管录音gmat机经2010年5-6月jj作文

1、AA：1 B3 3 次2 Jetsam Software Design5 月 27 日 20:00AA： 3 stock vs house2 次， 4 92 2 次，cereals2 次，organic food 3 次7 343 次8 1，9 64 4 次，10 44 3 次11 mining technology12 11 2 次13 39 2 次14 615 B45 月 28 日AA： 16 10817 AUTOMOBILE 2 次18 435 月 29 日AA：19 新航线5 月 30 日AA：20 12421 partner6 月 1 日AA：22 George 2 次6 月 2 日

2、AA：23 104 2 次24 1066 月 3 日AA： 25 1426 12527lay off 2 次6 月 4 日AA：28296 月 5 日62B1AA：增加 30 distribution campaign6 月 6 日频率上升：11 mining technology 6 月 8 日频率上升：27 lay off 1 B3 2 Jetsam Software Design22 George6 月 9 日新增：3134 32频率增加：11 mining technology 5 cereals6 月 10 日新增：35 94 36 office work频率增加：3 stock v

3、s house 15 B4 9 64 4 92 31 166 月 11 日频率增加：3 stock vs house 1 B3 19 新航线 28 62 31 16新增：29 B1 7 34 27 lay offAA：1. B3. The following appeared in a memorandum from department of a major advertising firm:“The more efficient a firms employees are, the morethe information technologyprofitable that firm wil

4、l be.Improvements in a firms information technology hardware and software are a proven way to increase the efficiency of employees who do the majority of their work on computers. Therefore, if our firm invests in the most powerful and advanced information technology available, employee productivity

5、will be maximized. Thisstrategy ensures that every dollar spent on enhanced information technology will helpto increase our firms profit margins.”5 次2.题库未找到 2 次V1：说 Jetsam Software Design hasnt made profits for long time, and it should follow the example of the lead in the auto industry that replace

6、s its expensive, full-time employees with cheaper, temporary employees. 然后说 in auto industry how successful such a shift is, so JSD should make the same change for the long-term success and stability of the company.V2：一家 software desgin company 为了 cut budget, 决定 switch 25% 的 workforce to temporary l

7、abor. 作者给了两个理由， 1. temporary workers 工资低， 没有福利， 会降低成本。 2. 汽车行业用同样的方法实现了复苏。 最后进一步说， 采取这种办法以后会有short-term financial gain 和 long-term 的 stability.4 次3题库未找到，上月寂静V1:一个地方的房价在过去 5 年翻了 2 倍，股票价格下降了，所以现在人们应该投资买房子而不是投资买股票V2: 一个地产中介的宣传册子说：房屋价格过去五年翻了一番，但是股票平均价格是一直再跌。所以现在是投资房屋市场的最好时候。并且，买了房子后住在能够升值的 房子里享受，可以提高生活质

8、量，这个买股票是更不会有的。V3：在某地区的过去 5 年，average home prices have almost doubled while average stock prices in the national mkt have declined. 然后他说你如果买房子在未来五年也能 achieve similar profits. 之后又说买房子好，因为买了房子你还可以用，但是买股票你也不能用。所以他说 all residents of the city should buy homes.(考古) Now is the perfect time to buy a house in

9、 our city. Over the past five years, average home prices in our region have nearly doubled. But average stock prices in the national stock market have actually declined over the same period. So homeowners have seen an increase in value for their housing investment during the last five years that far

10、 exceeds what they could have made by investing in the stock market. Our citys resident can surely achieve a similar profit over the next five years. Furthermore, if residents invest in a home, they can enjoy the use of the home while its value increases, whereas money invested in stocks would not c

11、ontribute to their quality of life in the same way that owning a homewould. Therefore, all the residents of our city should invest their money in a home.4 92. The following is taken from an editorial in a local newspaper.“Over the past decade, the price per pound of citrus fruit has increased substa

12、ntially. Eleven years ago, Megamart charged 5 cents apiece for lemons, but today it commonly charges over 30 cents apiece. In only one of these last eleven years was the weather unfavorable for growing citrus crops. Evidently, then, citrus growers have been responsible for the excessive increase in

13、the price of citrus fruit, and strict pricing regulations areneeded to prevent them from continuing to inflate prices.” 4 次当地报纸的社论：过去的 10 年里，桔类水果的价格实际上上升了。11 年前，Megamart 每个柠檬要价 5分，现在一般要价为 30 分一个。过去 11 年只有一年不适合桔类水果生长。显然，柑桔种植者应该对桔类水果价格过度上涨负责。为防止他们继续哄抬价格规范价格规定很有必要。提纲：小范围推大范围。忽略他因，是否只有一种因素导致价格上升不适合生长。还有

14、，比如环境保护，加工价格上 升，人力成本上升，或者单纯的物价上涨。monetary inflation, increased distribution and labor costs,or alterations in supply and demand conditions柠檬缺乏代表性，或者说，柠檬有其特殊性，譬如柠檬都是进口的，比较贵；天气好不一定代表物价要低，因为种植柑橘的农民已经动用了可用的资源了，产量无法再多了；是否物价高就是农民肆意抬高的缘故，可能是dealers 在其中的作用；政府是否要介入，虽然价格变贵了，但是targeted customers 没有变化，对整个国民经济影响

15、不大5题库未找到，上月寂静3 次关于 cereals 的， 第一句说 our cereals contains more vitamin k preserving 第二个就用survey 75%consumers favor its tastes 。后面就说为了增加 sales 吸引更多的顾客 应该redesign the front of the .box.(考古)V1:the Cunch(貌似) Breakfast cereal contain 20% more nutrients than any other cereal in the city XXX. Moreover, in th

16、e survey conducted by us, 75% consumers prefer to the taste of Cunch Breakfast cereal than other cereal products. However, 消费者似乎并没有显著的青睐这个 cereal。Therefore, in order to increase the sales, we should redesign the front of the Cunch Breakfast box with detailed information about the two featuresmention

17、ed above(即多 20%的营养，75%认为口味出众) (题库里没找到)V2 说一个 cereal 的厂家的备忘录：认为该厂出产的 cereal 的一大优势是包含 vitamin K。另外在一项调查中，有 75%的人表示喜欢 cereal 口味。但是现在销售量降低。建议在做广告中更换包装盒，并注明该 cereal 的两大优势（就是包 含 vitamin k 和口味好）。V3 一下来自公司营销总监的备忘录：一家生产cereal 公司生产的cereal含有的维生素k的数量比竞争对手都要多20%，而且一项调查显示75%的顾客认为该公司生产的cereal比竞争对手都要好，但是 该公司的销售量并不高

18、。因此营销总监建议公司重新对包装盒进行设计，把该产品含有比竞争对手20%的vitamin K 和上述的那个调查贴在包装盒上。V4breakfast crunch cereal 它说它自己的 Vitamin K 含量比别人高 20%，还有一个它自己公司给自己产品的 consumers 发个 survey 结果 75%认为它自己这产品口味更好。但是这breakfast crunch 比别的销量低，所以是那对这两个优势的宣传不够导致的。因此建议把那个 Cereal 包装盒前脸的设计全换了换成对这两点的说明。V5：讲一商店的谷物食品，相对于其他商家的谷物食品，含有更多的维他命，但问卷调查发现群众选择这

19、一食品主要因为口感。所以广告商提出应该把该食品富含维他命以及口感好放在包装上，这样以后在全世界销售，销量就能提高。6 题库未找到，上月寂静V1 考到的是说一个 gym 做了一个调查，说他们的 customers is interested in eating healthier.而 organic food 没有农药，很绿色。所以他们觉得要在他们的三个 gym 的 location 都开一个 organic food section。并且说这个 organic food 的想法之前都没有人想到过。所以在 nation 大量推广这个想法之前，他们在自己的 gym 里开个 organic food

20、sections 一定能提高他们的 profits.V2 一个中型城市一家有三个分店的健身中心，在顾客中进行了一项调查，发现顾客非常关注饮食健康。有机食品是饮食健康的一种方式，所以目前这个城市已经具备了消费有机食品的需求。所以经理建议在大型的连锁商场进入这一领域之前，在三家连锁店中开设有机食品商场，必然能提高利润，此前利润已经在一段时期内保持稳定的水平。3 次(考古) A survey shows that our consumers are more cared about eating healthier. One wayto eat healthy is to eat organic f

21、ood, which is free of fertilizer and pesticide. Our city has noorganic food store currently, so we can establish one in our city. We can open organic foodstore in our gyms so that we can expect that the profits of our gyms, which stayed thesame for a year, would increase.7 34. The following appeared

22、 as part of a plan proposed by an executive of the Easy Credit Company to the president.“The Easy Credit Company would gain an advantage over competing credit card services if we were to donate a portion of the proceeds from the use of our cards to a well-known environmental organization in exchange

23、 for the use of its symbol or logo on our card. Since a recent poll shows that a large percentage of the public is concerned about environmental issues, this policy would attract new customers, increase use among existing customers, and enable us to charge interest rates that are higher than the low

24、est ones available.”4 次8 1. The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to dothings better, theye more efficient. In color film processing, for exa

25、mple, the cost ofa 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experiencewill enable

26、 us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”9 64. The following appeared in a memorandum from the Director of Human Resources to the executive officers of Company X.“Last year, we surveyed our employees on improvements needed at Company X by having them rank, in order of importance, the issues

27、presented in a list of possible improvements. Improved communications between employees and management was consistently ranked as the issue of highest importance by the employees who responded to the survey. As you know, we have since instituted regular communications sessions conducted by high-leve

28、l management, which the employees can attend on a voluntary basis. Therefore, it is likely that most employees at Company X now feel that the improvement most needed at thecompany has been made.” 5 次人力资源经理给X 公司的经营主管的备忘录：去年，我们向员工调查他们认为 X 公司应该进行的改进，让他们把改进按重要性排列。结果列印为一张可能的改进的表格。根据调查中员工的反应，“加强员工和管理层的沟通”

29、最具重要性，稳居调查表之首。如你所知，那以后我们建立了由高层管理人员组织，雇员可以自愿参加的常规交流会。因此，看来X 的多数员工认为最应该进行的改进已经完成了。提纲： (下文思路单一，两段都是谈调查方法的问题，还可以谈后半部分，“采取了措施就一定能达到目的 吗？”)1.The result of a last years survey does not necessarily represent the improvement most neededof this year.How was the survey held has not been illustrated by the auth

30、or, thus making the conclusion groundless.Whether the implement of the mentioned resolution is right or wrong is still unkonwn, it is stilltoo early to say the improvement has been made. 2.3.1， 调查的可信性：是否anonymous，如果要named，很可能并不是他们最想要的改进。2， 改进方法是否充分？是否交流会有很好交流，并且采纳accept 意见10 44. The following is par

31、t of a business plan created by the management of the Megamart grocery store.“Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a 3section to our grocery store. Clearly, the customers main concern is the convenience afforded by one-stop shopping. The surest way to increase our pr

32、ofits over the next couple of years, therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supplies and repair shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and services, such as a restaurant and a garden shop, in subsequent years. Being the only store in the area that o

33、ffers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores.”3 次Megamart 杂货店的管理层的商务计划：由于我们在杂货店内加了药剂部分，今年我们的总体销售额增加了 20%。显然，顾客主要关注的是一次性购物的便利性。在今后两年内提高我们的利润的最佳方法是增加一个成衣部门和一个汽车配件和维修商店。我们同时也应该在最后的纪念中继续增加新的部门和服务，比如餐馆，园艺商店。成为本地唯一的提供如此广泛服务的商店将给我们带来超越其他商店的竞争优势。提纲：1. Other rea

34、son that might have caused the increase2. Stores specializing in one service might be able to offer things at a lower price, thus themegamart gained no advantage.1. First of all, the argument suffers from the fallacy of “ after this, therefore because of this”2. Granting that the increase in total s

35、ales was due to the addition of the pharmacy section, thisfact alone is insufficient to support the claim that adding more departments will increase saleseven further.总体销售额增加 20%利润不一定也会相应增加销售额的增加不一定是由于增加了这个部门造成的以后是否还会有如此效果不一定。因为可能已经有企业提供更专业更优质的商品和服务。没有建立因果。sequence 不能证明因果。不知道收入来自哪个section. 很可能是有其他的原

36、因：很可能 是 pharmacy 没有利润。利润来自其他的部分。比如食品等，质量提高，或者经济情况好，人们有更多的 demand。销售额增加不一定是profit 增加。错误类比：就算加入了pharmacy 引起了收入提高，也不能说增加的clothing 和其他也会引起收入。很可 能人们不是因为convenience，而是对medicine 的需要。很可能其他的，人们更愿意到special shops。widerangeofservicesVSincreaseprofitsoverthecoupleofyearspharmacy section 20% total sales increased

37、only from the fact that 20% sales increased a commen realtionship of all customerspharmacy section clothing dept./automotive supplies/repairshoppharmacy secion + wide range of services costs high benefits and profits increasethe Pharmacy section cannot be considered as a trend of the future cusomers

38、, it is possible that in subsequent years, people are more concerned with the special services of grocery store. 11未找到 上月基金 3次V1:去年全国的mining technology都状态低迷，而做Renewable energy的公司有不少都挺成公司认为通过转变策略，devoting research to功（列举了一些能源），因此renewableengergy来盈利并升高公司股价是一定会成功.V2:去年能源*整体下滑 但是一个。好像是这个公司呢却盈利了。原因是他将eff

39、orts switch from minering to renewable energy了。于此同时呢 这个renewable energy的其他公司在未来盈利状况普遍看好（ 风能 太阳能等等）然后 于此这个用 new field strategy 未来将free from 利润的下滑将来继续采V3：讲的是一个研究mining technology 的公司面对去年行业产品需求的整体下降，决定将自己的研究转到renewable energy technology 上。因为很多可再生能源的大公司都取得了成功。所以只要公司进行这方面的研究，那么未来的业绩和股价就一定得到保证了。V4： The CE

40、O of a mining company told the board of director that the company is going to transfer theexisting technical capability into renewal energy sector, etc etc. Then ask you to write an essay.1。false analogy2. gratuitous assumption：可再生能源市场不会萧条吗3。gratuitous assumption：mining technology 一定不会再好起来了吗12 11. T

41、he following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.“In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. Under Varr

42、o, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased and the population increased.Clearly, the residents of San Perdito would be best served if they voted Montoya out ofoffice and reelected Varro.”地方性报纸的编者按：2 次在 Montoya 当 San Perdito 市长的头 4 年里，人口下降而失业率上升。每当一个新企业开业，就有

43、两个旧的关门。而在 Montoya 之前 Uarro 当市长的 4 年里，失业率下降人口增长。很明显，San Perdito 的居民重新选举 Varro 而非 Montoya 会得到更好的服务。提纲：1.It is fallacious reasoning unless other possible casual explanations have been considered and ruled out. recession depression downturn 低迷时期 is part of a picture of . mayor set the stage for Yet anot

44、her possibility is that Varro enjoyed a period of economic stability and Varros own administration set the stage for the unemployment and the decline in population . availability emotionally intentionally specific specifically anger angry citizen thereby bypasscast ones vote for sb. eliminate abolis

45、h casual emotional appeal ，缺乏standard ratio of the closed business to new business in the whole country,不能说两个倒闭一个开就是坏事，很可能淘汰eliminate through selection or contest 了out of date 的企业，建立 了更多具有competitive advantages 的企业。也是好事。2 未排除他因造成了不同。很可能是因为在 P 在任期间，全国的经济不景气，造成了事业更增加。而不是两个市长的不同。假定过去和现在一样，也是个错误！

46、recession depression downturn 低迷时期13 39 The following appeared in an Avia Airlines departmental memorandum.“On average, 9 out of every 1,000 passengers who traveled on Avia Airlines last year filed a complaint about our baggage-handling procedures. This means that although some 1 percent of our pass

47、engers were unhappy with those procedures, the overwhelming majority were quite satisfied with them; thus it would appear that a review of theprocedures is not important to our goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Aviaspassengers.”3 次Avia 航空的部门备忘录：平均地，去年乘坐 Avia 的 1000 个乘客中有 9 个针对我们的行李处理流程

48、写了投诉信。这说明虽然有大约 1%的乘客对这一流程表示不满，乘客的主体对它还是满意的。所以对流程的重新审查对我们要保持和提高 Avia 的乘客数这一目标不是很重要的。提纲：去年是这样今年呢以后呢？很有可能是乘客对服务不满意却没时间正式申诉 3 和别的航空公司比较如何seriousness trivailize 没有plaint 不代表没有不满。2.没有跟其他公司对比，同时并不知道总数。A. In the first place, the arguer takes for granted that the 99 percent of Avia passengers who did notcomp

49、lain were happy with the airlines baggage-handling procedures.B. In the second place, lacking any information regarding the number of passengers per flight and thecomplaint records of competing airlines, we cannot evaluate the seriousness of the problem.14 题库 6The following appeared as part of an ar

50、ticle in a magazine devoted to regional life.“Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helioss unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial center of the region, and historic

51、ally it has provided more than its share of the regions manufacturing jobs. In addition, Helios is attempting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies.”一份面向地方生活的杂志上的一篇文章：企业在寻找新的商机或位置时应该去 Helios 城。甚至在最近的衰退中，Helios 的失业率也比地区平均

52、水平低，它是地区的工业中心，历史上它提供的比它在地区制造业工作中分享的份额中更多。而且，Helios 正试图通过吸引研究和发展革新技术的公司来扩张它的经济基础。提纲：1.作者认为应该到该地区建厂理由是这里的失业率很高。但是却没有给出因果关系。从常理来看这 是没有道理的因为失业率高的地方可能更难雇佣到雇员从而使成本增加。作者认为该地区会鼓励研发，所以应该到该地区投资。但事实上就象作者说的那样该地区是制造业中心怎么可能有很多对技术和科研很熟练的人员。2.1.因为H 地区industrial and manufacturing 比较attractive，所以那里的工人很可能只适合做 这类的，如果缺乏

53、能够做innovative technologies and research 的工人labor pool，那么很可能导致失败。H 的低失业率更可能成为坏处。因为比如有less available work force。企业必须提高wage 才能吸引他们。提高了COST。错误的假设过去的成功能够代表未来。比方说已经饱和的资源、过分的竞争、以及可能出现的错误政策，都可能导致H 地区的经济不再发达。2.3.15 B4 l The following appeared in a memorandum from the CEO of a consumer electronics manufacturi

54、ng firm to the head of the companys human resources department, who is responsible for hiring new employees:“Eight years ago, our firms profits were increasing with each new employee we added. We discovered that each employee had the skills and motivation to generate more revenue for the firm than h

55、is or her salary cost us.However, for the past two years, our profit margin has been falling, even though we have continued to add employees. Thus, our newer employees are not generating enough revenue to justify their salaries. We must not be hiring new employees with the same level of skills and m

56、otivation as those we used to attract. Clearly, then, failures in the humanresources department account for our falling profits.”Discuss how well reasoned . . .etc.提纲：2 次Firstly, the solution to the problem, mentioned in the article, rests on an oversimplified analysis of theissue. The author commit

57、s “after this, therefore, because of this” reasoning. The line of the reasoningis that because recruitment of new employees occurred before the success or failure of the firm, theformer event is responsible for the latter. But this is fallacious reasoning unless all other prospective causes of the c

58、hanges in the firm have been considered and ruled out.For example, perhaps the main products of the firm took up most of the markets several years ago but lost the competitive edge in the past two years; or perhaps recently the costs of materials were much higher then before, squeezing the profits a

59、 lot. Therefore any reason aimed at addressing the problems of firm must be based on more thorough investigation to gather sufficient data , in order tonarrow down and locate the actual cause of the problem. Secondly, the author commits the fallacy of “all things are equal”. The fact that happened t

60、wo years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that the firm should not hire new employees. The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. Given that the firm always needs large number of employe