高中非谓语动词课件[0]

1、非谓语动词讲解Nonfinite Verbs非谓语动词动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词不定式1.谓语动词：概述：2. 非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.1 The teachers sitting there are from oth

2、er schools.表语2 We saw some teachers sitting there. 宾语补足语3 We need to be active in class. 宾语谓语宾语主语定语连系动词划分句子成分非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.4.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 5.I want to see you.6.I want him to see you. 7.My hope is to see you.8.He is the man to see you.9.Im glad to see

3、you. 10.I went to see you. 11.He went so early as to see you（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）12.Swimming is his favourite sport. 13.He enjoys swimming. 14.I found him swimming in the river. 15.His favourite sport is swimming.16.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 17. Swimming

4、in Summer ,we can get cool.（作主语）(作宾语）(作宾补）(作表语）(作状语）(作定语）动词不定式（The Infinitive）一. 动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成 肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：to be done 完成式：to have done二. 动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。动词不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to

5、 see you this eveningAll you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语 宾语表语 定语 状语 宾补(1)作主语 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式

6、主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + 谓语 + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to doIts our duty _ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的 ）（是

7、形容事物的性质的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teach

8、er like that.常见动词有：口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择 want, decide, hope, agree, choose, wish, need ,promise(2)作宾语 I want to know this matter.like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等I dont

9、expect to meet you here.1).接不定式做宾语1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they?2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor.3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.4. My daughter preferred _ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties.5. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.B. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell, advis

10、e, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain know, show, discover, see(understand)He taught us how to use the tool.No one could tell me where to get the book.I hope youll advise me what to do.I dont know how to get there.I havent decided whether to go or stay. beginstartcontinue +to do

11、doing注意下列动词likelovehatepreferlearn+to dodoingrememberforgetregret+to dodoingtrymeanstopgo on+to dodoing1. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to close2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restin

12、gC. to restD. rest4. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off(3)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1. Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock. 2. Illgetsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou. 3. Whatcausedhim_changehismind? 4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossibl

13、e. 5. He asked me _do the work with himadvise allow ask beg cause expect encourage force get hate invite order wishobligewant warn remindpromise permitpersuade requestsb. to dosee watch look athearlisten to feelnotice+sb. +dodoing donemake lethavesb. beseen watched looked atheardlistened to feltnoti

14、ced+to do madelet2).Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong. Didyounoticeanyone(come)in? Iwouldhavehim(wait)formeforalongtime. Lookatthehorsejump. 注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“to”如： He is often heard _ the songHewasseen_theroom. to singtoenter4. it作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it inte

15、resting to work with him注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。 Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it +adj/n + to do sth. 1.Wethought_better_startearly. 2.Doyouconsider_betternot_go?3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish s

16、o much homework in a day.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。 1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers.2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate.4. I saw him _ into the small store.A. wentB. goingC. to g

17、oD. has gone5. Tell the boy _ out of the window.not to look B. to not lookC. dont lookD. not look help(to)waterto takecryto cry 5.I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today? Do you have anything to be washed today? (区别主被动）不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no chance

18、to go there.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is the last to leave the room.不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词 He is looking for a room to live in. 1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruitC. c

19、utting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper （写上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （写）to write onto write with动词不定式做定语注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如： He is looking for a room to live in Please give me a knife to cut

20、 with(5)作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there . To look at him，you would like him(目的) (原因)(结果) (条件)动名词（gerund）一. 动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done二. 动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：1.动名

21、词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰I hope you dont mind my saying it.2. 动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Are you for or against having the meeting.I insisted on leaving at once.三.动名词的功用1.可作主语Seeing is believingReading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous

22、 There is no + doing.It is no use crying.It is no good objectingLooking after the patients is a nurses job.Its dangerous playing with fire.Its a waste of time copying others homework.There is no joking about the matter.2.可作宾语 S. + vt.+ doingHave you finished reading the book?I suggest doing it in a

23、different way.在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：避免错过 (少) 延期 avoid miss delay/postpone建议完成 (多) 练习 suggest / advise finish practise喜欢想象 禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/cant help承认 否定 (与) 嫉妒 admit deny envy逃脱 冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand keep / keep on mind注：在动词a

24、dvise, allow, forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如 We dont allow people to fish here. 我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。 People are not allowed to fish here. 人们不准在这儿钓鱼。 prefer.to. look forward to be used to put off give up S. + keep on + doing succeed in cant help feel like be busy be worth have diffic

25、ulty/trouble/problem (in)作介词/短语动词的宾语:S. + v. + prep. + doinge.g.She sat there without (speak)I look forward to (see) him again.Are you used to (live) there alone?When my father heard the news, he couldnt help (laugh).I dont feel like (go) to see the film.He was busy (prepare) his lessons.主动表被动: want

26、 (需要) need (需要) require (需要) Sth. + + doing be worth (值得)使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义to be done使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义 The room wants (clean). The method needs (improve). This pair of shoes require (mend). The problem needs (work out). The question is well worth (discuss)d）动词 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名

27、词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在 should, would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。What would you like to eat tonight?你今晚上想吃什么？Stop；forget；try；Mean；go on；Others Examples五.动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语1).物主代词 / 名词所有格 +

28、动名词 在句中作主语: Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Do you mind my smoking? Do you mind my reading your paper? Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Roses going wont be of much help. 2).人称代词宾格 / 名词 + 动名词 在句中作宾语: Im sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a p

29、ilot. I dont mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking.分词：Participles一 分词的概述1. 分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现 在分词（Present Participle）和过去分词（Past Participle）。 2. 现在分词：doing 过去分词：规则动词 V+ed 不规则动词 3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中 作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动Do you know the woman t

30、alking to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.2. 时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成Developing country boiling waterDeveloped country boiled water二、分词的作用1、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。（1）前置定语He is a promising young man.Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child.We only sel

31、l used books.我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置定语The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。The bridge built last month needs repairing.上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后， 相当于一个定语从句。如：Those who wish to join the club should sign here(T

32、hose wishing to join this club should sign here.)想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。(The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. （4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成，只表完成。如：the question discussed yesterday昨天讨论的问题（既表示被动也表示完成

33、）the fallen leaves落下的树叶(只表示完成，不表示被动)2、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：She was too frightened to move.她被吓得一动不动。What you said is really inspiring.你所说的真令从鼓舞。3、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。I saw him walking in the street. 我看见他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom.我听见

34、他们在教室里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room B）I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English . 现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别四、作状语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of

35、 the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. 4.I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.When they heard the bad newsGiven more attention, the t

36、rees could have grown better.If they had been given more attentionBeing so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.Because he was so angryThey came into the classroom,singing and laughing.and they were singing laughingTo serve the people well, I study hard. In order to serve the people well判断下列句子正误：1. To lear

37、n English well, a lot of practice must be done.2. Seeing from the hill, the city is more beautiful.3. Heating , water will boil.4. Getting there, the door was found opened. 判断句子正误并改正：1, Being ill, his classmate sent him to hospital.2. To get there in time, he told me to get up early.3, Broken by Jim

38、, I cant use the cup.将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：1. Because she was moved by the hero, she decided to study harder.Moved by the hero,2. When he found the door locked, he went home.Finding the door locked,He started early in order that he could get there on time.to get there on time将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句1. Not knowin

39、g her address, I cant write to her.2. Entering the room, I saw a strange sight.3, Scolded by the teacher, he was very sad.4.Not knowing where to go, he asked a policeman . 5. Hearing her friend was bad-ly hurt, she burst into tears.6. Knowing his team had won, he became happy at once.不定式时态、语态的用法1. 不

40、定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般时态 He wanted to see you 2. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行时态When I came in ,he pretended to be reading a book He is said to be writing a novel 3. 强调 不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时He is said to have written a novel . Im so glad to have seen you .The ground is so wet ,It must have rained last night 不定式

41、被动语态的用法.A, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态She asked to be sent to work in Tibet (宾语)The book is said to have been translated into English ( 或叫合 It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here (主 语)句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被动关系，也还要用主动语态1, Give him some book to read Do you have any clothes to wash ?“Do you

42、have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid 2, S +be+easy difficult hard pleasant interesting exciting comfortable +to doThis question is easy to answer The boy is difficult to teach 3, The house is to let The manager is to blame .The reason is not far to seek .4There be句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同Ther

43、e is nothing to do now (we have nothing to do now )现在没事干There is nothing to be done now (we can do nothing now )现在没什么办法There is nothing to see (nothing is worth seeing )没有东西值得看There is nothing to be seen 看不见有什么东西分词时态、语态的用法 如果强调分词表示的动作 发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。Not having finished his homework ,Tom was made t

44、o stay at school .Having closed all the windows ,I went home Having been invited to the party ,Tom was very happy . 分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关系时被动的，要用被动语态1.Looking out of the window, I can see many cars and buses.2.Seen from the top of Dragon Tower, Harbin looks more beautiful.3.The teacher came i

45、n, _many students.(follow)4.The teacher came in, _by many students.(follow)followingfollowed 如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。1. Being repaired, the building is forbidden to enter.2. The house being built now is a Hope Project School.3. Passing by the accident scene, I saw the man badly hurt being carried

46、 onto an ambulance. Task: complete the following sentences1.“（你有衣服要洗吗）?the maid asked.2._(没有完成作业),Tom was forbidden to watch TV.3._(正在刷油漆), the house was not allowed to enter.4._(被邀请参加舞会), Mary felt excited.5.The difficult maths problem _(很难算出）.6.She was angry for _(没有被邀请）to the ball.7.The thief sto

47、le into the store_(没人看到）8.The flat _(出租）9.The man who was on duty that day _(应受谴责）10.They were proud of _(被派往西藏去工作）11.When the teacher came in, Tom _(假装再看书）12.Ni Ping is said _(写了一本名叫“日子”的书） 13.Song Dandan is said _(在写一本叫“月子”的书）14._(从窗户往外看), I can see many tall buildings.15._(从山顶往下看), the city looks

48、 more beautiful.16._(他有很多活要干）.Dont bother him.17._(他有很多活要干) and you can go ,too. Do you have any clothes to be washedNot having finished his homework,Being paintedNot having been invited to the ball,is difficult to work outnot having been invitedwithout being seenis to letis to blamehaving been sent

49、 to work in Tibetpretended to be reading to have written a book called “The Days”to be writing a book named “ The Months”Looking out of the window,Seen from top of the hill,He has a lot of work to doHe has a lot of work to be done分词的时态和语态构成（以study和go为例） 及物与不及物动词 语态 时态 类别 及 物 动 词 不及物动词主动语态 被动语态 主动语态现

50、在分词一般式 studying being studied going完成式 having studied having been studied having going过去分词一般式 studied gone被动式： being done 表示一个现在进行的完成动作。1.The building being repaired is our library.2.The question being discussed is very important.3. As we approached the village, we saw new houses being put up.完成式：ha

51、ving done 所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.2. Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.独立主格结构 一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。 独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不

52、定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 Given more time, we could do it better.Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.1独立主格结构的形式：（1）名词 / 代词 + -ing分词及其短语The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.The pupils ar

53、e walking slowly, their teacher following.（2）名词 / 代词 + -ed分词及其短语Good-bye said, we went home.All things considered, it is a good plan.（3）名词 / 代词 + 形容词及其短语The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming.Dinner ready, the hostess asked her guests to be seated.（4）名词 / 代词 + 不定式及其短语The money to be paid by t

54、he driver, the police went away.Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.（5）名词 / 代词 + 副词及其短语The meeting (being) over, we left the room.（6）名词 / 代词 + 介词及其短语She stood there, book in hand.Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.2with + 复合宾语结构这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这

55、种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。（1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 名词The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon.He was carried into the hospital, with his face a mass of bleeding flesh.（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词The teacher came into the

56、 classroom with a book in his hand.He was asleep with his head on his arms.Family dependants, when ill, enjoy free medical treatment, with medicines at half price.（3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词He went out with his hat on.The square looks more beautiful than ever with her lights on.4）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词Dont

57、 speak with your mouth full.The once lowly serfs now walk with heads high.5）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.With everyone surrounding us we can certainly succeed.She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.（6）with + 名词 / 代词 + -en分词Al

58、l the afternoon he worked with the door locked.He died with his lifes work still unfinished.With his matter settled, we left the room.（7）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do most of the work.This was a severe test, with innumerable difficulties to be overcome.Wi

59、th five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.3.由There being +主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。不定式与动名词作主语的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作： Its no good eating too much fat. Its not good for you to eat so much

60、fat. 关于逻辑主语的问题动名词复合结构的一般规则是：1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。Toms (His) coming is what we have expe 2. 逻辑主语是无生命的名词：Is there any hope of our team winning the match She didnt mind Jack/ Jacks (him/ his) coming here.1. _to the meeting surprised all of the boards. A. Mike coming B.