动词时和体一

1、关于动词的时和体一第一张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月Brief Introduction英语动词有两种时（一般现在时，一般过去时），六种体（现在进行体，过去进行体，现在完成体，过去完成体，现在完成进行体，过去完成进行体），两种态（主动态，被动态），三种式（陈述式，祈使式，虚拟式）第二张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月I. Uses of Simple Present1. 表不受时限的客观存在，包括客观真理、 格言事实等2. 表现在习惯动作，现在习惯性经常性发生 的动作，常与频度副词连用( always, hardly ever= almost never) 我们常10点钟上

2、床睡觉. We are usually in bed by 10.第三张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月3. 表现时状态和现在瞬间动作，只适用于 静态动词或表示短暂动作的动态动词动态动词: 表运动状态的动词 jump, hit, open, close （表短暂动作）静态动词：表相对静止状态的动词 如be动词，表感觉的动词 feel, 表心理状态的动词think( 表示的意义具有持续性)第四张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月4. 表将来时间 （三种句型）1）I hope/ I bet + that 分句中, 可用一般现在时表将来 I hope he likes my gift.

3、 (will like) I bet it rains tomorrow. (will rain)2）see ( to it)/ make sure/ make certain + that 分句中 I ll see that nobody disturbs you ( will disturb).3）if/ when 引导的条件分句或时间分句中 注：1）和2）中的分句可换成将来时，3）不能第五张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月5. 表过去时间 I hear you have got a part-time job. = I heard you got/ had got a part-

4、time job. 能用一般现在时表示过去时间的动词: tell, say, hear, learn, gather（了解，推测，得知） 等或称作：历史性现在时 (Historic Present)第六张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月II Uses of Simple Past1. 表过去时间 We had a meeting yesterday afternoon. 一般过去时表示的时间与现在不发生关系， 已成为过去/不复存在，比较： I studied in Canada for 7 years. ( 现已不在加拿大) I have studied in Canada for 7

5、 years. （可能在加拿大也可能在别地）第七张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月2. 表现在时间和将来时间1）I wondered if you could help me. ( want, wonder, think, hope) 表现在时间，相当于I wonder, 区别在前者表婉转语气。第八张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月2）表与现在事实相反的主观设想或对将来的主观设想，不能换为一般现在时We are really tired. Its time we had a rest. If I had money, I d buy a big house. Id rather

6、 you went now. ( wish) 第九张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月Exercise 11BPut the verbs in brackets into the simple present or the simple past:Ill make sure that everything _ (be) in order.2. I hope (that) I _ (see) you there.3. See that you _ (be) ready at 8 oclock.4. Im getting tired - its time we _ (go) home.5.

7、Id rather you _ (buy) a car.issee / will seearewentbought第十张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月6. I feel as if my head _ (be) on fire.7. Isnt it about time you _ (set to) and _ (do) some work？8. Its high time we _ (have) a rest.9. He acts as if he _ (know) English perfectly.10. I wish I _ (know) his name.11. Id ra

8、ther you _ (live) closer to us.12. I _ (wonder) if you were free this evening.wasset todidhadknewknewlivedwonderedExercise 11B第十一张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月13. I hope you _ (sleep) well.14. I _ (say) you are wrong.15. John _ (tell) me that there was a car accident last night.16. I _ (hear) old Mrs Smith h

9、as lost her cat.17. I _ (want) to ask if I could borrow your ladder.18. The ten oclock news _ (say) its going to be cold tomorrow.Exercise 11Bsleep / will sleepsaytellshearwantedsays第十二张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月Exercise 11B19. I _ (suggest) you phone me tomorrow.20. Two and three _ (make) five. I hope sh

10、e _ (not dislike) the flowers.22. If only I _ (have) more money, I could buy some new clothes.23. I bet I _ (get) there before you.24. Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you _ (come) next weekend.suggestmake / makesdoesnt dislikehadgetcame第十三张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月Exercise 11B25. A: I havent got a table cl

11、oth. B: Suppose we _ (use) a sheet?26. A: Daddy, can I watch TV? B: Suppose you _ (do) your homework first?27. If it _ (rain), the match would be cancelled.28. I _ (gather) Peters looking for a job.29. Mr Smith _ (step) into his office, _ (sit) down and _ (begin) to fill in the forms.use(d)do / didr

12、ainedgathersteppedsatbegan第十四张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月Exercise 11B30. At rise, the stage _ (be) dark. It _ (be) two-thirty in the morning and a hot, midsummers day has just begun. It _ (be) silent MEL EDISON, in pajamas, robe and slippers _ (sit) alone on the tiny sofa, smoking a cigarette. He _ (rub) h

13、is face anxiously, then _ (cough) isisissitsrubscoughs第十五张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月III Uses of Present Progressive1. 表正在进行的动作 We are learning English grammar.2. 表现阶段一直在进行的动作 ( 一种暂时性，不是长期性) 与频度副词 always等连用时表示感情色彩,比较: You are always complaining about your work. (感情色彩) You always complain about your work. (

14、说明事实)第十六张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月3. 表按计划近期内即将发生的动作 I am leaving China in a few weeks.注：用现在进行体表将来，句中要有表将来的 时间状语（上下文），否则歧义，例如： Are you doing anything special tonight? (表示将来) Are you doing anything special now? (表示说话时正在进行的动作)第十七张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月4. 其他用法1) 表刚刚过去的动作，只适用于口语 You know I am telling the truth.

15、 what I am talking about.2）表婉转口气 I am hoping/ wondering you will help me.第十八张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月Exercise 11DPut the verbs in brackets into the simple presentOr the present progressive:My sister _ (live) at home for the moment.2. You _ (live) in North London, dont you?3. Why _ that girl _ (stand) on

16、 the table?4. Chetford Castle _ (stand) on a hill just outside the town.is livingliveis standingstands第十九张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月Exercise 11D5. She _ (see) her doctor twice a week.6. The weather _ (get) better and better.7. We _ probably _ (spend) next weekend at home.8. Water _ (boil) at 212Fahrenheit

17、.9. The bottle _ (boil). Shall I make tea?10. George _ (get) up at five oclock every day this week to prepare for his examination.seesis gettingare spendingboilsis boilingis getting第二十张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月Exercise 11D11. He _ always _ (write) with a special pen - just because he likes to be differen

18、t.12. What _ you _ (talk about)? I cant make head or tail of it.is writingare talking about第二十一张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月IV. Uses of Past Progressive1. 表过去某时（点/段）正在进行的动作 What were you doing yesterday afternoon? I was studying in the library.2. 表过去某种习惯性动作3. 表过去将来时间里的动作 They were leaving a few days later第二

19、十二张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月4. 表现在时间和将来时间里的动作1）婉转语气 只限于 hope, want, wonder 等词 比较委婉程度： I wonder if you can help me. I wondered if you could help me. I am wondering if you can help me. I was wondering if you could help me.第二十三张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月2）主观臆想 用在 its time, I wish, Id rather, if 条件句中，和一般过去时用法无区别,如

20、： It is time we were having a rest. It is time we had a rest.第二十四张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月5. 过去进行体与一般过去时比较 过去时 过去进行体已经完成的动作 未完成的动作陈述事实 侧重动作的持续性较短的动作 较长的动作 随意、无目的动作 动作的时间顺序 第二十五张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月Tense and Aspect IIKey Points: Uses of present perfective (progressive)2. Uses of past perfective (progress

21、ive)第二十六张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月I. Uses of present perfective1. have/ has + ed分词构成 2. 两个主要用法：已完成用法；未完成用法 I have eaten my dinner. (发生在过去某时的动作到现在已经完成。) He has lived here for 10 years/ since 1999. (发生在过去某时的动作一直持续到现在有 可能继续。)第二十七张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月3. 区别：已完成用法通常不与段时间连用，未完成用法常与段时间连用。 I have finished my home

22、work. 已完成用法 I have known him for 8 years. 未完成用法II. Uses of present perfective progressive1. have/ has been +ing分词构成2. 用法与现在完成体未完成用法相仿，可以互换 He has lived here for 10 years. He has been living here for 10 years. (强调一种持续性)第二十八张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月3. 不能互换，比较： Who has eaten my dinner? （全吃光） Who has been e

23、ating my dinner? （有剩余） Example: 我工作了整整一天。 I have been working all day. 我学英语学了好些年了。 I have been learning English for quite a few years.第二十九张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月我真累了。我一直在打羽毛球，我已经很长时间没打。I am really tired. I have been playing badminton. I havent played for a long time.我认识这位作家有些年了，我一直都在读他写的小说。I have know

24、n this writer for several years. I have been reading his novels.第三十张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月III. Uses of past perfective1. had + ed 分词构成 2. 两个主要用法：已完成用法；未完成用法 相对的时间是过去：过去的过去，在过去某时之前发生的动作。 I had eaten my dinner before they came. 已完成 He told me that he had lived here for 10 years. 未完成 Example:第三十一张，PPT共五十

25、二页，创作于2022年6月当我们到达操场的时候，比赛已经开始了。When we got to / reached the playground, the match/game had begun.我还没来得及向他解释，他就走了。Before I explained to him, he had left.IV. Uses of past perfective progressive1. had been+ ing 分词构成2. 与现在完成进行体用法相仿，只是时间推移 到了过去。 Example:第三十二张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月在他大学毕业之前，他一直在努力地学习电脑。Befo

26、re he graduated from the college, he had been making efforts to learn computer.在老师到来之前，我已经在教室呆了五分钟了。By the time the teacher came, I had been staying in the classroom for 5 minutes. 第三十三张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月3. when/ before/ after/ until 引导的分句中过去完成体的用法。 表示动作先后，可以互换： When they came, I had eaten my dinn

27、er. I had eaten my dinner before they came. After I had eaten my dinner, they came. They didnt come until I had eaten my dinner. By the time they came I had eaten my dinner.第三十四张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月 注：1) 通常一个动作用一般过去时，一个用过去完成体。2) After /before 本身已经体现出动作的先后，所以也可都用一般过去时 I ate my dinner before they came

28、.After I ate my dinner, they came.两个动作可都用过去完成体，少，如by the time By the time they had come, I had eaten my dinner.第三十五张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月V. Imaginary use of past perfective1. 用于由if, if only, as if引导的分句中： If only you had told me before.2. 用于I wish, Id rather等结构后面的that- 分句中： I would rather you had told

29、 her the truth.3. 用于expect, think, intend, mean (= intend) want, suppose等动词，表示过去未曾实现 的希望、打算或意图： I had intended to make a cake, but I ran out of time.第三十六张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月VI. More on the use of perfective aspect1. 完成体与have got/ have got to 我得到了一本新字典。 I have got a new dictionary. 我有一本新字典。（口语） I ha

30、ve a new dictionary. I have got a new dictionary./ I have got no time. I have got to do it. = I have to do it.2. It is / will be the first time that I have been here. It was the first time that I had been here.第三十七张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月Multiple Choice_, the players began the game. A) Having taken our

31、 seats B) Being taken the seats C) After we had taken our seats D) Taking the seats2. The Curies discovered radium after they _. A) were married B) had been married C) married D) have marriedCC第三十八张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月3. “Lets hurry. The President is coming.” “Oh, hasnt he come yet? I was afraid we

32、_.” A) already miss him B) has already missed him C) had already missed him D) have already missed him4. You will hardly believe it, but this is the third time tonight someone _ me. A) telephoned B) has telephoned C) telephones D) should telephoneCB第三十九张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月5. You love your only son

33、and indulge him so much that you _ him harm. A) are doing B) have done C) will have done D) are doing to do6. The company _ a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet. A) is promised B) is promising C) has been promising D) promisedAC第四十张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月7. It has been about 7 years

34、since they _. A) got married B) got marry C) get married D) have married8. As a young man he did not know that he _ become famous later on. A) was to B) should C) was going to D) wouldAA第四十一张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月9. We _ the cold winter for the past 2 years. A) would have B) had C) have had D) have be

35、en having10. She _ when that young man dived in and saved her. A) drowned B) was drowning C) was going to drown D) had drownedDB第四十二张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月11. He _ many of the experiences he ever _ in his childhood. A) gradually forget had B) is gradually forgetting had C) was gradually forgetting had

36、 D) have gradually forgotten had12. You have been within an inch of life and _ it. A) havent known B) didnt know C) do not know D) hadnt knownBB第四十三张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月13. Our university is no longer what she _. A) had been B) had C) was D) will be14. She gave me that notebook on my birthday, and I

37、 _ it in my drawer. A) have since kept B) since kept C) am since keeping D) had since keptCA第四十四张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月15. You _ your books about. A) constantly leave B) are constantly leaving C) constantly left D) have constantly left16. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been all

38、possible, but I _ fully occupied the whole of last week. A) were B) had been C) have been D) wasBD第四十五张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月17. She _ clean out the space room last week, but was too much occupied at that time. A) intended to B) was intended to C) had intended to D) has intended to18. When I saw her s

39、miling face, I knew she _ good news of her husband. A) has B) has had C) had had D) was havingCC第四十六张，PPT共五十二页，创作于2022年6月19. He did not arrive until the meeting was nearly over, for the simple reason that he _ asleep while watching television. A) had fallen B) has fallen C) fell D) was falling20. Henry would rather that his girl friend _ in the same department as he does. A) works B)