商务英语阅读 王艳 Chapter 4

1、Chapter 4: International Business Cooperation1. globalisation 全球化2. FDI ： foreign direct investment对外直接投资3. OECD：The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 经济合作与开展组织，简称经合组织4. Cross-holding 相互持股Professional Terms5. restructuring 企业重组6. outsource 外包7. core competency 核心竞争力8. deregulati

2、on 放宽管制9. private-equity 私募股权投资10. Specialization To restrict someones economic activities to some certain fields 专门化Professional Terms 1. The term “economic globalization is now being used with increasing frequency in newspapers, magazines, seminars and international conferences. 2. The basic featu

3、re is free flow of commodity, capital, technology, service, and information in the global context for optimized allocation.conomic globalization is giving new impetus and providing opportunities to world economic development and meanwhile making the various economies more and more interdependent and

4、 interactive. Economic globalization4. While many people are acclaiming the benefits brought about by economic globalization, there are also loud voices of opposition, since different countries and peoples do not enjoy balanced benefits. 5. Economic integration also makes them more vulnerable to the

5、 adverse events across the globe. 6. Maybe we can say few topics are as controversial as globalization. 7. But like it or not, it has become an objective trend in world economic development. 8. The best policy for us is to follow the trend closely, availing the opportunities it offers to develop our

6、selves and avoiding its possible impacts. No country is an islandIntroduction: Japan is reluctantly embracing globalization and is struggling in import penetration and inward FDI. Pre-reading Questions 1. Why is Japan such an outlier? 2. Why does Japan need to embrace globalization? 3. How can Japan

7、ese firms go global?Paragraph 1-81. Why is Japan such an outlier? 2. Why does Japan need to embrace globalization? 1. Why is Japan such an outlier? (1-8)Regulations and remnants of post-WWII regulations restricted inward flows of goods and investments in order to protect domestic growth. Other indus

8、tryspecific regulations, domestic crises and financial crises in the 1990s-2000s have been major factors. 2. Why does Japan need to embrace globalization? (1-8)The Japanese domestic markets are mature and growth opportunities are abroad. The inflow of foreign ideas can boost innovation and reform. A

9、nd foreign entrants also spur and incite domestic internal reform. 3. How can Japanese firms go global?(9-14)The boldest is to try to achieve global scale through domestic and foreign acquisitions.Other options for Japanese firms are to move into high-value specialist products; adopt a regional stra

10、tegy, focusing on Asian markets; or form a global alliance with. Foreign investment and globalization are necessary steps if Japanese firms wish to survive in a highly competitive global environment. Questions in detailWhy isnt Japan an export-oriented economy? Key: Part of the reason is regulatory

11、hangover from the post-war period. The Japanese firms have been so busy with the domestic crisis that they have forgotten to remain connected with the rest of the world. 2. What factors contribute to Japans current zest for globalization? Key: One reason is that the domestic market has matured and t

12、he population has started to shrink, Japanese firms must look abroad for growth opportunities. There are other reasons including seeking new market, eagerness to benefit from foreign ideas and to speed internal reform. 3. What are the obstacles for Japans globalization? Key: Japanese firms also face

13、 a shortage of managers with international experience and the mindset and skills needed to operate globally. They would also have to content with rivals in America, Europe and new comers like China. 4. What are the options for Japanese companies who intended to go global? Key: There are several opti

14、ons for Japanese firms: to achieve global scale through domestic and foreign acquisitions, to move into high-value specialist products, to adopt a regional strategy focusing on Asian market, to form a global alliance with a foreign firm.5. Why are Japanese companies cautious about outsourcing to Chi

15、na? Key: Japans lack of enthusiasm for outsourcing to China is due to the concern over anti-Japanese sentiment and the desire to protect their intellectual property and to a relief that manufacturing remains a core Japanese competency. 6. Why does the Japanese government decide to encourage more FDI

16、 in Japan? Key: Its not because Japan is short of capital. It is because the government recognizes that inviting in foreign firms is an indirect means of promoting reform, by exposing sleepy Japanese firms, particularly in the service sector, to a dose of competition. 7. What do foreign firms need t

17、o do in order to succeed in Japan? Key: Foreign firms need to understand the local market but must also carefully craft a strategy for the Japanese market. 8. What does Thierry Porte mean by saying that “foreigners have often been catalysts of change in Japanese history? Key: Foreign firms are essen

18、tially targets of Japanese firms. They can bring in new ideas which are then assimilated to the Japanese firms. Task II 1) F 2) T 3) T 4) T 5) F6) F 7) T 8) F 9) F 10) Tmobility of people 人口流动Supplier networks 供给商网络standardized items 标准零配件specialist manufacturing technology 特殊制造技术complementary econo

19、mies 互补经济体anti-Japanese sentiment 反日情绪foreign affiliates 外国附属公司go public 上市 3. Phrase Translation P89企业并购 mergers and acquisition海外扩张 overseas expansion全球化战略 globalization strategy保护主义措施 protectionist measures市场准入 access to market知识产权 intellectual property right贸易伙伴 trading partners资本投入 capital inve

20、stmentPhrase Translation P90Task 4 Translation of Sentences 1. 目前，各公司提供的系统只能与他们自己的硬件兼容，但他们正在努力使其设备与其他公司的硬件集成在一起。 Vendors now offer systems that work only with their hardware, but they are trying to make their equipment integrate with others hardware. 2. 相比之下，农业出口反响迅速，年增长率在1980年和1981年就达17.7%。 Agricul

21、tural exports, by contrast, respond immediately, growing at an annual rate of 17.7 percent in 1980 and 1981. Task 4 Translation of Sentences 3. 这本书会教你用战略性的思考研究山野，培养运用跨学科的方法来管理工商企业的能力和解决问题的能力。 This book takes a strategic view of business and develops the ability to take a multidisciplinary approach t

22、o managing a business and resolving problems and issues. 4. 由于经济萧条与9-11带来的影响，纽约市市长麦克布隆伯格必须全力对付60亿美元的巨额预算赤字。 Thanks to the recession and 9/11, Mayor Michael Bloomberg must contend with a whopping budget deficit projected to 60 billion. Task 4 Translation of Sentences 5. 请正确处理电池，不要把它们丢进火中或置于高温中 Dispos

23、e of batteries properly. Do not throw them into fire or expose to high temperature. 6. 未来饮料群国际化的营运模式，除了发挥集团的协同效应外，也将与国际大厂策略联盟，藉优势互补，快速扩充国际化竞争力。 In the future, in addition to syndicating our groups efforts, we will ally with foreign companies to leverage advantages and enhance global competitiveness.

24、 Task 4 Translation of Sentences 7.我们确信，在已制定的方案期限内，经济改革会结出成果和效益，这些将不限于国内而会走向世界。 We are certain that in due course of time, the economic reforms will have brought about results and benefits that will go beyond Chinas boundaries.8. 在一家大银行已降低了利率，其他银行也准会照样做的。 One of the major banks has lowered its interest rate and the other bank is expected to follow suit. Task 4 Translation of Sentences 9. 在这些季度会议上，上司有责任对每一个经理人员的方案提出意见。 During these qu