2021届人教版高三英语课件：语法虚拟语气

1、Subjunctive mood 虚拟语气1. 虚拟语气用以表示假定，想象，愿望等非事实的观念。2. 虚拟条件从句中的条件是假设的，因此主句的结论也只能是想象的，非事实的。用于if 引导的非真实条件句01名词性从句中的虚拟语气其他情况0203虚拟语气的使用场合与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反条件句的省略与倒装主语从句中的虚拟语气宾语从句中的虚拟语气同位语从句中的虚拟语气条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来V+ ed (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原)would/could/should/might+have+p

2、.p.1. V. + ed.2. should+ V.(原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.(原)一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法如果我有一亿美金，我就去买辆豪车。If I had one hundred million dollars, I would buy a fancy car.1.1与现在事实相反的虚拟语气If you had listened to me even a little bit,you would not have been in such a trouble.如果你听了我一点点的话，你就不会遇到这样的麻烦了。 1.2

3、与过去事实相反：表示庆幸，遗憾，惋惜If I should go to the moon tomorrow,I might take some pictures and send them to you.如果我明天就跑到月亮上的话，我就拍些照片，然后发给你。1.3与将来事实相反1. 如果你早来5分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。If you _ here five minutes earlier, you _ the bus.2. 如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。If I _ not busy, I _ you now.3. 如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？What _ we do if it _tomorr

4、ow?had gotwerewould helpshouldwere to snowwould have caughtIf I _ busy last night,I _ to see thefilm with you.had not beenwould have goneIf he _ more carefully,he _ the car accident yesterday. would not have had had driven If I _(know) your telephone number, I _ (telephone) you yesterday.had knownwo

5、uld have telephoned1.4 as if /though + 从句 She loves the baby as if it were her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.He opened his mouth as if he would say something他张开嘴好像要说什么。1、如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用“一般过去时”。2、从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。3、从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight动

6、词原形”。 他们就像朋友一样交谈。They talked as if they were friends for years. 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。She looks as if she were ten years younger. 她看起来似乎是冰做的。She looked as if she were made of ice.as if/though后的从句一定要虚拟语气么？It looks as if she is in love again. 看上去她又坠入情网了。It seems as if we shall have to walk. 故：as if 从句所表达的内容被看做是

7、事实，或是有可能是真的，就要用陈述语气。It looks as if it is going to rain.1.5 虚拟语气的倒装Had it not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. 要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。Were it not for the rain, the crops would die. 要不是这场雨，这些庄家就会死。= But for your help= Without your help 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were, had和should时,

8、可省略if, 把were, had和should放到从句主语前面去, 多见于面语。要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。 Had you not helped me, I should have failed.Had it not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. If it had not been for your help,Were it not for the rain, the crops would die. If it were not for the rain，If it were

9、not for 要不是If it had not been for 要不是Ive discovered I possessed a large number of different talents and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my open to being trying new opportunities.我发现我拥有很多不同的天赋和技能，如果不是因为我对尝试新机会的开放心态，我永远都不会想到我会拥有这些天赋和技能。 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。 Were

10、 you in my position, you would do the same. 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底 消灭干净。 Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely. 1.6 混合时间的虚拟条件句A: I dont like my mother-in-law!B: 听着，难道你没意识到没有你岳母，就没有你现在的老婆 Liten, dont you realized that you couldnt have your wife, if it hadnt been your mother-in-law.A: Yes，th

11、ats why I dont like her.从句在过去主句在现在Life is not based on ifs!如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。 If I were you, I would not have broken the glass. 2.1虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法

12、 wish1. wish 的宾语从句现在: 过去时(were)过去: 过去完成时(had done)未来: would/could/+V.(原) I wish I were married!I wish I had said that word to her that I still loved her.I wish we could get back together again! 我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。I wish I were ten years younger now.我昨天要是遇见他就好了。I wish I had met him yesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。I w

13、ish I would be a scientist.I wish I were as tall as Yao Ming.我希望我跟姚明一样高I wish I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.撑死我了，真希望自己没吃那么多的西瓜(especially BrE, formal) to want to do sth; to want sth to happen 希望(做某事)；想要(某事发生):2.1.1 wish 的其他用法My friends wished me well in my new job. 我的朋友们祝我新工作顺利。I couldnt wish for

14、 a better husband.We wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! We wish them every happiness in their new home. 2. would rather that现在:过去:未来: I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时2.2 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法（would rather that）

15、场景：泼皮王二又过来找老板赊账，从来就没还过。王二：老板，来个哈喽kitty 公仔！明天给钱你啊！老板：（满脸堆笑）好好好！ （内心：我宁愿你现在就把钱给了！） I would rather you paid me now. 场景：老王小舅子过来找老王，但是这个星期他超忙，没时间招待他。所以他说：我宁愿你上周来。（上周来，与过去事实相反） I would rather you had visited me last week. 后来一想，不对，上周被老婆罚跪搓衣板，要是真上周来岂不太尴尬。所以老王又改口说：我宁愿你下周来。 I would rather you came to visit me

16、 next week !表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。常见动词: 一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求。即1) insist 2) order, command 3) advise, suggest, propose4) demand, require, request, ask2.3 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 suggest，etc判断句子正误His smile suggested that he was satisfied. 他的微笑表明他是满意的。Her pale face suggested that she was s

17、eriously ill, and her parents suggested that she go to see the doctor. 她苍白的脸色显示她病得很厉害，因此她父母建议她去看医生。The thief insisted that he had not stolen anything from the supermarket, but the manager insisted that he be sent to the police station. 小偷坚持说他没有从超市偷任何东西，但超市经理却坚决主张把他送到警察局。suggest, 建议 suggest，暗示、表明insi

18、st 坚决要求某人做某事 insist 坚持说 虚拟虚拟1) The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2) He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once.obeywasbe sent3) He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4) His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewas以上动词相应的

19、名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式为(should) + 动词原形order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request 我们该去睡觉了。你该走了Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.4. Its (about/high) time +that过去时(were)should(不省) +V.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.

20、 2.4 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法“是时候干啥事儿咯”6. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句, 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即 (should) +动词原形我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.2.5 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法“it is+adj+that句型”很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。 It is strange that she refuse to come

21、to the party. 我们有必要努力学习。Its necessary that we should study hard.If only I were a flying bird!= How I wish I were a flying bird!要是我看过那部电影就好了！If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!3.1 虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句中“要是就好了”He took his raincoat with himin case it should rain.=He took his rai

22、ncoat with him for fear that it should rain. 他带上了雨衣, 以防下雨.3.2 in case, for fear that “以防, 以免”1. _ he come, the problem would be settled. A. would B. should C. shall D. if 2. _, man could not live at all. A. were it not for the sun B. if it was for the sun C. had it not been for the sun D. if it shou

23、ldnt be for the sun ExercisesB A 3. _, everything would have been all right. A. He had been here B. Here he had been C. Been here he had D. Had he been here D If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious.A. wou

24、ldnt be B. will not have beenC. wouldnt have been D. would have not beenA 如果你采纳了我的建议，你现在就会好得多。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学生，四年后就会大学毕业了。If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four yea

25、rs time._ she a man, she might be elected president.A. If were B. Were C. Be D. IsB 将条件改成省略形式：If I had time, I would come. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Had I time, I would come.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without, or, otherwise, but for等词隐含某种

26、假设。I lost your address, otherwise I_ you long before.A. had visited B. have visited C. would have visited D. should visitC 没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。Without your help, we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。But for the rain, we would have finished the work. 常见的几种固定句式。如 If only, insist, s

27、uggest 及Its time/necessary/important that 从句等等。If only I _to my parents advice!A. listeningB. listen C. am listening D. had listenedHis silence at the meeting suggested that he _to your plan.A. shouldnt agreeB. wouldnt agreeC. hadnt agreed D. didnt agreeD D The old professor gave orders that the exp

28、eriment _ before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finishedIts high time he _home.A. goes B. wentC. will go D. is going to goEven if he _(be) here, he couldnt solve the problem.A. was B. were C. be D. is C B B The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. ra

29、ins C. rained D. is rained解析: 真实条件句主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。 B Everything _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade (消防队). will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed Quiz I: Multiple choice. were to sink B. has sunk C. was sinking D. sunk2. I _ you some

30、money, but I hadnt any on me then.A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent3. Supposing this ship _, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? 4. Are you thinking about going to Hangzhou for the vacation? No, but if I _ time, I _ very glad to go th

31、ere.A. have, will be B. had had, would have been C. had, would be D. had had, would be5. Sally finally got here from Chicago. If she _ earlier, we _ her to the party then. came, would take B. had come, would have taken C. comes, will take D. had come, would take1. 要是你准备功课再仔细一点的话, 你就能通过考试了。 If you ha

32、d prepared your lessons more carefully, you could have passed the exam.2. 要是那场飓风发生在晚上的话, 将会有更多的人死亡。 If that hurricane had happened at night, there would have been more deaths.Quiz II: Translation. 3. I wish I _ (和你在一起) yesterday.4. _ _ (如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.5. I might have made the speech _ _ (如果我的话没被别人打断的话).had been with youIf he had booked tickets in the way I told him if I had not been inter