together.She _(think) of paying us a visit, but was prevented from doing so.(5)用在“no soonerthan”和“hardly/scarcelywhen”（一 就）中，从句用一般过去时。no sooner/hardly/scarc

6、ely放句首，要倒装eg. We had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.We had hardly reached home when it began to rain. 他一进办公室，电话就响了。（倒装）Hardly had he entered the office when the phone rang. 4.现在完成进行时的用法结构： have/has been doing,表示现在以前一直在进行的动作。如：I have written a letter.I have been writing a letter.已写完还在写注

7、意：短暂动词 (finish,marry,get up,come,go等)不能用这种时态。Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything . A.to tellB.to be told C.to be tellingD.to have been toldThe new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designedB. had been designed C.was designedD. would be designed 3.

8、Books of this kind _ well. A. sellB. sellsC. are soldD. is soldDBAIn recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, _.A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the betterC. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be5. -How

9、 are you today? -Oh, I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time.A. didnt feel B. wasnt feelingC. dont feel D. havent feltCDI thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it.A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentionedC. didnt mention D. hasnt mentioned7. In such dry weather, the flower

10、s will have to be watered if they _.A. had survived B. are to surviveC. would survive D. will surviveCB动词语态一般进行完成现在过去将来过去将来am/is/are askedam/is/are being askedhave/been askedwas/were askedwas/were being askedhad been askedshall/will be askedshall/will have been askedshould/would be askedshould/would

11、 have been asked1.say,believe,report,announce,suppose,know,consider,hope等以it作形式主语时用被动语态，后接that从句。如：据说我们足球队赢得了比赛。It is said that our football team has won the game.=Our football team is said to have won the game.不及物动词，包括不及物动词用的短语动词，如take place, appear, happen, occur,belong to, return, break out,rise,

12、consist of不用被动。所有的联系动词，如：taste,look,sound,prove,taste,wear不用被动语态这菜尝起来可口。The dish tastes delicious.3.用非谓语的主动表示被动(1)want,need, require,deserve后用动名词的主动形式。如：学生们需要照料。The student needs/wants/requires looking after. (2)形容词worth后用动名词主动表示被动。如：The book is well worth reading.Make sure that you _ all the window

13、s when you leave the home . A.shut B.will shut C.have shut D.would shutEdison _ questions, _ made his teacher very angry. A.always asked;that B.was always asking;which C.always asks;which D.had always asked;that The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was to travel B. had be

14、en traveling C. was traveling D. traveledABC(3)不定式在形容词(difficult,easy,hard,comfortable,pleasant,fit,unfit,light,heavy,good,safe,dangerous) 后作状语，与主语或宾语构成动宾关系，用主动。这是因为形容词后省略了for sb.如：The book is difficult (for me) to understand.He is easy (for people) to get along with.She found the maths problem easy

15、 to work out.(4)不定式作名词的后置定语，与被修饰词构成动宾关系，与主语构成主谓关系，用主动表示被动。如：He has a lot of work to do this evening.Ill give him something to read.(5) 在there be 中修饰主语的不定式用主动或被动都可。如：There are many things to do/to be done.4.不及物动词后和副词well,easily连用时，如clean,cook,burn,draw,play,read,sell,wash,write等，用主动表示被动。如：这布很经洗/很畅销。T

16、he cloths washes/sells well.这首诗读起来很流畅。This poem reads smoothly.5.不及物动词act,keep,lock,move,open,shut和cant,wont连用时，用主动形式。如：这戏不会上演。The play wont act.天气暖了，鱼就存放不久。In warm weather meat and fish wont keep long.6.作表语的形容词后，用不定式的主动。这鱼不能食用。The fish is not fit to eat.虚拟语气1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事

17、实相反动词过去式（be用were）would/should+动原动词过去完成式would/should+have done动词过去式/were to +动原/should+动原would/should+动原eg. If I _(be) you, I would ask our teacher for help.If I _(have) enough money tomorrow, I _(buy) a copy of “Harry Potter” .If I _(not take) the wrong bus, I _(not miss) the contest.(1)混合时间的条件句eg.假

18、如我以前学过法语，现在就能为我们的法国朋友翻译。If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friends.(2)含蓄条件句eg. Without water, we _(die).had beenwould die(3)无主句的条件句 eg. If only I _(be) more careful.2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句:(should)+动原表示建议：suggest,propose,recommend,advise表示主张：insist,maintain/hold(主张),urge(呼吁)表示

19、要求：ask,request,require,demand,desire表示命令：order,commandeg. The doctor ordered that she _(stay) in bed for a few days.3.作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal, suggestion,request 的表语从句、同位语从句:(should)+动原Eg. My idea is that he _ do exercises first.4.虚拟语气用于主语从句It is necessary/important/natural/desirable

20、/advisable/strange that we (should) clean the room every day.It will be desired/suggested/decided/ordered/requested/recommended/proposed that I (should) finish my homework this afternoon.5.虚拟语气用于wish, if only, as if/though等句中：用法动词形式与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反过去式(be用were)过去完成式would/could/might+原形(1) If onl

21、y I _ (be) a bird.(2) I wish it _ (be) spring all years around.(3) I wish I _ (arrive) two hours earlier.(4) It looks as if it _ (rain).(5) They talked as if they _ (be) friends years before. (6) If only I _ (take) his advice.werewerehad arrivedcould rainhad been had taken 6.虚拟语气在would rather后接从句:从句

22、用过去完成时指过去从句用过去时指现在、将来(1) I would rather she _( not do) that just now.(2) I would rather you _(pay) me now.(3) I would rather you _(paint) the wall green next time.would 可看作表愿望的实义动词。hant donepaidpainted6.以in order that, so that 引起的从句：The professor spoke slowly in order that the listeners could hear h

23、im clearly.7.以It is (high) time引起的从句：eg. It is time we stopped/should stop this practice.主谓一致语法一致意义一致Five and five are ten.(将five and five看作并列主语 )Ten years have passed since the founding of the Union.(将ten years看作复数 )Five and five is ten.(将five and five看作一个整体 )Ten years is a moment in history.(将ten

24、years看作一段时间 )(1)根据意义一致的原则，加减乘除运算多用单数：Twenty divided by four _ five.Five times seven _ thirty-five.(2)“Many a +名词”或“more than one+名词”，意义虽复数，但根据语法一致的原则：Many a man _ (do) his duty.More than one game _(lose).has donewas lost1.就近原则：由or, eitheror, neithernor , not onlybut also连接Mr. Wang or I _ (be) to take the job.Either Mary or her classmates _ (be) wrong.Not only Wang Li but also his girlfriend _ (scold) by the teacher. 注意：here, there引导的句子,如有并列主语，谓语动词也按就近原则。Here _ (be) a stamp and an envelope for you.There _ (be) two pencils, a pen, a ruler and a rubber in the b