工商管理专业英语词汇

1、Unit 1 The Evolution of Management as a Field of Study evolution n. the process of developing 发展 generalize v. to infer from many particulars 概括 autobiography n. the biography of a person written by that person 自传 memoir n. an account of the person experiences of an author 回忆录，自传 extremely ad. Being

2、 in or attaining the greatest or highest degree 极度地 anthropologist n. someone who studies anthropology 人类学家 perspective n. the way in which a situation or problem in judged so that proper consideration is given to each part 合理观察，视角turnover n. the number of workers hired by an establishment to replac

3、e those whohave leftin a given period of time 人员更替数approach n. the method used in dealing with or accomplishing 方法 contingency n. a possibility that must be prepared for 可能事件，可能出现的情况 dynamic a. characterized by continuous change 不断变化的 confrontation n. discord or a clash of opinions and ideas 观点或思想的不

4、断冲撞 incur v. to acquire or come into 获得 compromise v. something that combines qualities or elements of different things 折中 interdependent a. mutually dependent 互相依存的 characteristic n. a feature that helps to identify 特性 popularity n. the quality or state of being popular 普及 sole a. of or relating to

5、 only one individual or group 单独的 reliance n. the act of relying or the state of being reliant 依赖，依靠 sufficient a. being as much as is needed 充足的 alliance n. the act of becoming allied or the condition of being allied 结盟 demographic n. of or relating to demography 人口统计 complement v. to serve as a co

6、mplement to 补足 Unit 2 The Scope of Management entail v. to have, impose, or require as a necessary accompaniment or consequence 伴随 conform v. to act or be in accord or agreement 使和谐一致 envision v. to picture in the mind 想象 affordable a. that can be afforded 买得起的 strive v. to exert much effort or ener

7、gy 努力 mission n. special assignment given to a person or group 任务 informercial n. a commercial television program or relatively long commercial segment offering consumer information 商业信息片franchise n. authorization granted to someone to sell or distribute a company s goods or services in a certain ar

8、ea 特许经营权tactical a. of, relating to, or using tactics 战术的 departmental a. 部门的 peer n. a person who has equal standing with another or others 同等的人，与他人在爵位、 阶级或年龄上相当的人interpersonal a. relating to, occurring among, or involving several people 人与人之间的 foster v. to promote the growth and development of 促进

9、pervasive a. having the quality or tendency to pervade or permeate 渗透性的stakeholder n. one who has a share or an interest 股东 flourish v. to be in a period of highest productivity 活跃 automotive a. moving by itself 自动的 nonroutine n. 非常规程序analogue n. something that bears an analogy to something else 类似情

10、况Unit 3 What are Orgnizations ?beast n. something a thing 事物 organization n. a group of people with special purpose, such as a club or business 团体，组 织，机构，社团invention n. something invented 发明物contrivance n. device or tool, esp. one made by an individual for a particular puipose 发明物； 器械patronage n. al

11、l the patrons of a shop, hotel, etc, as a group 为了赞助而产生的 impact n. the force of an idea, invention, system, etc. 影响力 perspective n. the way in which a matter is judged, so that consideration and importance is five to each part 判断事物的方法association n. the act of joining or the state of being joined wit

12、h somebody or something联合；结合；结交very a. （used for giving force to an expression）（ 用于强调 ） 正是；完全；实在 whim n. a sudden idea or wish, often not reasonable 突起的（怪）念头；一时的兴致 fancy n. an image, opinion, or idea imagined and not based on fact 无事实根据的幻觉，意 见或看法achieve v. to finish successfully 完成；实现soul n. a perso

13、n 人；灵魂 guidelines n. the main points about something which is to be dealt with指导方针；行动纲领bridge v. to build a brige across 架桥gap n. an amount of distance pr difference 差异；差距；歧异by virtue of in virtue of 依靠；由于 survival n. something which has continued to exist from an earlier time 生存 behavior n. way of

14、behaving 行为；举动 subset n. a set contained within a set 子集 maintenance n. the act of maintaining 维持；维护；保养；赡养 turnover n. the number of workers that are hired by a firm to fill theplaces of workers whohave left in a particular period 人员更新efficiency n. the state or quality of being efficient 功效；效率；效能 in

15、tellectual a. concerning the intellect 智力的limitation n. the fact or conditions of limiting or being limited 限制事实或状态 chart n. information written or draw in the form of a picture graph, etc. , usu. With the intention of making it understood 图表predict v. to see or describe in advance as a result of kn

16、owledge, experience, reason, etc. 预 言；预测Unit 4 Developing Qpality and Competitive Advantageinnovative a. marked by or given to innovations 革新的，创新的optimize v. to make as perfect or effective as possible 使最优化，使尽可能底完善或有效 medieval a. relating or belonging to the Middle Ages 中世纪的 tenant n. one that pays

17、rent to use or occupy land, a building, or other property ownedbyanother 佃户usher v. to precede and introduce 宣告，展示介绍；开始，开创 exotic a. intriguingly unusual or different 异乎寻常的；奇异的 strenuous a. requiring great effort, energy, or exertion 艰巨的， 需要巨大努力、 能量或投入 的hazardous a. marked by danger 带有危险性的；危险的artifi

18、cial intelligence the ability of machine to perform those activities that are normally thought to require intelligence 人工智能navigational n. an original type, from, or instance that serves as a model on which later stages are based or judged 原型chassis n. the rectangular steel frame, supported on sprin

19、gs and attached to the axles, that holds the body and motor of an automotive vehicle 底盘 carousel n. a circular conveyor on which objects are displayed or rotated 旋转式传送带 outmaneuver v. to overcome by artful, clever maneuvering 智胜，在机智、谋略上胜过 CEO Chief Executive Officer 执行总裁Unit 5 Competitive Industry E

20、nvironment Analysis long-term a. involving, maturing after, or being in effect for a long time 长期的 aggregation n. a group or formed by this 集合体 carbonated a. containing carbon dioxide 充了碳酸气的 root beer n. 以黄樟油、冬青油为香料的无醇饮料 ale n. any of various type of beer, esp. one that is pale in color 麦酒 caffeine

21、n. a bitter white alkaloid,C8H10N4O2 咖啡因 alignment n. the act of aligning or the condition of being aligned 结盟 meaningless a. having no meaning or significance 无意义的，无价值的 withdrawal n. retreat of military force in the face of enemy or after a defeat 撤退 vertical integration 垂直统一管理 interactive a. actin

22、g or capable of acting on each other 互相作用的 deli n. a delicatessen 熟食店 buffet n. a meal at which guests serve themselves from various dishes displayed in a table or sideboard 自助餐nutrition n. the process of nourishing or being nourished 营养 slacken v. to make or become less vigorous 缓和 pharmaceutical a

23、. of or relating to pharmacy or pharmacists 制药的 neuroscience n. any of the sciences, such as neuroanatomy and neurobiology, that deal with the nervous system 神经科学inflammatory a. characterized or caused by inflammation 发炎的 niche n. a special are of demand for a product or service 产品或服务所需的特殊领域 preempt

24、ive a. undertaken or initiated to deter or prevent an anticipated, usually unpleasant situation or occurrence 先发制人的entrant n. one that enters, especially one that enters a competition 参加竞赛者 cellular phone n. 便携式电话dramatically ad. catching and holding the imagination by unusual appearance or effects

25、戏 剧地，引人注目地replenishment n. something added to complete a thing, make up for a deficiency 补给，补充 backward integration 后向合并 alleviate v. to make more bearable 减轻 oleomargarine n. margarine 人造黄油，人造奶油tinplate n. very thin sheets of iron or steel covered with tin 镀锡铁皮；马口铁 maturity n. the state or quality

26、of being fully frown or developed 成熟 shakeout n. 经济衰退cereal n. a grass such as wheat, oats, or corn, the starchy grains of which are used as food 谷 物razor n. a sharp-edged cutting instrument used especially for shaving the face or removing other body hair 剃刀Unit 6 Materials and Process Management of

27、 a Company inventory n. the quantity of goods and materials on hand 库存 submit v. to commit to the con siderati on or judgme nt of ano ther使听从bidder n. one who attempts to win a contract by bidding 投标人obsoletea.outmoded in design, style, or construction 过时的establishv.to set up 建立resourcen.the total m

28、eans available to a company for increasing productionor profit,including plant, labor, and raw material 储备力量stockpilev.a supply stored for future use, usually carefully accrued and maintained储存calculatev.to make an estimate of 计算interchange v. to give and receive mutually 交换telecommunication n. the

29、electronic systems used in transmitting messages, as by telegragh, cable, telephone, radio, or television 电讯executive n. a person or group having administrative or managerial authority in an organization 经营管理人simulation n. representation of the operation or features of one process or system through

30、the use of another 模拟principle n. a fixed or predetermined policy or mode of action 准则eliminate v. ti get rid of 消除multifunction a. 多功能的flexible a. responsive to a delay 可变通的；灵活的holdup n. an interruption or a delay 停顿incentive n. something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation of reward

31、, that induces action or motivates effort 诱因；动机coordinate v. to harmonize in a common action or effort 调整Unit 7 Operating Statement of a Companywholesale a. of, relating to, or engaged in the sale of goods in large quantities for resale 批发 clarity n. clearness of thought or style 清晰readability n. in

32、teresting or easy to read 易读，可读性 concise a. expressing much in few words 简明的，简洁的 inventory n. the quantity of goods and materials on hand 库存gross sales 销售总额 net sales 扣除销货折扣和退货后净额 margin n. the minimum return that an enterprise may earn still pay for itself 最低利润 gross profit 毛利，总利润，利润毛额 sales salari

33、es 销售人员的工资 advertising expense 广告费用 office salaries 办公室或一般文秘人员工资 miscellaneous a. made up of a variety of parts or ingredients 混杂的 seemingly ad. apparently; ostensibly 表面上地 skeleton n. a supporting structure or framework 构架 invoice n. a detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all costs 发货清单refund n. a repayment of funds 退款 cancellations n. the act or an instance of canceling 取消 Unit 8 Human Resource Management: An Overview utilization n. mak