人教新课标知识点总复习必修二_Unit_4_Wildlife_protection概要

1、Unit 4 Wildlife protection核心单词decreasev.减少；（使）变小；变少n.减少；降低；减少的数量，其后常接介词in/of联想拓展decrease （sth.） to/by . 减少到/了increase vi.&vt.增加；增长；增强n.增加；增加的数量increase to/by 增力口至U /了on the decrease/increase 在减少 /增力口易混辨析reduce/decreasereduce 强调在 数量、大小，程度或强度 ”方面下降或减少。decrease侧重强调 稳定地，逐渐地，不断地 “减少。They are making every

2、 effort to decrease the production cost.他们正在尽力降彳氐生产成本。The membership decreased to 150.会员数减少到了 150人。The number of students in the class has decreased by 20.班级里的人数减少了 20人。There has been a decrease in our imports.我们的进口数量减少了。高手过招完成句子（原创）这些措施将有助于降低生产成本。will help the cost of production.人口出生率正在下降。The birth

3、rate is 答案： These measures; decrease on the decreasesuggestvt.建议；提出（意见、计划、理论等）；暗示；表明常用结构：suggest+doing建议做suggest sb./sb. s doing sth.建议某人做某事（不说suggest sb. to do sth.）suggest sth. to sb. 向某人提议 （不能说suggest sb. sth.）suggest （to sb.）+that从句（向某人）建议。（所接从句用虚拟语气：sb.+should+动词原形，should 可以省略）It is suggested t

4、hat . 建议是suggest sth.暗示；表明suggest+that从句 暗示；表明 （从句用陈述语气）suggest sth. to sb. 使某人想起 I suggest doing it in another way.我建议换一种方式做这件事。They suggested another shop to us.他们向我们建议了另一家商店。She suggested that we （should ） have lunch at the new restaurant.她建议我们在那家新开的餐馆吃午餐。Her expression suggested that she had tol

5、d a lie.她的表情表明她撒了谎。温馨提示suggestion, advice, proposal作 建议”讲时，相关的名词性从句要用虚拟语气。My suggestion is that we （should） go to the cinema together.我建议我们一块儿去看电影。（表语从句）It s suggested that you （should） stay here for another week.建议你在这儿再彳f 一个星期。（主语从句）He gave me an suggestion that I should go to Shanghai for a holida

6、y.他建议我去上海旅游。（同位语从句） 高手过招 单项填空His suggestion to see the art exhibition interested everyone of us. （2009 12 山东潍坊检测）A. that we goB. which we should goC. that we would go D.when we should go解析：选 Ao不管是suggest的何种形式，在句子中有 建议”之意时，后接的从句必须用 虚拟语气。affectvt.影响；侵袭；相当于；使感动；激起（悲伤、愤怒、爱等情绪）affect = have an effect on

7、vt.影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭be greatly/deeply affected彳艮/深受感动be affected by heat/cold 中暑 /着凉be affected with high fever 发高烧My teacher s talk with me affected my studies in the coming years.Weather affects planting.Much by the story of Cong Fei , I am also determined to be a volunteer worker.A. affected B. Affect

8、ing C. admired D. effected 易混辨析affect/effect/influenceaffect vt.表示 影响，（病）侵袭”，多指不好的影响。当 affect的宾语是人时，它表示 引起心智或感情上的影响，即使感动”。effect表示 影响”时，是名词，指由于某种原因直接产生的结果，常用短语为：have aneffect on对 有影响；in effect正在实行；实际上； side effect副作用；take effect开始实 行；开始生效； without effect 没有效果； come into effect 生效；实施； bring/carry sth

9、. intoeffect 使生效；be of no effect 无效果。influence多指对人的思想、观念、心理情绪等内在的东西产生潜移默化的影响，或对人的决定、行为等造成某种程度的影响。The disease is beginning to affect her brain.疾病逐渐侵袭她的大脑。We are deeply affected by his devotion to work.他对工作的奉献令我们深受感动。The book had a great influence on his life.这本书对他的人生影响很大。He is, in effect, my rival. 实

10、际上，他是我的竞争对手。高手过招单项填空Sichuan province by the earthquake , causing difficulties to the post festival road transport.(2009 11 陕西西安检测)A. were affectedB. was affectedC. had effectedD. has affected解析：选Bo affect为动词，意思是 影响；感动；effect为名词，意思是 影响；效果”。 根据句意选择Boappreciatevt.欣赏；感激；意识到；体会；理解appreciate后可接名词、代词、动名词、名

11、词性从句等作宾语，但不能接不定式。表示感激，感谢”时，其后的宾语只能为物”，不能为 人”。其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需借助 it,即：appreciate it if/when .。易混辨析appreciate/thankappreciate意为 感激，感谢”时的结构为：appreciate (doing) sth.appreciate it if/when .thank表示 感谢”时的结构为：thank sb. for sth.。I appreciate your ability very much.我很欣赏你的能力。We shall appreciate

12、 hearing from you again.能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。I appreciate that you have come here so early.感谢你来得这么早。I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.如果你能帮助我做这件事， 我 将不胜感激。高手过招单项填空I really appreciateA. to have had timeC. to have timeto relax with you on this nice island.B. having timeD. to ha

13、ving time解析：选Bo考查appreciate的搭配。此处appreciate意为 欣赏“，其后不能接动词不定式 作宾语，而只能用名词或动名词形式。mercyn.仁慈；宽恕；宽容；恩惠；幸运；怜悯 常用结构：at the mercy of sb./sth. have mercy on/upon show mercy to sb.without mercy任由某人（某事物）摆布或控制 对有怜悯心宽恕/怜悯某人毫不留情地；残忍地They showed mercy to their enemies.他们对敌人很仁慈。It s a mercy she wasn t hurt in the ac

14、cident.她在事故中未受伤，真幸运。高手过招翻译（原创）那只船在暴风雨中失去了控制。可怜可怜我们吧！答案： The ship was at the mercy of the storm. Have mercy on us!huntvi.&vt.打猎,猎取；搜索Wolves hunt in packs.狼是成群猎食的。Police are hunting an escaped criminal.警方正在追捕逃犯。常用结构：hunt for试图找到（某人/物）hunt after探求；追求答案： I m hunting for a lost book. Many people hunt aft

15、er fame all their lives but never find it.includevt.包括；包含include侧重指范围，其主语和宾语属于同类，是整体与部分的关系。后面常接名词、代词、 动名词作宾语。The trip includes a visit to Beijing.旅行包括到北京参观。联想拓展contain vt.表示包含，含有；能容纳”，侧重指内容或成分，其主语和宾语不属于同类。This fruit contains a lot of vitamins.这个水果含有丰富的维他命。hold vt.表示 容纳；盛有 ”；表示 里面装有”时可与contain互换。This

16、 room can hold 50 people.这间屋子能容纳 50 人。高手过招用include的适当形式填空Our group has ten students, TomWe will learn 7 subjects this term, PE.(2)单项填空Even if they didn t the cost of food in the tour, it s still a cheap vacation to the U.S.A. Hold B. containC. share D. Include解析： included including(2)选Do根据句意可知用包括。而c

17、ontain多用来强调所包含的内容本来就是物体固有的一部分。重点短语die out灭绝；逐渐消失；灭亡联想拓展die for渴望；很想die to do渴望；很想die away （尤指声音、光、风）逐渐消失；停止die down （兴奋、激动等情绪）渐弱；渐息；平息die off （家族，种族等）相继死亡；（草木）枯死die of,除此之外的原die from/of因而死；通常由疾病、饥寒、情感原因造成的死亡用因用 die from。Many species will soon die out if we don t take action.如果我们不采取行动，许多物种将很快灭绝。Many

18、old customs have died out.许多旧的风俗已不复存在。高手过招(1)单项填空This kind of plants are . Some day theywill forever.(2009 12 甘肃天水检测)dying off ; die outdying away ; die offdying down ; die outdying out ; die awayUnfortunately, the soldier died a wound in the chest. (2009 12 山东德州检测)A. fromB. outC. offD. down(2)用die的

19、相关短语填空(3)The noise of the car in the distance.The old traditions are .The man a wound.die off。后面表示有一天会永 I m something to eat.解析:(1)选Ao前面句子用了进行时，表示正在灭亡，故用 远消失，故用 die out。选A。根据句意此处soldier死的原因应该是胸部受伤。(2) died away dying out died from dying forprotect .from .保护免受,后接较小的事情或危害，如： frost, harm, catching cold

20、 。联想拓展protect .against .后接较大的事情，如：战争、灾害、重税、威胁等。keep sb. from doing sth. prevent/stop sb.(from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sb. doing sth.使某人一直做某事defend .from/against 保卫以抵御易混辨析defend/protect/guard/preservedefend保卫；防护；防守(含有采取措施抵制进攻的意思) ；protect常含有提供安全 的方式来驱开不适、伤害或进攻的意思；guard含有看守白意思；preserve指采取措施维护、保护、保存。Yo

21、u must learn to protect yourself from the danger.你必须学会保护自己，免遭危险。She had to defend herself against the guard dog.她不得不防备看门狗咬她。A policeman was guarding the entrance to the embassy.一位警察正守卫在大使馆出口处。It is one of the duties of the police to preserve public order.警察的职责之是维持公共秩序。高手过招单项填空Use the umbrella to you

22、rself fromthe rain.A. preventB.protectC. defendD.protection解析：选 Bo prevent sb. from doing sth.防止某人干某事，意思类似于stop/keep sb. fromdoing sth. ； protect sb. from sth.保护某人免遭伤害；defend保卫；防护；防守(含有采取措 施抵制进攻的意思)。pay attention to 一、/ 在思联想拓展bring sth. to one s attention 使某事弓I起某人注意call/draw one s attention to sth.

23、使某人注意某事draw/catch/attract one s attention 弓 I起某人的注意fix/focus/concentrate one s attention on sth.集中注意力于某事物You should pay attention to your spelling.你要注意自己的拼写。高手过招完成句子他的提议没有引起任何注意。No attention his advice.他提醒我注意一些新的证据。He some new evidence.答案： was paid to called/drew my attention tocome into being形成；产生（

24、不可用于被动语态或进行时） 联想拓展come into existence 形成；产生；开始存在come into effect/force/operation 开始生效； 开始实施come into use 开始被使用come into power 上台执政come into fashion 开始流行come into office 就职 come into action 开始行动We do not know when this world came into being.我们不知道世界是何时形成的。高手过招单项填空Before the computer , people could nev

25、er imagine it could bring about such great changes to human life.（2009 12 福建龙岩一中检测）A. came into being B. was discoveredC. was come into being D. was formed解析：选 Ao句意为：在电脑出现之前，人们绝不会想到它会给人类的生活带来如此巨大的变化。电脑不能说是 被发现“或被形成的，排除B、D两项。come into being不能用于 被动语态和进行时，排除 C项，故选A。重点句型Why are they in danger of disappe

26、aring?它们为什么处于灭绝的危险中？常用结构：in danger （of）在危险中be in danger of 有的危险be out of danger 脱离危险The girl s life was obviously in immediate danger.很明显，这女孩的生命危在旦夕。The sick man is in danger of death.这位病人有死亡的危险。The wounded policeman is now out of danger. 受伤的警察已脱离危险。联想拓展be a danger to sb./sth. 危险白勺人/因素be dangerous f

27、or 对有危险endanger vt. 危害，危及endangered adj.有危险的；濒临灭绝的高手过招完成句子他再这样下去会丢掉工作的。He is losing his job if he goes on like this.警察说这个男人对于公众来说是个危险分子。The police said the man was the public.答案： in danger of a danger toThey lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans come into being.千百万年前，恐

28、龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多。long before .在之前很长一段时间I knew the news that they were invited to the party, long before you told me.早在你告诉我之前很久我就知道他们被邀请来参加晚会的消息了。答案： They had known each other long before I knew them.long to do sth / long for sth15、a species / many species16、respond vi.回答，响应做出反应respond toK?回答/有反应/

29、有作用in response to 回答；回应give/make a response to.对作出回答 /回应respond with a smile以微笑回答respond with a blow 报之击（全国高考）The government has to public pressure and dropped the proposal.A. answeredB. got C. accepted D. responded17、relief n.（痛苦或忧虑的）减轻或解除in relief 如释负重地；松了 口气；轻松地，欣慰地 It was a great relief to find

30、the children safe.归纳：in relief如释重负；松了 口气get relief from sth.to my relief令我感到解脱的是relieve ones mind 解除某人的顾虑relieve sb. of sth.解除某人的（负担等）There was a widespread that with scientific , timely and effective treatment , furtherdeaths had been stopped on Sanlu event.A . satisfaction B. tension C. astonishme

31、nt D. relief18、in 名词一表示某人或某物的状态或状况in dangerin ruinsin silencein good condition / statein high spiritsin low spiritsin peacein tears 流着泪in angerin sorrowin surprisein debtIn delightburst into laughter / tears /a song burst out laughing /crying /singing without mercy / with no mercy归纳：have mercy on sb

32、 对某人仁慈Now people no longer have mercy on beggars.be at the mercy of任由？?摆布；在？?掌握之中The boat was at the mercy of the storm.beg?for mercy 乞求？?怜悯Its a mercy.真是幸运？It was clear that the small grocer was people he owed money to.A . at the expense of B. at the risk of C. in the way of D. at the mercy of22、co

33、ntain / include（1）contain包含、含有、内装。侧重“整体内含有，指在某一范围内或容器能容纳某物。不用于进行时态。如：These valleys contain gold mines.The box contains a lot of gifts.（2）include包括。侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。The list includes my name.The wallet contains 500 yuan and a key.The class of twenty includes 7 girls.汪思：Six people were injured in the a

34、ccident, including a boy.=Six people were injured in the accident, a boy included.23、appreciate v .赏识；鉴赏；感激appreciate n./doing 感激（欣赏；觉得？；感谢？）appreciate it if 从句 感激?appreciation n .鉴赏；感激I appreciate your help / your helping me very much.Do you appreciate music?I really appreciate the importance of yo

35、ur job.（2009 -浙江宁波十校联考 ）一Did you enjoy yourself last night?Yes, its very nice of you.I appreciated to the party.A . to be invited B. to have invitedC. having been invited D. being invited（2009 复旦大学附中）Id appreciate if you could lend me a hand with myhomework.A . so B. it C. that D. you24、die out灭绝；逐渐

36、消失die out绝种，灭绝；熄灭；（风俗、习惯等）逐渐消失，不用于被动语态die away逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊，逐渐消失die off （家族、种族等）相继死亡；（草木）先后枯死die down （火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等）渐弱，渐息die of指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等die from指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死dying (现在分词)快要死了dead adj.死亡的death n .死亡(2008 云南昆明高三适应性考试)It is widely concerned that this kind of species israpidly.A . dying out

37、 B . dying down C . dying away D. dying back25、loss n,损失；丧失at a loss茫然；不知所措suffer great losses 遭受重大损失protect sb. /sth.from 保护？?免受(伤害等)protectfrom/against保护？?免受？prevent/stop/keepfrom 阻止？干？提示：prevent/stopfrom 中的from 在主动句中可以省略，而keepfrom 中的from 不能省略27、employ vt.雇用，用，使用，使忙于 n .雇用in the employ of 受？?雇用in

38、sb.s employ 受？?雇用out of employ 失业employ oneself (in) doing从事于；花时间在 ?To our surprise , the firm the retired professor as an adviser.A. considered B. employed C. looked on D. thought about28、come into being 形成，产生，开始存在come into power 上台执政come into effect 生效come into use 开始使用29、certain(1)for certain 无疑地

39、；确定地be certain(sure)to do sth.be certain(sure)of sth.又?有把握make certain (that.)弄清楚；弄明白；弄确实make certain of sth./of doing sth. 确保(做某事)It is certain that.肯定？(2)make sure of sth./doing sth.把？弄清楚；确保make sure that.务必；确保be sure of (about) sth./doing sth.表示确信”，指句子的主语对某事有信心。be sure to dosth.表示“一定会做某事”，指说话者对某事

40、有信心或命令别人做某事。现在完成进行时态(1)表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。Ive beenwaiting for an hour but she still hasn t come.(2)表不动作刚刚结束(有时指出现结果)My clothes are wet, I ve been walking in the rain.(3)表示动作的重复性。(指断断续续，而非一直不停)She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时，是英语中，动词的一种基本时态，其构成为：

41、主语 +助动词（have/has）+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分。其表达的意思有两种：1.表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。2.表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。时态简介现在完成进行时 （Present perfect continuous）主语+have （has） been+动词-ing（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）I have been learning E

42、nglish since three years ago.自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）I study for English since 10 years ago.（二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了（人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。They have been living in this city for ten years.They have lived in this city for

43、ten years.他们在这个城市已经住了10年。I have been working here for five years.I have worked here for five years.我在这里已经工作五年。（四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书。I have written a book.（动作已经完成）我已经写了一本书。They have been building a bridge.他们一直在造一座桥。They have built a bridge.他们造了一座桥。

44、（五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。I have known him for years.我认识他已经好几年了。* I have been knowing.这类不能用于现在完成进行时的情态动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌，等等。时态比较1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week , ago, in1980, in October, jus

45、t now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight,this April, now, once ， before, already, recently ， lately现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语3） 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态， 动词一般是延续性的， 如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有c

46、ome, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。举例：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。 ） I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。 ）Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。 ）Who hasnt handed in his paper?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。 ）She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday.她

47、是昨天回来了。He has been in the League for three years.（在团内的状态可延续）He has been a League member for three years.（是团员的状态可持续）He joined the League three years ago.（ 三年前入团， joined 为短暂行为。 ）I have finished my homework now.-Will somebody go and get Dr. White?-Hes already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词 （如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960 ） 时， 不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter