辽宁沈阳高考英语阅读理解一轮训练

1、辽宁省沈阳市2015阅读理解一轮训练（7）及答案阅读理解The amount of time children spend in institutional care（机构式照顾）may affect howtheir brains develop. That s the conclusion of a new study carried out by researchers at the University of Wisconsin, Harvard Medical School and the University of Minnesota. The study is published

2、 in Child Development in the journal s January/ February 2010 issue.To learn how the lack of care and material needs that institutionalized children often experience affect brain development, the researchers looked at 132 8- and 9-year-olds. Some of them were adopted into U.S. homes after spending a

3、t least a year and three quarters of their lives in institutions in Asia, Latin America, Russia and Eastern Europe, and Africa. Others were adopted by the time they were 8 months old into U.S.homes from foster care （寄养）in Asia and Latin America; most of these children had spent no time in institutio

4、nal care, while some had spent a month or two in institutions prior to foster placement. On average, the internationally adopted children had been living with their families for more than 6 years. These children were compared to a group of American children raised in their birth families.Children ad

5、opted early from foster care didnt differ from children raised in theirbirth families in the United States. Children adopted from institutional care performed worse than those raised in families on tests measuring visual memory andattention, learning visual information, and impulse （冲动） control. Yet

6、 these children performed at developmentally appropriate levels on tests involving sequencing and planning.The take-home message: Children make tremendous advances in cognitive（认知的）functioning once they reach their adoptive families, but the early impact on their brains development is difficult to c

7、hange completely.We identified basic learning processes that are affected by early institutionalization,notes Seth Pollak, professor of psychology and pediatricsatthe University of Wisconsin, who was the studys lead author. Policies that speed the time in which children can be removed from instituti

8、onalized care so they can develop within family contexts should be implemented to decrease the likelihood of learning problems later in childrens lives.The passage is mainly written to .A. compare two childcare systemsB. criticize the institutional childcareC. present a new research findingD. introd

9、uce the basic learning process答案解析：答案为 Co本题为主旨大意题。本文运用了总 -分-总的写作风格。注意文章 第一段 The amount of time children spend in institutional caremay affect how their brains develop. ” 意为“儿童受到机构式照顾的时间长短或许会影响大脑发育”，和最后institutionalized段Policies that speed the time in which children can be removed fromcare so they ca

10、n develop within family contexts should beimplemented to decrease the likelihood of learning problems later in childrenslives. 可知，儿童应摆脱机构式照顾，而应在家庭环境下培养，从而降低他们以后有学习障碍的可能性”,因此，文章主旨是在陈述一种新的发现。A, B, D都不是文章的主旨。Children have their brain development affected in institutional care because .they suffer form

11、poor living conditionsthey spend too much time learningthey don t have freedom staying therethey are neither physically nor mentally satisfied答案解析：答案为 Do本题为细节推断题。从文章第二段首句To learn how the lack ofcare and material needs that institutionalized children often experience affect brain development,”可知， 句中c

12、are （照顾）”对应D选项的 mentally （精神地）”，amaterial needs（物质需求）”对应D选项的physically（身体地），故答案为 DCompared with home-raised children, institutionalized childr en didn t do as well in tasks like .thinking in pictures and self-controlworking in teams and self-expressionputting things in order and self-defenseadapting

13、 to the environment and self-panning.答案解析：答案为 Ao本题为细节题。从文章的第三段“Children adopted frominstitutional care performed worse than those raised in families on tests measuringvisual memory and attention, learning visual information, and impulse control. “ 可 知，机构式照顾下的儿童比家庭环境下培养的儿童在视觉记忆、注意力、视觉信息和冲动控 制上表现要差”，故

14、答案A “思考图片和自我控制”意思符合文章的内容。It can be concluded form the passage that .the United States is a good place for children s all -round developmenta perfect family is beneficial to children s all -round developmentchildren in institutional care can hardly achieve anything greatnothing has been done to help

15、children in institutional care答案解析：答案为Bo本题为主旨推断题。结合第一题，本文是在陈述一种观点，即：受到机构式照顾的儿童大脑发育会受到影响，他们应在家庭环境下培养。A选项未提及；C、D选项太绝对。故答案为Bo社会生活类The Diet Zone:A Dangerous PlaceDiet Coke,diet Pepsi,diet pills,no-fat diet,vegetable diet. . . We are surroundedby the word diet everywhere we look and listen. We have so ea

16、sily been attractedby the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking aboutwhat diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically（ 身体上）.Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level,we are not allowing

17、 our brains to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight,but in controlling the consumption of fatty,high-calorie,unhealthy foods.Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（ 秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize t

18、he worddiet infood labels.On another level,diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero- calorie drink,we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don thave to work to get results. Diet products make people believe thatgain comes without pain,and that life c

19、an be without resistance and struggle.The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us,but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies fro

20、m having basic nutrients（ 营养成分）.Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional,and the chemicals that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.Now that we are aware of t

21、he effects that diet products have on us,it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds,not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this,we will be much better able to resist diet products,and therefore prevent the psychological and physical harm that co

22、mes from using them. TOC o 1-5 h z From Paragraph 1,we learn that.diet products fail to bring out people s potentialpeople have difficulty in choosing diet productsdiet products are misleading people D. people are fed up with diet products 2. One psychological effect of diet products is that people

23、tend to.try out a variety of diet foodshesitate before they enjoy diet foodspay attention to their own eating habits D. watch their weight rather than their diet 3. In Paragraph 3,“gain comes without pain probably means.losing weight is effortlessit costs a lot to lose weightdiet products bring no p

24、aindiet products are free from caloriesDiet products indirectly harm people physically because such products.A. are over-consumedB. lack basic nutrientsC. are short of chemicalsD. provide too much energyWhich of the following shows the structure of the passage?A.B.D.CP: Central PointP: PointSp: Sub-

25、point（次要点）C: Conclusion【参考答案】53.1-5 CDABB【深圳市2014高考英语综合能力测试题（1）】DA review from the International Programme on the State of the Ocean （IPSO）, warns that the oceans are facing multiple threats. They are being heated by clima2r2e change, turning slowly less alkaline（ 碱性的）by absorbing CO2, and suffering

26、 from overfishing and pollution.The report says, We have been taking the ocean for granted. It has been shielding us from the worst effects of accelerating climate change by absorbing excess CO2from the atmosphere.Although the temperature increases may be experiencing a pause, the ocean continues to

27、 warm regardless. For the most part, however, the public and policymakers are failing to recognize - or choosing to ignore - the severity of the situation. Coral reefs, for instance, are suffering from the higher temperatures.IPSO, funded by charitable foundations, is publishing a set of five papers

28、 based on workshops in 2011 and 2012 in partnership with the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The reports call for governments all over the world to halt（ 暂 停）CO2 increase at 450ppm, and also urge much more focused fisheries management and apriority list for tackling the key groups of

29、 chemicals that cause most harmful effects. They want the governments to negotiate a new agreement for the sustainable fishing in the high oceans to be monitored by a new global high seas enforcement agency.The IUCN s Prof Dan Laffoley said, What these latest reports make absolutely clear is that de

30、laying action will increase costs in the future and lead to even greater, perhaps permanent losses. The UN climate report confirmed that the ocean is bearing the pressure of human-induced changes to our planet. These discovery give us not only more cause for alarm - but also a road map for action. W

31、e must use it.According to the passage,are NOT the reason why the oceans become slowly less alkaline.A. various pollutions B. higher temperatures C. bad fishing practices D. destroyed coral reefsThe underlined word shielding in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to.A. warningB. protectingC. showingD.

32、 coolingWhich of the following is NOT the purpose of the reports published by IPSO?To appeal to world governments to halt CO2 increase at 450ppm.To tell us that the ocean is bearing the pressure of human-induced changesto ourplanet.To ask the governments to carry out new measures for the sustainable

33、 fishing in thehigh oceans.To advise the governments to make a priority list for tackling the key groups ofchemicals that cause most harm.Which of the following can NOT be concluded from the passage?The reports warn us that we need to take actions right now.Coral reefs are weakened by bad fishing pr

34、actices and pollution.The global temperature is increasing and the ocean continues to warm as well.It seems that the policymakers are trying to ignore the severity of the oceansituation.What is the probable purpose of this passage?To tell us that the oceans become less alkaline.To advise us to negot

35、iate a new agreement for the sustainable fishing.To tell us that global wa9rming has a great effect on the oceans temperature.To warn us that the oceans are in danger and immediate measures should be taken.【参考答案】41-45 DBBCD环保组织IPSO的报告指出，海洋正面临着多种威胁，如气候变暖；由于吸收过多二氧化碳、 过度捕捞和污染所导致的海水碱性降低等。我们必须马上制定相应措施，防止

36、情况继续恶化。D。细节理解题。从文章第一段可知海水之所以碱性降低是因为吸收过多二氧化碳、过度捕捞和海水污染。从第二段中 .the worst effects of accelerating climate change byabsorbing excess CO2 from the atmosphere.可知吸收过多二氧化碳导致气候变化及气温上升，文中没有提及 D选项，故选DoB。词义猜测题。从文章第二段及最后一段中The UNclimate report confirmed that theocean is bearing the pressure of human-induced chan

37、ges to our planet.可知，我们一直都把海洋看得理所当然的了。海洋一直在承担着由人类给我们这个星球带来的变化所引起 的压力，即在保护着人类，故选BoB。细节理解题。从文章第四段中可以找到答案。B选项的内容并不属于IPSO报告内容，最后一段指出它是联合国气候报告里确认的一个事实。C 。细节理解题。从文章第三段第一句Although the temperature increases may beexperiencing a pause, the ocean continues to warm regardless.可知，尽管全球气温上升可能处于一个暂停阶段，但是海水的温度还是继续上

38、升。D。主旨大意题。全文详细阐述了IPSO报告中指出的海洋正面临的多种威胁，并警告我们必须尽快采取措施阻止情况继续恶化。社会生活类Melissa Poe was 9 years old when she began a campaign for a cleaner environment bywriting a letter to the then President Bush. Through her own efforts, her letter was reproduced on over 250 donated billboards （广告牌）across the country.Th

39、e response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment（Kids F. A. C. E. ）in 1989. There are now 300, 000 members of Kids F. A.C. E. worldwide and it is theworld s largest youth environmental organization.Poe has also asked the National Park Service to carr

40、y out aaChildren s Forest ”project in every national park. In 1992, she was invited as one of only six childrenin the world to speak at the Earth Summit in Brazil as part of the Voices of the Future Program. In 1993, she was given a Caring Award for her effortsby the Caring Institute.Since the organization started, Kids F. A. C. E. members have distributed and planted over 1 million tr