人教初一上册英语语法讲解及练习名补教案on和in等方位介词和短语

1、.*;初一上册英语补习班名补教案目的进步班 名师培优精讲【教学标题】 on和in等常用方位介词和短语【教学重点】掌握方位介词的含义并熟记；介词on和in的区别点。【教学难点】under和below 的区别；between和among的区别；拓展方位词语的应用。【进门得分】. 把以下词组翻译成英语。1. 在沙发上_2. 在桌子底下_3.在你的背包里_4. 在抽屉里_5. 在教室外部前面_【教学内容】1. on介词on表示“在某物之上的意思，它通常表示一个物体在另一个物体之外表上面。两者之间有接触。例如：Your book is on the desk. 你的书在课桌上面。 There is a

2、ball on the floor. 地板上有个球。拓展：above 和 over的区别 on指的有接触面的上面，但是over和above都是没有接触面的上面。over“在正上方，与under相对。例如：There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。 The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那张图挂在黑板的正上方。above只表示“在上方或位置高出，不一定是正上方，与below相对。例如：A plane flew above our heads. 一架飞机从我们头上飞过。 The Turners live ab

3、ove us. 特纳一家人住在我们的上面。2. in介词in表示“在某物的里面，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的内部、中间或者在某个范围之内。例如：Your pen is in the pencil case. 你的钢笔在铅笔盒里面。 She is the tallest in her class. 她是她们班最高的。3. under介词under表示“在某物的下面，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的垂直正下面，两者之间没有接触。例如：My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树的下面。 The shoes are under the chair. 鞋在椅子的下面。拓

4、展：under和below 的区别under表示“在之下，通常表示位置处于正下方，与介词over“在上方相对应。例如：There is a book under the table. 桌子下面有一本书。 Acatissittingunderthetable.一只猫在桌子下面。below表示“在之下，“在的下游，与介词above相对应，常指在某物体之下，但不一定在该物的正下方。例如：Heisbelowtheaverageatschool.他的学习成绩在水准以下。 He looked down at the hall below.他瞧了瞧下面的大厅。4. behind介词behind表示“在某物的

5、后面，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的后面。例如：Your brother is behind the tree. 你的弟弟在树的后面。 She is standing behind her mother. 她站在她妈妈的后面。5. next tonext to是由形容词next和介词to构成的介词短语表示“紧挨着、在某物的旁边的意思。例如：The table is next to the wall. 桌子紧挨着墙。6. between介词between表示某个物体、某人位于两者之间，通常表示一个人、物处于另外两个人、物之间。例如：Your desk is between the door

6、and the window. 你的课桌位于门和窗户之间。 Lily sits between Mary and Ann. 丽丽坐在玛丽和安中间。拓展：between和among的区别between指两者之间, among指三者或三者以上的人或物之间。例如：The teacher is among the students.老师在学生们中间。7. outsideoutside指“在外面例如：There are many people outside the room. 房间外有很多人。 What did you see outside the hall? 你在大厅外看见了什么？8near ne

7、ar在附近，与far相对例如：A hospital was built near the railway station.在火车站附近建了一所医院。 My home is near the school. 我的家离学校很近。9in front of, in the front of in front of在前面 , in the front of表示“在前部，指里面。例如：A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河。 There is a boy in the front of the car. 车的前座坐着一个小男孩。10. aroundaroun

8、d在周围，围绕 例如：There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。 There are flowers around the stage. 舞台周围摆着鲜花。11. at “at意为“在，可以用在地点前也可以用在时间前。 例如：Lets meet at the school gate. 我们在学校门口见面吧。 I get up at seven oclock. 我七点起床。【过手练习】. 单项选那么。1. Your computer is _ to the door.A. behind B. on C. in D. next2 The

9、map is _ the wall _ our classroom.A. on; on B. of; on C. on; at D. on; of3 Look! The window is _ the wall and the picture is _ the wall.A. on; on B. in; in C. in; on D. on; in4 Where is my ball? I cant see it. Look! Its _ the door.A. on B. in C. at D. behind5. Sally is very happy. There is a big smi

10、le _ her face. A. on B. to C. in D. at6. My father is ill 生病, He is _. A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed7. There is a map of China _ the wall in the classroom. A. in B. on C. under D. at8. There are three windows _ the wall.Ain B. on C. at D. to9. There are many oranges _ the tree. A b

11、ird _ the tree is eating an orange. A. in; on B. on; on C. in; in D. on; in10. What time do you usually go to bed? I usually go to bed _ 11:00. A. in B. on C. at D. for11. We can see _ old bike _ the tree. A. a; under B. the; at C. an; in D. an; under12. My hats and coats are _. A. on the bed B. und

12、er desk C. in room D. under the my bed13. He put up a map _ the back wall because there was a hole _ it.A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at14. Dont read _ the sun. A. at B. under C. with D. in15. The boat is passing_ the bridge.A. through B. below C. under D. across【真题链接】1. My green ring is in t

13、he room. What about yours? _.A. Its red B. Its on the table C. Its Alices 2. There are 30 classrooms _ our school. Mine is _ the second floor. A. on; in B. in; in C. in; on D. on; on 3. I have a friend and my friend is _ China.A. in B. at C. on D. under【拓展训练】III. 用适当的介词填空。1. A boy is _ the tree. 2.

14、Can you pick摘 the apples _ the tree?3. There is a picture _ the wall.4. There are two windows _ the wall.5. I live _ Shanghai.【课后作业】. 阅读短文答复以下问题。Toms room Its small but nice. A computer and some CDs are on the desk. His backpack is on the wall. The ID card is on his bed. The shoes are under the bed.

15、 A baseball is on the floor. Sallys roomIts very nice. The new pictures are on the wall. Her desk is near the window. Some flowers are on the desk. Where is her schoolbag? Oh, its on the chair. We cant see a hat on the bed, but we can see Mimi, her cat.The twins room Its big and nice. Two pencil cas

16、es are on the desk. Many books are on the bookcase. Its a big bed near the bookcase. One backpack is on the floor, and the other is on the chair. The jackets are behind the door. A picture of their father and mother is on the wall.Toms ID card is _ his bed, and his shoes are _ the bed.Sallys cat is

17、_ her bed. Her schoolbag is _ the chair.The bookcase is _ the twins room. The big bed is _ the door.Two pencil cases are _ the chair in the twins room. A picture of the twins parents is_ the wall.【答案与解析】. 把以下词组翻译成英语。1. on the sofa 2. under the table 3. in your backpack 4. in the drawer 5. in front o

18、f the classroom. 单项选择。1. D。本句子是考察介词的用法，但是，介词behind，on，in的后面用冠词the和名词、冠词、介词短语，不和to连用，所以本句子是用形容词next和to连用表示“紧挨着、在旁边的意思。2. D。本句子用介词on和冠词the，名词wall构成介词短语表示“在墙上的意思，后面用介词of构成名词所有格，表示所属关系，表示无生命的名词所有格的形式用of，而不用s形式。3. C。本句子是考察介词的用法，表示在某物的外表之上用介词on；表示在某物内部用介词in。窗户是在墙的里面所以用介词in；画是贴在墙的外表上，与墙接触，所以用介词on。4. D。从对话前面的句子I cant see it.和问句可以判断后面的句子是用介词behind表示“在门的后面，所以选择D是比较符合对话的上下句子意思和情景。 5. A。句意：“Sally 非常开心，她脸