(整理)细胞生物学名词

1、精品文档细胞名词第一章细胞基本知识1.celltheory细胞学说2.prokaryoticcell原核细胞3.eukaryoticcell真核细胞4.cellplasma细胞质5.protoplasm原生质6.protoplast原生质体7.mycoplasma支原体8.archaebacteria古细菌9.Bacteria,eubacteria真细菌10.mesosome中膜体11.centroplasm中心质12.nucleoid拟核13.svmplast共质体14.syncytium;syncytia合胞体15.genetheory基因学说超彳微结构（亚细胞结构）第二章细胞生物研究方法

2、分辨率2.phase-contrastmicroscope录像增差显微镜技术5.fluorescenceresonanceenergytransfer荧光漂白恢复7.electronmicroscope电子显微镜8.transmissionelectronmicroscope;TEM透射电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscope;SEM扫描电子显微镜9.ultramicrotomy超薄切片技术10.negativestaining负染色技术11.freezeetching冰冻蚀刻技术12.critical-pointdryingmethod临界点干燥13.electronm

3、icroscopethree-dimentionalreconstructiontechnique电镜二维重构技术14.scanningtunnelmicroscope:STM扫描隧道显微镜15.atomicforcemicroscope:AFM原子力显微镜16.laserscanningconfocalmicroscope:LSCM激光扫描共聚焦显微镜17.immunoelectronmicroscopy免疫电镜18.immunoblotting免疫印迹19.immunofluorescenttechnique:immunofluorescencetechnique免疫荧光技术20.radi

4、oimmunoprecipitationassay：RIPA：radioimmunoprecipitation放射免疫沉淀21.differentialcentrifugation差速离心22.isodensitycentrifugation：isopycniccentrifugation等密度离心23.densitygradientcentrifugation密度梯度离心24.insituhybridization原位杂交25.radioautography:autoradiography放射自显影技术26.flowcytometer流式细胞仪27.microspectrophotometr

5、y细胞显微分光光度术28.cellculture细胞培养29.primaryculturecell原代培养细胞30.subculturecell传代培养细胞31.cellstrain细胞株32.cellline细胞系33.finitecellline有限细胞系34.infinitecellline无限细胞系35.cell-freesystem非细胞体系36.cellengineering细胞工程37.cellfusion细胞融合38.heterokaryon异核融合细胞39.homokaryon同核融合细胞40.monocloneantibody单克隆抗体技术41.micromanipulat

6、iontechnique显微操作技术42.细胞拆合细胞拆合43.karvoplast核体44.cytoplast胞质体45.knockout基因敲除46.knockin基因嵌入47.modelorganisms模式生物48.fluorescenceinsituhybridization:FISH荧光原位杂交49.GreenFluorescentProtein,GFP绿色荧光蛋白50.cellcloning细胞克隆51.Hybridoma杂交瘤第三章细胞质膜1.membrane膜2.cellmembrane细胞膜3.cytoplasmicmembrane胞质膜4.plasmamembrane细胞

7、质膜5.biomembrane.orbiologicalmembrane牛物膜6.membraneskeleton膜骨架7.spectrin血影蛋白8.glycophorin血型糖蛋白9.band3protein带3蛋白10.ankyrin锚定蛋白11.band4.1protein带4.1蛋白12.adducin内收蛋白13.phospholipids磷脂14.cholesterol胆固醇15.liposome脂质体16.integralprotein整合蛋白17.peripheralprotein外周蛋白18.lipid-anchoredprotein脂锚定蛋白19.Lamellastruc

8、turemodel片戻结构模型20.unitmembranemodel单位膜模型21.fluidmosaicmodel流动镶嵌模型22.porin孔蛋白23.erythrocyteghost红细胞血影24.detergent去垢剂25.lipidraft脂筏26.caveolae胞膜窟27.fluorescencerecoveryafterphotobleachingFRAP光脱色荧光恢复技术28.patching成斑现象29.capping成帽现象第四章物质的跨膜运输1.cellulartransport细胞运输2.intracellulartransport胞内运输3.transcellu

9、lartransport转细胞运输4.passivetransport被动运输5.activetransport主动运输6.carrierprotein载体蛋白7.channelprotein诵道蛋白8.voltage-gatedchannels电位-门控通道9.ligandgatedchannel配体-门控通道10.stretch-gatedchannel胁迫门控通道11.simplediffusion简单扩散12.facilitateddiffusion协助扩散13.aquaporinAQP水通道蛋白14.ATP-drivenpumpATP驱动泵P-typeionpumpP型离子泵V-ty

10、pepump，或称V型PumpV型泵F-tvpepumpF型泵ATP-bindingcassettletransportorABC运输蛋白15.cotransport协同运输16.svmport同向转运17.Antiport异向转运18.endocvtosisPinocvtosisphagocytosis胞吞作用胞饮作用吞噬作用19.transcvtosis转胞吞作用20.endosome胞内体21.exocvtosis胞叶作用22.constitutiveexocvtosispathwav组成型胞叶途径23.regulatedexocvtosispathwav调节型胞叶作用24.fusion

11、protein膜融合蛋白25.receptor-mediatedendocvtosis受体介导的内吞作用26.membranetransportprotein膜转运蛋白第五章线粒体和叶绿体1.mitochondrion线粒体2.outermembrane外膜3.innermembrane内膜4.intermembranespace线粒体膜间隙5.matrix线粒体基质6.cristae嵴7.proteintargeting蛋白质寻靶8.proteinsorting蛋白质分选9.post-translationaltranslocation翻译后转运10.co-translationaltran

12、slocation共翻译转运11.freeribosomes游离核糖体12.membrane-boundribosomes膜结合核糖体13.leadingpeptidetransitpeptidetargetingsequence导肽又称转运肽或导向序列14.molecularchaperone分子伴侣15.glvcolvsis糖酵解16.semiautonomousorganelle半自主性细胞器17.electroncarriers电子载体18.flavoproteins黄素蛋白19.cytochromes细胞色素20.iron-sulfurproteins,Fe/Sprotein铁硫蛋白

13、21.coenzymeQ醌uniquinoneUQ或辅酶022.oxidation-reductionpotentials,redoxpotentials氧还电位23.respiratorychain呼吸链plexI复合物IplexII复合物IIplexIII复合物IplexIV复合物V28.electrochemicalgradient电化学梯度29.chloroplast叶绿体30.ATPsynthaseATP合酶31.oxidativephosphorylation氧化磷酸化32.chemiosmoticcouplinghypothesis化学渗诱假说33.endosymbionthyp

14、othesis内共生学说34.aeymbiotictheory非内共牛学说35.photophosphorylation光合磷酸化36.noncyclicphotophosphorylation非循环光合磷酸化37.heatshockprotein热休克蛋白38.submitochondrialparticles亚线粒体39.thylakoid类囊体40.grana基粒第六章真核细胞内膜系统1.endomembranesystem内膜系统2.cytoplasmicmatrix细胞质基质3.microsomes微粒体4.microbody微体5.peroxisome过氧化物酶体6.endopla

15、smicreticulum.ER内质网7.sarcoplasmicreticulum肌质网8.cytosol胞质溶胶9.flippasephospholipidtranslocator翻转酶又称磷脂转位蛋白10.phospholipidexchangproteins.PEP磷脂交换蛋白11.signalrecognitionpartical.SRP信号识别颗粒12.dockingprotein,DP停靠蛋白13.start-transfersignal起始转移信号14.internalsignalsequence内含信号序列15.stop-transferpeptide停止转移肽16.low-

16、densitylipoprotein,LDL低密度的脂蛋白17.transferrin转铁蛋白18.clathrin-coatedvesicle披网格蛋白小泡19.COPIIcoatedvesicleCOPII被膜小泡20.COPIcoatedvesicleCOPI被膜小泡21.heavy-chainbindingprotein,Bip重链结合蛋白22.N-linkedglycosylationN-连接糖基化23.Golgicomplex高尔基复合体24.ERretentionsignal内质网滞留信号25.O-linkedglycosylationO-连接的糖基化26.lysosome溶酶体

17、27.spherosome圆球体28.vacuoles液泡29.primarylysosome初级溶酶体30.secondarylysosome次级溶酶体31.autolysosome自噬性溶酶体32.heterolysosome异噬性溶酶体33.phagocytosis吞噬作用34.autophagy自噬作用35.autolysis自溶作用36.signalpatch信号斑37.M6PreceptorproteinM6P受体蛋白38.endosome内体39.silicosis矽肺40.glycogenstoragediseasetypeIIII型糖原贮积症41.clathrin网格蛋白42

18、.adaptin,AP衔接蛋白43.dynamin发动蛋白44.smallGTPbindingprotein小GTP结合蛋白45.assemblyreactionfactor,ARF装配反应因子46.SolubleNSFAttachmentProteinReceptor；SNAREs可溶性NSF偶联蛋白质受体47.self-assembly自我装配48.aided-assembly协助装配49.direct-assembly直接装配50.regulatedsecretion:regulatedsecretorypathway调节型分泌途径又称诱导型分泌51.ubiquitination:ubi

19、quitinovlation泛素化修饰52.glyoxysomes乙醛酸循环体53.signalpeptidase信号肽酶54.vesiculartransport膜泡运输第七章细胞信号转导1.cellcommunication细胞通讯2.cellsignalling信号传导3.signaltransduction信号转导4.signalingmolecules信号分子5.hormone激素6.endocrinesignaling内分泌信号7.localmediators局部介质8.paracrinesignaling旁分泌信号9.autocrinesignaling自分泌信号10.neuro

20、transmitters神经递质11.receptor受体12.surfacereceptor表面受体13.intracellularreceptor细胞内受体14.ino-channellinkedreceptor离子通道偶联受体15.G-proteinlinkedreceptorG-蛋白偶联受体16.enzymelinkedreceptor酶联受体17.surfacereceptorsuperfamilies表面受体超家族18.receptorcrossover受体交叉19.affinitylabeling亲和标记20.signalingcascade信号级联放大21.secondmess

21、engers第二信使22.GTPbindingprotein,G蛋白GTP结合蛋白23.proteinkinaseAsystemPKA系统24.effector效应物25.adenylatecyclase,AC腺苷酸环化酶26.proteinkinaseA，PKA蛋白激酶A27.proteinkinaseCsystem，PKCsystemPKC系统28.IP3receptorIP3受体29.proteinkinaseC,PKC蛋白激酶C30.calmodulin钙调蛋白31.receptortyrosinekinase,RTKs受体酪氨酸激酶32.insulinreceptor胰岛素受体33.

22、insulinreceptorsubstrate,IRSs胰岛素受体底物34.SHdomainSH结构域35.epidermalgrowthfactor,EGF表皮生长因子36.EGFreceptorEGF受体37.RasproteinRas蛋白38.growthfactorreceptor-boundprotein2Grb2蛋白39.SosproteinSOS蛋白40.divergence信号趋异41.crosstalk窜扰42.receptordesensitization受体钝化43.receptordown-regulation受体减量调节44.motif基序45.restingpot

23、ential静息电位46.actionpotential动作电位47.cellrecognition细胞识别48.firstmessenger;primarymessenger第一信使第八章细胞骨架1.cytoskeleton细胞骨架2.microtubule微管3.tubulin微管蛋白4.singlet单管5.doublet二联管6.triplet三联管7.microtubuleorganizingcenters,MTOC微管组织中心8.centrosome中心体9.centrioles中心粒10.basalbody基体11.ytubulinY微管蛋白12.nucleation成核反应13

24、.colchicine秋水仙素14.taxol紫杉醇15.treadmilling踏车现象16.criticalconcentration临界浓度17.microtubule-associatedproteins,MAPs微管结合蛋白18.molecularmotormotorproteins分子发动机或发动机蛋白19.kinesins驱动蛋白20.cytoplasmicdyneins细胞质动力蛋白21.axonaltransport轴突运输22.ciliarydynein纤毛动力蛋白23.microfilament，MF微丝24.actin肌动蛋白25.cytochalasinsB细胞松弛素

25、B26.phalloidin鬼笔环肽27.monomer-sequensteringprotein单体隔离蛋白28.cross-linkingprotein交联蛋白29.endblockingproteins封端蛋白类30.filament-severingprotein纤维切割蛋白31.actinfilament-depolymerizingprotein肌动蛋纤维去聚合蛋白32.membrane-bindingproteins膜结合蛋白33.myosin肌球蛋白34.myofibers肌纤维35.myofibril肌原纤维36.sarcomere肌节37.thinkfilament粗肌丝3

26、8.thinfilament细肌丝39.tropomyosin,Tm原肌球蛋白40.troponin,Tn肌钙蛋白41.titin肌联蛋白42.nebulin伴肌动蛋白43.stressfibers应力纤维44.microvilli微绒毛45.cytoplasmicstreamting胞质环流46.intermediatefilaments,IFs中间纤维47.tonofilaments张力丝48.cellcortex细胞皮层49.handoverhand步行模型50.inchworm爬行模型尺蠖（huo）爬行模型50.basalbody基体第九章细胞核与染色体1.nucleus细胞核2.nu

27、clearenvelope核被膜3.outernuclearmembrane外核膜4.innernuclearmembrane内核膜5.lamina核纤层6.perinuclearspace核周腔7.nuclearporecomplexs.NPCs核孔复合物8.nuclearprotein核蛋白9.nuclearlocalizationsignal.NLS核定位信号10.nuclearexpotr-signal.NES核输出信号11.importin输入蛋白12.exportin输出蛋白13.nucleoplasmin核质蛋白14.molecularchaperones分子伴侣15.intra

28、molecularchaperones分子内伴侣16.chromatin染色质17.chromosome染色体18.uniquesequence单一序列19.repetitivesequence重复序列20.autonomousreplicatingsequenceARS序列21.centromericsequenceCEN序列22.telomericsequence，TEL端粒顺序23.artificialchromosome人工染色体24.histone组蛋白25.nonhistoneproteins非组蛋白26.力ncfingermotif锌指结构模序27.helix-turn-heli

29、xmotif，HTHa螺旋-转角-a螺旋基元28.leucinezippermotif亮氨酸拉链基元29.helix-loop-helix.HLH螺旋-环-螺旋基元30.trans-actingfactor反式作用因子31.cis-actingelement顺式作用元件32.heteropythosis异固缩33.heterochromatin异染色质34.euchromatin常染色质35.constitutiveheterochromatin结构性异染色质36.facultativeheterochromatin兼性异染色质37.nucleosome核小体38.nuclease-super

30、sensitivesite核酸酶超敏感位点39.centromere着丝粒40.kinetochore动粒41.secondaryconstriction次缢痕42.nucleolarorganizingregion,NOR核仁组织区43.satellite随体44.karyotype核型45.chromosomebanding染色体分带46.O-bandingO带47.Giemsa-bandingG带48.C-bandingC带49.N-bandingN带50.Reverse-bandingR-带51.terminal-bandingT-带52.giantchromosome巨大染色体53.

31、polytenechromosome多线染色体54.lampbrushchromosome灯刷染色体55.nucleolus核仁56.nucleolarcycle核仁周期57.nuclearmatrix核基质、nucleoskeleton核骨架58.scaffold染色体骨架59.nuclearbodies.NBs核体6O.insulator隔离子61.locuscontrolregion,LTR基因座控制区62.nucleolarassociatedchromatin核仁相随染色质63.activechromatin活性染色质64.histoneacetylation组蛋白乙酰化65.nuc

32、learlamina核纤层66.karyophilicprotein亲核蛋白第十章核糖体1.ribosome核糖体2.5SrRNAgene5SrRNA基因3.SDsequenceSD序列4.polyribosomes多聚核糖体5.N-endruleN-端规则6.proteasomes蛋白酶体7.ribozyme核酶8.peptidyltransferase肽酰转移酶9.ribonucleaseP核糖核酸酶P10nuclearsplicing核剪接11.GT-AGruleGT-AG规则12.spliceosome剪接体13.guideRNA,gRNAs向导RNA14.ribosomecycle核

33、糖体循环第十一章细胞增殖及其调控1.celldivision细胞分裂2.cellproliferation细胞增殖3.cellcycles细胞周期4.CellSynchronization同步化5.conditionalmutants条件突变体6.prematurechromosomecondensation.PCC染色体早熟凝集7.maturationpromotingfactor:MPF成熟促进因子8.cyclin周期蛋白9.anaphase-promotingcomplex,APC后期促进复合物10.cvclin-dependentproteinkinases,Cdks周期蛋白依赖性蛋白

34、激酶11.Cdc34proteinCdc34蛋白12.START起点13.Cdc2proteinCdc2蛋白14.Cdc28proteinCdc28蛋白15.Sphase-promotingfactor.SPFS期促进因子16.restrictionpoint限制点17.checkpoint关卡18.nuclearlaminaprotein核纤层蛋白19.mitosis有丝分裂2O.prophase前期21.cyclingcell周期中细胞22.quiescentcell静止期细胞或G期细胞23.terminaldifferentiationcells终末分化细胞u24.cellplate细胞

35、板25.prometaphase前中期26.metaphase中期27.anaphase后期28.telophase末期29.cytokinesis胞质分裂30.spindle纺锤体31.mitoticapparatus有丝分裂器32.centrosomecycle中心体循环33.meiosis减数分裂34.Gameticorterminalmeiosis配子或终末减数分裂35.Zygoticorinitialmeiosis合子或起始减数分裂36.Sporicorintermediatemeiosis孢子或中间减数分裂37.leptotenestage细线期38.zygotenestage偶线

36、期39.粗线期DNAP-DNA40.pachytenestage,pachynema粗线期41.diplotenestage双线期42.diakinesis终变期端化terminalization43.synapsis联会44.synaptonemalcomplex,SC联会复合体45.chiasma交叉46.recombinationnodules重组节47.aster星体48.equatorialplate赤道板49.centrosomealignment中心体列队50.homologouschromosomes同源染色体51.sisterchromatid姐妹染色单体52.DNAsynt

37、hesisblockingDNA合成阻断法53.metaphaseblocking分裂中期阻断法54.furrow分裂沟55.contractilering收缩环56.midbody中间体57.Pre-RC前复制复合物etassay彗星电泳法第十二章程序性细胞死亡与衰老1.cellularaging,cellsenescence细胞衰老2.HayflicklifespanHayflick界限3.celldeath细胞死亡4.programmedcelldeath.PCD程序性细胞死亡5.necrosis细胞坏死6.apoptoticbody凋亡小体7.ced-3geneced-3基因8.ced

38、-4geneced-4基因9.ced-9geneced-9基因lO.apoptosisproteaseactinatingfactor:Apaf-111.apotosome凋亡复合体13.Caspaserecruitmentdomain.CARDCaspase募集结构域14.CaspaseactivedDNase,CADCaspase活化的DNA酶15.survivalfactors存活因子16.tumornecrosisfactor.TNF肿瘤坏死因子17.bcl-2protooncogenebcl-2原癌基因18.Bcl-2protein.Bcl-2蛋白19.contactinhibiti

39、on接触抑制20.tumorigenesis肿瘤发生21.begigntumor良性肿瘤22.Tumorsuppressorgene抑癌基因23.oncogene癌基因24.proto-oncogene原癌基因25.sarcomagenesrc基因26.inhibitorofapoptosis细胞凋亡抑制因子27.NFkB核因子kB28.stress-inducedprematuresenescence.SIPS胁迫诱导的早熟性衰老29.csyteineasparticacicspecificprotease:Caspase含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶30.TUNEL法terminaldex

40、ynucleotidyltransferase(TdT)-mediateddUTPnickendlabelingDNA断裂的原位末端标记法第十三章细胞分化与基因表达调控1.individualdevelopment个体发育2.celldifferentiation细胞分化3.morphogenesis形态建成4.gametogenesis配子发生5.celldetermination细胞决定6.cytoplasmicdeterminants细胞质决定子7.embryonicinduction胚胎诱导8.positionalinformation位置信息9.differentialinhibition分化抑制10.transdetermination转决定11.dedifferentiation脱分化redifferentiation再分化12.totipotency全能性13.regeneration再生14.house-keepinggene看家基因15.luxurygene奢侈基因16.differentialgeneexpression差别基因表达17.genomiccontrol基因组控制18.DNAmethylationDNA甲基化19.genomicimprinting基因组印记20.Alternativesplicing