《关于英汉互译对等原则的分析》英语本科毕业论文模板

1、论文编号_号:_对外经济贸易大学University of International Business and Economics小初黑体加重 毕业论文 二号黑体加重 关于英汉互译对等原则的分析三号黑体。后面线上的文字要居中 学号 统一写“英语”，居中姓名 学院 直接写导师姓名，居中专业 导师 日期都统一写好时间 2011 年 月 日No_对外经济贸易大学University of International Business and EconomicsTimes New Roman小初。下空一行。Graduation Thesis A Study of Equivalent Transla

2、tion Principles in ChinaTimes New Roman三号加重，后面线上的英文要求“左对齐”Student ID No Student Name School Name Major Field Advisor Date： March , 2011 毕业论文（设计）诚信声明书本人声明：我所提交的毕业论文（设计）关于英汉互译对等原则的分析是我在指导教师指导下独立研究、写作的成果，论文中所引用他人的无论以何种方式发布的文字、研究成果，均在论文中加以说明；有关教师、同学和其他人员对本文的写作、修订提出过并为我在论文中加以采纳的意见、建议，均已在我的致谢辞中加以说明并深致谢意。论

3、文作者 （签字） 时间： 2011年 月 日指导教师已阅 （签字） 时间： 2011年 月 日毕业论文（设计）版权使用授权书本毕业论文 关于英汉互译对等原则的分析 是本人在校期间所完成学业的组成部分，是在对外经济贸易大学教师的指导下完成的，因此，本人特授权对外经济贸易大学可将本毕业论文的全部或部分内容编入有关书籍、数据库保存，可采用复制、印刷、网页制作等方式将论文文本和经过编辑、批注等处理的论文文本提供给读者查阅、参考，可向有关学术部门和国家有关教育主管部门呈送复印件和电子文档。本毕业论文无论做何种处理，必须尊重本人的著作权，署明本人姓名。论文作者 （签字） 时间： 2011年 月 日指导教师

4、已阅 （签字） 时间： 2011年 月 日关于英汉互译对等原则的分析小三号宋体，上下各空一行。摘要该论文将以电影刮痧作为案例，结合相关文献，对片中两个中美文化差异进行详细地研究分析，其分别为：对比中国人民情感取向与美国人民理性取向，对比中国人与美国人对儿童独立性格的理解，以使读者能够更加深入地了解中美文化差异。分析显示，中美文化差异与中美两国传统思想，传统思维与判断模式有关。最后，该论文将通过归纳改进已提出的三种解决中美文化差异的理论，分别为：相似相溶理论，和而不同原则，形成具有适应性的第三种文化理论，提出五步解决法，以缓和文化冲突，具体为：认识共同点；尊重不同点；感情层面上，相信文化冲突可以

5、缓和；认识层面上，形成对文化差异的初步理解；实践层面上，验证并修正认识，以期对读者有所启示。论文中文摘要正文一般不超过300字。宋体小四，行距15行。关键词： 刮痧 中美文化差异 解决策略关键词不多于三个，与论文题目对应。A Comparison of 18号加重Sensibility/Sense-tendency and Childrens Dependence/Independence in China and the USA from The Gua Sha Treatment论文外文摘要，一般为300-450字。标题为Times New Roman16号加重。行距16号1倍。小三Zha

6、o Li论文外文摘要正文为Times New Roman小四号，行距15倍。ABSTRACTBased on the film，The Gua Sha Treatment and relevant literature，this thesis will analyze two of the cultural differences in detail，which are the comparison of the Chinese sensibility-tendency and the American sense-tendency，and the comparison of the Chin

7、ese and the American views on childrens qualification as independent human being，making people understand the Chinese and American cultural differences in deeper senseThe result shows that，the Chinese and American cultural differences root in the different Chinese and American traditional thoughts，a

8、nd traditional modes of thinking and judgmentFinally，the thesis analyzes three theories on the solution to the cultural collision，which are thetheory of Similar-Dissolve-Mutually，the principle of Consistence Tolerating Difference，and the theory of Forming an Adaptive Third Culture CAnd then it shape

9、s Five-Step Solution on easing the cultural conflicts，namely，first，realizing the similarities among different cultures; second，respecting the parts that other cultures are different from ours; third，on the emotional level，believing that cultural collision can be eased; fourth，on the cognitive level，

10、reaching primary understanding of the cultural differences，fifth，on the verbal and behavioral level，checking up，correcting and increasing the understanding of the cultural differencesIt is expected that the findings of the thesis can provide useful information for the readersKey words: The Gua Sha T

11、reatment Chinese and American cultural differences Solution to the cultural collision中英文摘要均不能超过一页Times New Roman 小三号。下空一行。AcknowledgementsTimes New Roman小四号。行距15。I owe debts of gratitude to Professor *，my mentor，who guides me to read academic works and urges me to clarify my thoughtsWithout her supp

12、ort and encouragement，this thesis would not have taken the shape as it is nowBesides，the teaching of many teachers including *in the School of International Studies，the help to refine the language from my dear American friends Robin Crew，Ryan Wedeking，and Ben Stewart，and the resources of schools lab

13、oratory are all indispensable for the completion of the thesis and the author would like to extend the heartfelt thanks hereTimes New Roman小四、行距15，仅列两级标Contents Abstract(Chinese)I与下面目录正文间空一行。AbstractIIAcknowledgementsIIIChapter 1 Introduction1Chapter 2 Literature Review 21 22Chapter 3 Comparison of

14、the Chinese Sensibility-tendency and the American Sense-tendency5Chapter 4 Comparison of the Chinese and the American Views on Children Qualification as Independent Human Being1531 Reasons for the Formation of the Chinese View on Childrens Qualification as Dependent Human Being32 Reasons for the For

15、mation of the American View on Children Qualification as Independent Human BeingChapter 5 Solutions to the Cultural Collision1841 Introduction to Three Relevant Theories42 Introduction to Five-Step SolutionChapter6 Conclusion21 Bibliography22Appendix 1 Two English Texts23Appendix 2 Translated Texts

16、(Chinese)33页边距:上3厘米，下34厘米，左35厘米，右32厘米标题为Times New Roman三号加重。Chapter 1 IntroductionTranslation is an issue students of English major talk every dayHow to express the meaning of an English sentence in Chinese properly? How to translate Chinese into idiomatic English? In a matter of fact，we are looking

17、 for equivalent translationThat is to make our utmost to deliver the entirely same message from one language into anotherBecause meaning comes from a specific language environment，translation must take the context into considerationThat includes who the reader isBecause differences of readers cognit

18、ive，social and cultural environment，translation cannot contain the same meaning to all the readersBut the meaning is definitely of the translatorAn important reason for equivalence is that mans experiences are basically the same，so that we can all feel other peoples feelingsIn one kind of translatio

19、n，English-Chinese translation，for example，the translator cannot take control of the writer，but can do that to the readersHe will have the readers be informed of the original meaning the writer wants to expressSo the process of translation of another culture is a process the translator taking control

20、 of the readers in social，cultural and cognitive aspectsDifferent contexts result in different translationsDifferent readers make different language contextsSo translation should be adapted according to the variation of readersIn this thesis，impact of readers on translation (readers oriented transla

21、tion) will be discussed in detailIt will be divided into the following parts:Chapter2 Literature ReviewSummary of Three Articles Regarding Equivalent Translation and the Role of ParticipantsIA Discussion of Zero Equivalence Translation in Branding（谈标牌的零对等翻译）Li Jiangchun In translation of branding，we

22、 should not only highlight accuracy，appealing and cautions，but also make it adapted to consumers cultural background and helpful for consumers to receive the same message from the brand，basing on familiarity and respect to the readers social and cultural customs（在标牌翻译中，我们既要突出其所要表达的内容的准确性、呼吁性或警示性等特点，

23、又要在熟悉并尊重译文读者的社会文化和生活习惯的基础上，使之符合该国消费者的文化背景，使译文读者能得到与本国居民同样的信息，以达到其应有的目的）。 Language and culture are the main factors influencing over translationUnder these two factors，translation must be properly adjustedBasically equivalence translation，as we often highlight，is not available hereZero equivalence tr

24、anslation is one effective method to manage that Translation is a kind of flexible subjectWe must consider the specific situation before deciding the wording in translation IIA Study of Attention Translators Pay to Readers in Translation Activities- Deliberation on Translation of Personal Pronoun(论翻

25、译活动中译者对读者的关注对人称代词翻译的再思考)Li Qiuxia May，2006Readers are target of translationThey are receivers，not just passive receiversSo translators should pay more attention to readers when they are focusing on the diction“No reader or translator enters a literature without thinking in their own mindHe has his o

26、wn organization of perception，cultural edification and experience of life and social activitiesHe has insight in aestheticsHe has knowledge of what hes going to see” （“每个读者或译者都不是在头脑一片空白的状况下进入一个文学作品的，他有一定的知识结构，一定的文化熏陶，一定的生活和社会经历与经验，有一定的审美能力和审美倾向，也就是他对文本已有一个前理解”）Attention should also be paid to Transl

27、ation of personal pronounDue to cultural diversities，acknowledge needs，language habits and emotions and aesthetics insights of the readers are differentWe must adapt translation according to the different situationsIIIThe Leading Role of Translator in The Process of Translation(翻译过程中译者的主导作用)Wang Liy

28、ing 2010The leading role of translator means not only the main role in translation，but also his guidance to the translated work and his influence on peoples thought through that workHowever，that does not enlarge the power of translator infinitelyAs translator plays so important a role in translation

29、，he should value his position and try best to be an eligible translatorThe leading role of a translator explains that he takes advantage of his subjective initiative to guide the completion of a work and influence on readers of their behaviors and viewpoints，thus boosting the formation of social mor

30、alityAs the most human element in the process of translation，translators are always coordinating relationships between original authors and readersOn one point，they play as readers to read and comprehend the authors and their works; on another point，they play as elucidators to transform the language

31、 for the convenience of the readersTranslators are guiders of their readers through their translation worksTranslators select work to be translated according to their own likes and purposes，decide translation methods and strategies to be used，making the translations contain much of their own thought

32、s and points of viewContents in original works are usually critically chosen to be translated，while adapted by the translators in line with translators views on life and valueIn this way，translators use their translation woks to influence the society，driving the reformation and progress of societyTh

33、ere are several features for the leading role of translators: dependent，distinguishable，social and historicalIn the process of translation，translators adapt，select and recreate the original works，therefore leading and commanding the whole processMain factors restraining leadership of translators are

34、 structure of knowledge，social ideology and the rules of translation they must conform toLiterature ReviewReaders in Equivalence TranslationAccording to the first article，branding translations should not be equivalent onesIn the business world，all actions should be focused on consumersIf equivalent

35、translation for a certain brand or slogan is favored by the view of consumers，it can be adoptedIf not，translations must be adapted，even if that adaptation violates the principle of equivalent translationThe adaptation caused no misunderstandingsOn the contrary，it helps consumers，here we refer to as

36、readers of the translation，have deeper understanding of message that brand or slogan is intended to deliverThat translation actually is a kind of equivalent translationThe second article expresses that readers should be paid more attention to，citing the usage of personal pronoun as an exampleEquival

37、ent translation should take readers into considerationIf it just literally accords to the original meaning but cannot be understood by its target readers，we cannot take it as equivalent translationHere is a simple example: As poor as a church mouseWe may translate this sentence literally as: “穷的像教堂的

38、老鼠”But we can see this does not make much sense to Chinese readerswe cannot see emphasize of “poor” from this translation as it should have been emphasized according to the original sentenceIf we can translate it as: “一贫如洗”，the readers can realize the sentence is to emphasize “poor”Compared with the

39、 former translation，the latter one does not contain all the literal meaning of the original version，but may be more equivalent with the original oneThe third article elaborates the dominant role of translators in the process of a translationUsually in a translation of a long piece of writing，transla

40、tors may use their own method to make the readers understand his messageSometimes they translate that work just because they learned a lot from that workThey think they should let more people have a knowledge of that workThey may add some of their own understandings and viewpoints or even change som

41、e of the points if they consider necessaryIn this case，it is not equivalent translationThe original information has been changed by the translatorsIt is more of a recreation of the translators than a pure translationAnd even in this case，translators have to consider their target readersIf cannot be

42、fully understood，their efforts are in vainEquivalent translation should ensure that it is equivalent with understanding of the readers，while expressing the exact meaning of original textsLets see this sentence: I do know that mother, father, sister, teacher were among them-words were to make the wor

43、ld blossom for me, like Aarons rod, with flowers. We translate it as: “我确实知道其中有母亲、父亲、姐姐、老师后来正是这些词把一个美好的世界展现到我面前，就像圣经上说的亚伦杖开花一样”. As we can see, words are added here to help Chinese readers understand that the last words are literary quotation from the Bible. And another example: translation of Chine

44、se sentence “我只会马走日象走田”. Here the rule of Chinese chess is mentioned. If we directly translate them into English, few western readers can understand the real meaning. So we can change it as “I only know the most basic moves of Chinese chess.” The original literal meaning is changed, but it will make

45、 it easier for English-speaking readers to understand. Readers oriented translation is the right one for equivalence of translation. Translators oriented translations cannot be regarded as equivalent translationThey are recreations by the translatorsChapter 3 Equivalence in Readers Oriented Translat

46、ionIn a typical translation work，such as a periodical，magazine，public sign or written news，translators must focus on the tastes of their readersEquivalence translation is rather important here，since the information is all impersonalTheir job is to properly transform the language for the convenience

47、of the readersMinor changes may be made，but the purpose is to make it more easily understoodEquivalence in translation here is strictly requiredLets see an example showing how equivalence of translation considering needs of readers is applied in practical workTranslation of English News into Chinese

48、Equivalence is only an ultimate target journalism translators are seeking to achieveNews translation is the transferring of the meaning of a news text from one language to another to attain the effective second communication，with a intention to transmit the information and inform the target news tex

49、t readers of the news eventSimply speaking，any news of a certain language that is produced on the basis of certain topic，its counterpart on the same topic in another language is accepted as news translationNews translation is available nowadaysHowever，it frequently comes in the form of variation on

50、a practical planet，a practice involving not merely translation but also text addition，deletion，substitution，reconstruction and other textual changesNews translation has its own special characteristicsNews must be current or recent events happenings unknown or unfamiliar to the publicIn order to attr

51、act more readers and audiences，news reporting is a kind of job which calls for a high degree of efficiency and great intensionThe fresher the content is，the more valuable the news will beNews translation，as a second media transmission，is bound to be performed and completed in a fast and efficient ma

52、nnerIt is the timeliness of news that determines the timeliness of news translationNews translation should race against time so that the translated news could be exposed to the readers as soon as possibleIf a piece of translated news costs several days or even months，the news will become obsolete an

53、d attract no peopleNews translators perhaps have little time to refer to the dictionary or consult an expert for the limit of timeA qualified news translator is required to be familiar with the language and culture of both languages as much as possible，such as fixed expressions，journalistic neologis

54、ms，cultureloaded words，and so onNews translation should be completed without any delay after manuscripts are receivedThe chance of causing mistakes is probably moreBut the timeliness should not be achieved at the sacrifice of accuracyThe contents of news involve all aspects of life，including politic

55、s，economy，science and technology，education，culture，hygiene，military and diplomatic affairs，sports，religion and so onThe meaning of a word may be different from its original meaning for its different contexts of the news，So the journalist-translator should find out the exact meaning of itFor instance

56、，“presence” is a word frequently used in news reportIts original meaning is the state or fact of existing，occurring，or being present in a place，or being at handDue to the urgent deadline and different background and needs from different readers，news translators tend to make adaptations to provide th

57、e target readers as much information as possible in limited textsIn the process of translating news，translators often choose and translate texts not necessarily only from one but several pieces of news of similar topics to meet the different needs of the readersIn fact，translators often recompose ne

58、ws by omission，addition，or summarizingExcept for special cases，completely literal translation or word-to-word translation is impossiblebackgroundsWhen the target readers are familiar with the news，there is no need to translate the detailsUnder such circumstance，omission may take placeWhen the transl

59、ated news is unfamiliar or even strange to people，addition often occurs to help the target readers to get a better understanding of the original textsSometimes，the translators select and translate the events relevant to the readers country to satisfy the need of the target readersIn the case of news

60、 translation，the translators usually adopt the methods of literal translation，free translation，literal translation plus free translation，literal translation plus explanation，literal annotation，transliteration plus annotation or explanationHowever, because of the difference between Chinese and Englis