上海张家浜楔形绿地城市设计及景观概念规划

1、念规划/SasakiAssociates以前所未有的湿地及林地栖息地重塑了自然环境，生态改善和城市更新的催化剂。2016-09-20项目标签设计公司:Sasaki位置：中国类型：公园总体规划生态修复文章分类：景观标签：regionalscaleShanghai上海区域尺度来自Sasaki对gooood的分享。更多关于他们:SasakiongoooodAppreciationtowardsSasakiforprovidingthefollowingdescription:项目概况PROJECTINTRODUCTION张家浜是上海拟建的8个“楔形绿地”中的首个建设项目，建成之后，它将成为上海市最大

2、的公共公园。作为生态改善和城市更新的催化剂，张家浜公园打造了一片前所未有的湿地及林地栖息地，为这座逐渐远离自然体验的城市重塑了自然环境。为提升浦东新区居民的生活品质及该区域的生态水平，张家浜项目为自身设定了更高的目标。其复杂的生态结构与其整体性的解说计划，将会在作为世界最大的城市之一的上海注入崭新的环境观念。该项目中的景观策略对已有的人工化运河形态发出了挑战，它不仅会改善运河水质，更可以重建该地区的水生生态系统，从而提高生物多样性。通过细致严格的空间布局、地形利用、种植策略、水体设计和盛行风利用，该项目可提高空气质量及热舒适度，利用微气候的营造来缓解上海的城市热岛现象。通过多模式公共交通系统、

3、公园振兴计划及与周边地区的城市肌理的重新缝合，项目相邻地区的发展也得以促进。ZhangjiabangisthefirstofShanghaiseightplanned“greenwedges”andwillbecomethecityslargestpublicpark.Acatalystforecologicalandurbanrenewal,theparkcreatesanunprecedentedamountofwetlandandwoodlandhabitatthatredefinesthenaturalenvironmentinacitywhoseresidentshaveincrea

4、singlyfeweropportunitiestoexperiencenature.TotransformtheciviclifeandecologicalhealthofShanghaisPudongDistrict,Zhangjiabangaimshigher.Itscomplexecologies,coupledwithaholisticinterpretiveprogram,willfuelanewenvironmentalethosinoneoftheworldslargestcities.Bychallengingtheexistingengineeredcanaltypolog

5、y,thelandscapestrategyimproveswaterqualityandrebuildsthebiodiversityoftheregionsaquaticecosystems.Airqualityandthermalcomfortaredesignedthroughcarefulspatialconfigurations,utilizinglandform,plantingstrategies,waterbodies,andprevailingwindstocreatemicroclimatesthatrelieveShanghaisstiflingurbanheatisl

6、and.Adjacentdevelopmentisalsointegratedwithmulti-modalpublictransit,enliveningtheparkandreconnectingtheurbanfabricofthesurroundingcity.TrrrthHuimvyO#cuh沁MmhUKQPVGFhirkrqk-ti!irvttCvlAiirparfABREATHINCLANDSCAPEZHAN6HABANGPAWK44iwTHEFIR5TOFEIGHTPROPOSEDGREENWEDGESFORTHECITX；HANGJiABANGWILLBETHELARGEST

7、PUBLICPARKINSHANGHALMwHSQUrfTGMA1*阳1M,IMilA嘟!HINA412Hi&4Ehl场地背景SITECONTEXT张家浜项目面临着多重挑战。这片场地因高架公路、高压电走廊、各种道路及河道系统（其“现代化”的设计是为了以一种高人工化的方式对洪水进行防控）等基础设施的建设变得支离破碎。场地当前的问题还包括干道之间多处土地几近荒废、多处衰败的轻工业工厂附近垃圾场成堆等。此外，渠化河道皆由混凝土砌筑，河水水质不佳，附近土壤遭到破坏，整个场地的生物多样性极低。但就是在这样恶劣的环境之中，场地上仍存在着几处小型的农田和花园。来自Sasaki的设计团队试图将这些挑战转化为机

8、遇，为这片土地注入活力，通过效果显著的生态再生彻底改变场地现状，并借由项目的解说计划向人们讲述这一过程。Zhangjiabangscontextpresentedmultiplechallenges.Thesiteishighlyfragmentedbyinfrastructureincludinganelevatedhighway,ahigh-voltagepowercorridor,multipleroadways,andacanalsystemthatisbeingmodernizedforfloodcontrolinahighly-engineeredmanner.Existingco

9、nditionsincludederelictlandssurroundedbymajorroadsanddumpinggroundsintheshadowsofrun-downlightindustrialsites.Canalsareconcrete-lined,waterqualityisverypoor,soilsaredisturbed,andtheentiresiteisbiologicallyimpoverished.Withinthisdifficultsite,smallfarmsandgardensneverthelesspersist.TheSasakiteamsough

10、ttoconvertthesechallengesintoopportunities,creatingdynamismintheprogramanddefyingthestatusquowitharemarkablestoryofecologicalrebirtharticulatedthroughitsinterpretiveprogram.SkEENSPACEINCREASEJKcmrfsufcBA*HEA-n甩*_JFTENT:1HASWlTMiMUCHOF阳界扎八札MTEQ.ANDsanaunrABE3EmERELVDEGRADED严UA3AMS-TORMArEftISOFTtNlin

11、teatecjanoONrAMINAKED*=kWSSJJft.FFike-LinksintoIliE-P.irkopc-naidPor口mEKE5T3NGCHALLENGES-帥亠沪t&口1沖口11嗣匕eaPaichandsmteredveqE饰twnGOAL:RESTOREECOLOGYaImp*miV/pili-idCordCieatfrUtooSlandHafirtJtiGOALiENHANCEMICROCLIMATEB门!k勺门沁1|111疔护亡曲|叼由皿UwWaterandVeqetat：wwImprovlhemialComlortitIkTHE-5AVERSErPftaffLAM

12、iNCClRPCftATti、CNUSES.RECRtlAtiOiALAMErtinESAfiA怕心EDl-HAtBNEfltSpLLSL3iEtNT3qf3Hr4&MAiamKtCTWfhCiTynrnbCHAiLkiKt*EFdNLEOLjOGYENI-WMCEMCMDCUMAFI新型的生态ANEWECOLOGY由于上海的持续高速扩张，很多农村土地均已用作城市用地。数十年的工业发展早已严重破坏了整个环境系统，野生动植物所剩无几，生物物理环境恶劣。整个上海都会区林冠覆盖率仅为10%，远低于中国城市的平均值（25%）。近期发表的一系列生物学调查显示，所有研究设计的类群其生物多样性及丰富度都有明

13、显下降：上海地区的两栖动物多样性由14种降低至4种；城区的鸟类多样性较历史调查数据降低了63%；植物多样性也大幅降低。上海景观恢复的迫切性不言而喻，其也成为了张家浜公园设计策略的重要驱动因素。AsShanghaicontinuestorapidlyexpand,urbanlandcoverhasreplacedmuchoftheruralmatrix.Recentdecadesofindustrializationhaveresultedinenvironmentalconditionssoseverelydegradedthatlittlewildliferemainsandbiophysi

14、calconditionsaresevere.TreecanopycoverageacrosstheShanghaimetroareaisonly10%,whileChinasnationalaverageforcitiesis25%.Aseriesofrecentlypublishedbiologicalsurveysindicatethatspeciesdiversityandrichnessacrossallstudiedtaxahavedeclined.AmphibiandiversityinShanghaihasdecreasedfrom14speciesto4.Similarly,

15、totalaviandiversityinthecityhasdecreased63%fromhistoricsurveys.Plantdiversityshowssimilardeclines.TheimperativeforlandscaperestorationinShanghaiisself-evident,andthisrestorationisthedriverofthedesignstrategyforZhangjiabangPark.hFHEHCftEAEEDAREAOF$点TQlwAYSIMPROVESwATkQUALiTY.ANDlUREAlTSHA0ITATOPPOftT

16、UNrrtsiTHENEWPARKPflOPlJSES700UgFhOfMyGWCCm刖唧El/I30岸OFSHNCAI5NATrvEFEHSPECIESAktvuLnEft.LEroPOLLUTION,ANDL弘冉IWPACPED即HeiTAlL0$曲比NGJIA如jAdKWILL1t.EvEH5ETM$hTftEJMDE郭jaryEps詡ni时RriWi/SlitfirH-LnkmWildndSpSwni4j4*!ie,”.i.=s亦=_*-bLim中.a.fe-或利鈕；.A,iLJ-uifc1W-MFB444in11KIIEEWEm*.rliifc-rkL&iiqLj.irrai7心4i

17、叩m冲iiiii*|CnihpwfxjHni屁诂I脸寸Slruct!ZH*N&|AHAN&-3L6、HECTARESOFBEStOHEQ、WETLANDSMrfLLHAVEANEStMATEQiWACTOFOVERagixi.Qtwusdoll5per兀ardhTHE配E曲ONALECONOi?bSiillNGtHALLEM&LbNHANLEMlbmif/irbL0NHE匚IdrHECJTY46hkE5MEADOW；0PNHABITATEKBiinqTreeCarerMIhrZhnqjslMnqSite2T5HECIAWiFOfE5T/WOODLAMDHABITATPrpwedPeeGsvb,

18、InIhtNfiuPMk1twV*1bui*nfkFEiii斛ImAt-WILtbeL4flKIdvmHwhw-fguy:b、一EIM-1f-?.1I)簣:-ILG/tTW3NATbtHD丈“EI,30MUCHPOnNHALTOWOrOGUfHMJXF*IWlUA*O；8L1AftEAOOOMSOFAaDANCE1APLANTDtvEft$iTyIKSHANGHAIREGONHASOECREASEOBY3INT氐PAST、TWOOECADES.ZAMPHftlAND迎力ZHAMGJVKBANG1SHA9ITAT1JICPLENCHREGIONAL/rsLhI1080ZMANGJlANfiANS

19、-SWdODLiiMDS询ILLHELPTOlftOVlBEAOwOftTAB，EMEfcOCLWArEWITH卅鼻陥4D3ACEHTTOTHEPARK03NMAITQRLllTYHUSTOKl.-QLXKiY4HANCE.MKHUCLIMAlE宜人的微气候ACOMFORTABLEMICROCLIMATE项目在设计过程中对气候条件进行了细致的模拟，以通过地形改造、种植策略及经过计算的空间协同效应最大程度地改善热舒适度及空气质量。其中包括了林冠与水体的交替出现，开放空间的设计也利用当地夏季盛行的东南风，促进了整个场地的自然降温，使场地四季宜人。基于大量已发表的科学数据，项目中微气候的设计对整体规

20、划中生态系统服务将带来的社会生态效益进行了量化。据估计，张家浜公园中将种植至少10万棵树木，这将为整个场地带来切实的微气候效益并有效减少污染。现有的数据表明，得益于微气候的营造，公园中的气温可比上海市区低37C，这对于身处热浪中的市民而言将是一大福音。而公园中相对较深的湖泊也可利用其处于上风向的优势，促进热传递与蒸发降温，为整个公园带来阵阵宜人凉风。Thedesignprocessincludeddetailedclimatemodeling,withthegoalofmaximizingthermalcomfortandairqualitybenefitsthroughlandforms,p

21、lantingstrategies,andcalculatedspatialsynergies.Theprogramisconfiguredsuchthatalternatingforestcanopy,waterbodies,andopenfieldsarealignedwithprevailingsoutheastsummerwindstoenhancepassivecoolingandprovidefourseasonchoices.Thismicroclimatedesignisrichlyinformedbypublishedscientificdatawhichwasemploye

22、dtoquantifythesocio-ecologicalbenefitsofecosystemservicesprovidedbythemasterplan.Anestimatedminimumof100,000treeswillbeplantedinZhangjiabangPark,providingtangiblemicroclimatebenefitsandpollutionmitigation.Existingdatasuggeststhatthemicroclimateoftheparkwillbeontheorderof3-7degreesCelsiuscoolerthando

23、wntownShanghai,providingsignificantpublichealthbenefitsduringheatwaves.Zhangjiabangsrelativelydeeplakewillprovideincreasedheattransferandevaporativecoolingatanupwindpositionthatwilldecreasedownwindtemperaturesthroughouttheentirepark.IllIIIIIoIII|仙jiiin11ZHANGMAXIrdZES*TsCftWALCOMPOSIAKlAft、OtiAirryh

24、EkEfftsnrfioufiHPLANTIHiS$TftATEGlEi.*ANDCALtULArEO环仲LOONFICURAT1CIN5JRESTOREECCLDfflfBtSnhGCHAlLEJCFSENHANCEMKTRDCLWiTEHIM屉UTTDTHE口FTLi|tFrio-T建立持续的社会参与过程BUILDINGAROBUSTENGAGEMENTPROCESS张家浜公园在文化活动方面开展了创新性的线上活动，用户可以按时间和类别情景化地浏览活动内容，这吸引了众多市民的参与和支持。该项举措使得设计团队令客户、来自不同领域的科学家和专家、地区级设计机构，以及其他对本项目感兴趣的团体参与到

25、规划过程中来。设计团队反复听取交互会议中获取的信息，并应用到对公园元素及其配置的优化中。CulturalprogrammingforZhangjiabangParkgainedstakeholderinputthroughthedevelopmentofaninnovativeonlinetoolthatallowsuserstospatiallyvisualizeprogramelementsacrosstimeandbydifferentcategories.ThisallowedtheSasakiteamtoengagetheclient,awiderangeofscientistsan

26、dexperts,regionaldesigninstitutes,andotherinterestgroupsintheplanningprocess.Informationgleanedfrominteractivemeetingswastheniterativelyusedtorefinetheparkselementsandtheirconfiguration.L曲嘶J期阳CF-AftKTKBtST花点巩用MT騒TRiW-r.iOAN&MOPCHLinW亠JTTTflLBffe器匚MTINlOUEHUMAN-SCA4.?UTEIiESTCHAr+iM丸ilJACEAnOEWLOOCAl

27、,COMTEkT砧ITTftAJIllQMSSlTHOUfiHFDAESTSGftOES,jSifETLAHD5.MEADESAhDX-ftEiLNATIQhlZH4rtj2l*flAEGTWlEKEE3T啊打5MA46MAIFTHAST起EXfiTlHGCHAlLElESRtKSHEECQWK?-A曲忖OELDiMO-FMEAOOU-MLAkMNGED-.mArTh(客T0NL.rgrrSfc、THERMOCOWOITHTHEPAUK,LSUTALSOPCMfiECftJTtLUUrrAT卡gByTlERFixs.匪E*BC-rbC-twEPPOL4I&TD粘-酱旧ftEiffLEIiEKI

28、OrIKZiJLIMMMrjWTWTXBUIKiJW2HirnH九刖ILKtTrflFQL.丄删攻Allx贸伍.3fiijvtaJogEAnriFJLLHAUJNfcKTejACEOklXiYCOralElhSTlScj与城市连通CONNECTEDTOTHECITY公园周边为面积3.46平方公里的公共交通导向型中等密度混合用地开发带。原先空闲的工业地块如今已被整合为一个统一的公共开放空间，服务于两个关键的城市核心区。形式多样而又彼此连通的游道在宜人的尺度上提供了连续而变化的景致和生态环境，人们可以在森林、树丛、带有木栈道的湿地、草甸、草坪和各种场所之间穿梭徜徉。而城市中的主要游线则串联起场地中

29、的主要活动场所，将两个城市核心区紧密地联系了起来。Totaling8.4squarekilometers,the4.94squarekilometerparkisboundedby3.46squarekilometersofmediumdensity,transit-oriented,mixed-usedevelopment.Vacantindustrialparcelsareconsolidatedintoaunifiedpublicopenspaceanchoredbytwokeyurbancores.Themultipleconnectivetrailsoffercontinuoushu

30、man-scaleinterest,changingsurface,andecologicalcontextastheytransitionthroughforests,groves,boardwalkwetlands,meadows,lawns,anddestinationnodes.Theurbanspinetrailthreadsthroughprimaryeventspacesandprovidesastronglinkbetweenthetwourbancenters.Zhangjiabangseasternflankincludesalargerecreationalcomplex

31、ofplayfieldsenvelopedbylowforestedtopographyandsituatedadjacenttoasubwaystation.Aplayfullabyrinth,sculpturegardens,andinnovativeplaylandscapesprovidemanyoptionsforfamilies.Intotal,the26.5kilometertrailsystemprovides18.5kilometersofuniversallyaccessiblepathsand8kilometersofunpavedtrailsthroughoutthep

32、ark.-nJil4kmIMhMThI4TtafiNirtftCuhuiidk06pHitHhUqIhULfrbjn1tri!Lmp5rd!IUhmJ94undiLm闻EiRECREATIONALPIAmhdhrMrfVisitorCenterXI8WRx.ngrxey、Zn0畑hHmnjMSetiprcpRParkEntryPlaiJKneFbwgPartevicviNORTHURBANCOREilFrontTw-LnedStreet*AarkotAnchorJMeteStationTkANSrrgEED、mxEDajSEdevelopment、A9UTTINGTMPARKPOCuSESON

33、CIVICAMENITIESITBUILDSASTROMS$7hR6YBETWEENTHE”AKANDTHCTRAA0T定、STATIONMark?!pbeeHubRekil&En:cffAlnmcMCenterjfjSEXJSTKGCHMLIKGESFSTO1ECXOGYEN*WCEMCROCLIV/TECOWiECTTOTHEOTYJi-IEEl,H更TrwC吃崔OHT區MCTiq包/T如*sSOEAAr-E潮柚EHvPcmtHT/rrippiiiNHifair.ui.i.ki|i-im7.11-=H张家浜公园的东侧设有一个大型的综合娱乐设施，活动场地为矮林环绕，且与地铁站毗邻，交通便捷。

34、场地中充满趣味的迷宫、雕塑花园及创新性游乐景观，为家庭活动提供了更加多样的选择。总体而言，在全长26.5公里的游道系统中包括18.5公里的无障碍区段与8公里的未经铺砌的园中道路。张家浜公园的城市开发地块方案始终遵循绿色基础设施建设的最佳实践标准，其目的是减少暴雨径流量、改善公园中的水体水质。街道可将雨水排入生物过滤系统中，该生物过滤系统亦是人行道和车行道的缓冲带，使行人免受车流交通的影响。设有排水暗渠的行道树池，以及人行道和自行车道下方结构性土壤的大量使用将显著提高行道树的健康与活力水平，进而提高树木的地下蓄水力。TheurbandevelopmentparcelsofZhangjiabangadheretobestpracticestandardsforgreeninfrastructureinordertoreducestormwaterquantityandfurtherimprovewaterqualitythroughoutthepark.Streetswilldrainintostormwaterbiofiltrationsystemst