C、D篇阅读专练-2019-2020学年中考知识及解题技巧(人教新目标版)(解析版)

1、中考CD篇阅读一、细节理解题.审题读题干，确定题目类型。细节理解题的常见设问方式为：Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?(2)What does the writer pay the least attention to?(3)Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.(4)All of the following statements may be true/false except.(5)Which of the following is not the re

2、sult of.?(6)Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of.?When/Where/Why/Who/How/What.?.解题(1)用略读的方法通读阅读材料，对原文有一个大概的了解，掌握其主旨。(2)按文章的体裁，如记叙文、说明文或议论文等及作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如forexample,first,second等预测应该在何处寻找自己所需要的事实。(3)把主要精力放在寻找自己所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直至找到所需要的部分。待找到所需要的部分时，可放慢速度，细

3、读要查找的内容。【特别提醒】细节理解题主要是对文中某个短语、句子、段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文中找到，所以解题时务必牢记要忠于原文的上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。二、主旨大意题.审题读题干，确定题目类型。主旨大意题的常见设问方式为：(1)What s the main idea of this passage?(2)What does the passage mainly tell us?(3)What does the passage mainly discuss?(4)The writer means to tell us that(5)The main

4、 idea of the passage is that(6)The passage is mainly aboutFrom the passage we can learn/conclude that.(8)The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with .(9)What s the best title for the passage?(10)What would be the best title for the passage?(11)The best title/headline(标题)for the passage is.解题(1)中心思想

5、类的主旨大意题找准全文的主题句是中心思想类的主旨大意题的关键。河北省中考试卷的文章多以演绎型文章为主，即提出观点，然后列举论据，举例说明。故文章多以总分关系为主，所以其主题句的常见位置为首段首句或首段尾 句。但也不排除归纳型文章，即列举事例，然后归纳总结观点，所以尾段首句和尾句也要多留意。(2)标题类主旨大意题其常见解题技巧有：根据主题句确定标题即先确定好本文的主题句，然后选择和主题句一致的标题。根据高频词汇确定标题通览全文看看哪些关键词出现频率较高，那么就倾向于选择含有这些关键词的标题。用好双向法”即根据标题内容去推测文章应该具体讲些什么。反过来再根据文本内容去结合标题。两个方向综合考虑，就

6、可以选出正确标题。【特别提醒】主旨大意题主要考查对文本中心思想的掌握和理解情况。解答这类试题时，一定不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，一定要结合主题句去做题。三、词义猜测题.审题读题干，确定题目类型。词义猜测题的常见设问方式为：(1)What s the meaning of the underlined word/phrase.in Chinese?(2)The underlined wordrefers to/probably means.(3)The underlined wordcould be replaced by.(4)What is the meaning of.?(5)Whi

7、ch of the following words can take the place of the word.?.解题(1)单词释义法在画线单词后可能会有 “” 或 “that means./that is to say.等表解释说明的句子 ”,这时只要把这句话理解到位,就能顺利猜出画线词的词义。(2)举例法在画线单词后可能会有for example,such as等引导的例子，这时只要把这些例子读懂，就能顺利猜出画线单词的意思。(3)代入法将四个选项逐个代入原文并结合上下文进行翻译,可以结合上下文内容从感情基调、褒义、贬义等角度进行各选项间的对比,这时就能顺利猜出画线单词的意思。(4)构

8、词法有时可以结合构词法进行词义猜测,即从合成词、派生词的前后缀、词性和词义的转化的角度去考虑画线单词 ,这对于猜出画线单词的词义较有帮助。四、推理判断题审题读题干,确定题目类型。推理判断题的常见设问方式为:(1)It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that.(2)Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?(3)The writer suggests that.(4)The writer uses the example of.t

9、o show that.(5)What s the writer s attitude toward.?(6)What s the writer s purpose of writing the passage?(7)From the passage,we know.(8)The writer probably agrees that.2.解题(1)透过现象看本质通过阅读文本,透过文章表面文字信息推断文章的隐含意思,领悟作者的思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。(2)牢记一定以原文为前提一定要以原文为前提,根据作者的观点(非考生观点),客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予逻辑推理 ,做出一定

10、解释。【特别提醒】 推理判断题一定要从作者的角度去考虑,不要固守自己的观点和看法。中考真题训练People like different colors. Girls always like pink or purple. Boys usually like blue or brown. Why people like different colors? Do you want to know the secrets of colors?Just read on.People like different colors because of their cultures and countrie

11、s. For the Egyptians, green is the color that represents the hope and joy of spring. For Muslims, green means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope. Chinese people think red can bring good luck to them in the New Year. In some cou

12、ntries, blue is a symbol of protection. Greek people often wear blue necklaces in order to protect themselves.People csoice of colors is also influenced by their bodies reactions toward them. Green is said to be the most relaxing color. It can make people relaxed. Red can cause a person blood pressu

13、re to rise and increase people s appetites. Many restauraowners will decorate their restaurants with red things. Red is also a color that can catch a person s eye easily. That is why some shopping websites always have red“ BUY NOW banother calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose app

14、etite. So if you want to lose weight, using blue bowls and plates may be helpful.I.The underlined word a represents probably meansin English.A.calls forB.stands forC.cares forD.prepares for2.Why do many restaurant owners like to use red things to decorate their restaurants?A.Because red can bring ho

15、pe and joy.B.Because red can bring them good luck.C.Because red can make customers eat more.D.Because red can catch customers eye easily.f you want to eat less, you can use bowls and plates.A.blueB.redC.greenD.pink.Which of the following is mentioned in the text?A.Why the Egyptians like red and blue

16、.BUY NOW buttons.B.What Chinese people think of black.C.Why shopping websites have redD.What the most popular colors for young people are.What s the best title for the text?B.Colors and their symbolsA.Teenagers favorite colorsC.Colors and culturesD.The secrets of colors【解析】 词义猜测题。 由后文 “For Muslims,

17、green means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures.可知画线词 represent的意思应接近 mean懑思是）和is a symbol of（是的象征）“。A项 要求，提倡”，B项 汰表，象征”，C1关心，照顾”，而 为做准备”。“represent的意思可能是 “stands for选B。【答案】 C people s appetites. 可知答案应为” C 。【解析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Redcan cause as blood pressure to rise and increase【答案】

18、A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“ So if you want to lose weight, using blue bowls and plates may behelpful. 可知答案应为”A 。【答案】 C【解析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的 “That is why some shopping websites always have red BUY NOWbuttons. 可知应选” C。【答案】 D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的 “Do you want to know the secrets of colors? Just read on. 可知文章是围 ”绕Th

19、e secrets of colors展开白，故D项为最佳标题。You may know about “ junk food ” like French fries. But do you know about“ junk sleep ” ?Recently, a British survey found that electronic products in teenager s bedrooms are having a bad influence ontheir sleep.The survey was done among 1,000 British kids from 12 to 1

20、6. It found that fifty percent of them got just 4 to 7hours sleep every day. But doctors say they need 8 to 9 hours.Almost a quarter of the kids said they fell asleep more than once a week while watching TV , listening to music or using electronic products.“ This is very worrying, ” said Dr Chris Id

21、zikowski, a British professor.“ We call it junk don t get enough sleep and the quality（ 质量 ） of the sleep is bad, too. If you don t get a good rest, you can tperform well in school the next day.The survey found that quite a few of the kids felt tired each day, with girls between 13 and 16 feeling th

22、e worst.Nearly all the teenagers have a phone, an MP5 or a TV in their bedrooms. And lots of them have all the three.I.What does this passage mainly talk about?A.Junk food.B.Junk sleep.C.Electronic products.D.The importance of sleep. of the children in the survey sleep only 4 to 7 hours a day.A.200B

23、.250C.500D.1,000. “Junk food and junk sleep are similar to each other in the way. thatA.they are both low in qualityB.they are both needed in our lifeC.they are both enjoyed on weekendsD.they are both necessary for people s health.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Teenagers n

24、eed 4 to 7 hours of sleep each day.B.Few of the teenagers have electronic products in their bedrooms.C.Teenagers spend too much time on electronic products.D.Girls between 15 and 16 spend the least time on electronic products.Which should be the best choice to solve the problem?A.Parents must take t

25、he electronic products away from their children.B.Parents prevent the teenagers from using any electronic product.C.Teenagers should make a rule to spend less time on the electronic products.D.Teenagers should make a decision not to use the electronic products at school.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。由第一段第二句和整篇文章内容

26、可知，全文是在讲 垃圾睡眠.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由第三段第一、二句可知,1,000的50%是500。.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。垃圾睡眠”像垃圾食品”一样属于低质量的。倒数第二段倒数第二句提到了。.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由第二段和第三段可知。.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。 A 、 B 项太绝对 ,D 项说的是在学校不用,都不符合文意,C 项说的是制定规则,少花时间用电子产品 ,比较合理。What should you do if there s an eartshcqhuoaokl?e Hatow can you protect yourself when you ar

27、e caught in astampede（踩踏）？ March 25 this year provides you with a good chance to learn about safety.This day is called the National Day of Education on the Safety of Elementary and Middle School Students（NDESEMSS）（ 全国中小学生安全教育日 ）. The theme of the day this year is to give students more knowledge abou

28、t safety and make sure their lives are safe.A survey done by the China Youth and Children Research Center showed that school accidents kill more elementary and middle school students than anything else. The main accidents come from stampedes, earthquakes, fires and sports injuries（ 伤害 ）.What can we

29、do to keep ourselves safe？ Staying calm（ 镇静 ） is the first and most important rule when facing accidents. But different accidents have different self-protection advice.A stampede is possible anywhere. The larger a human crowd gets, the more likely stampedes become. When students around you begin to

30、push, stand still and try to hold on to something, or stay in a corner until the crowd leaves. If you fall down in a moving crowd, cover your head with both hands.Earthquakes are common natural disasters（灾难）.When you feel the ground shake, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. You should s

31、tay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don t stay near buildings, trees or power lines.When there s a fire, follow the teachers instructions, leave the classroom quickly and use a piece of cloth tcover your mouth and nose so that you don t breathe in smoke.What s the theme of NDES

32、EMSS this yea？rA.To give students more knowledge about accidents and make them run away.B.To give students more knowledge about health and make sure they eat healthily.C.To give students more knowledge about science and make their study better.D.To give students more knowledge about safety and make

33、sure their lives are safe.What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage？D.Cry loudly.A.Keep calm.B.Stand there.C.Run away.According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?A.Car accidents kill the most elementary and middle school students of all accidents.B.If you

34、 fall down in a moving crowd, you can do nothing but wait there.C.When there s a fire, you should use cloth to cover yromuouth and nose.D.When an earthquake happens, you should stay near buildings and trees.What s the best title for this passage?A.Be afraid of accidentsB.How to protect yourselfC.Run

35、 away from accidentsD.The earthquake is coming【答案】 D【解析】细节理解题。首先要明确theme是主题的意思，然后根据第二段的第二句The theme of the day this yearis to give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives are safe. 可知答案为 D 。【答案】 A【解析】细节理解题。由第四段中的 Staying calm（镇静）is the first and most important rule when facing

36、 accidents. 可知发生危险时我们要保持镇静。故选 A 。【答案】 C【解析】推理判断题。由第三段第一句可知 A 项错误;如果在移动的人群中摔倒了,要用双手护住头 ,所以 B选项中说什么都不做,只是等待是不对的;如果发生地震,应该远离建筑物和树木,而 D 选项说应该靠近建筑物和树木是不对的。所以本题选 C。【答案】 B【解析】主旨大意题。本篇文章讲述了什么是全国中小学生安全教育日,及一旦发生踩踏、地震、火灾时学生应该怎样保护自己，所以B怎样保护你自己”最合适。四A few weeks ago, I participated（ 参加 ）in a camping trip at Pitt

37、Lake. I spent three days and two nights there.It was a new experience for me, so I was both nervous and excited at first. Fortunately, the weather was beautiful, so we got off to a good start. Because there were so many participants including both instructors（ 教 练）and studentswe had one big canoe（独木

38、舟）and one smaller canoe. I chose to be in the smaller canoe with my friend Mitra, but we soon found that this was not a wise choice. In order to keep up with the bigger canoe, we had to paddle（ 划桨 ）hard. My arms quickly became sore and my hands became numb（ 麻木的 ）. To take our minds off the pain, Mit

39、ra and I played“ 20 questions ” while paddling. In this game, one person thinks of an object and the oth person asks 20 questions to try and work out what the object is. We had a good laugh before we finally arrived at the campsite.We started a campfire soon after we arrived. At night, we gathered a

40、round the fire, roasting marshmallows（ 棉 花糖）and listening to horror stories. Some of the other campers put their wet shoes and socks beside the fire to dry. However, because of the wind, one pair of socks almost caught fire. Everyone panicked（ 惊慌）one person got so scared that he fell out of his fold

41、ing chair. Everyone thought it was pretty funny!The time flew quickly. Soon, it was time to go back. We were not willing（愿意）to leave and agreed that wewould hang out together again sometime soon.The smaller canoe was a bad choice because.A.they fell out of it too easilyB.they had to paddle hard to c

42、atch up with the bigger canoeC.they couldn t move freely in the smaller canoeD.it was difficult to control the canoe.Mitra and the writer played20 questions in order toA.exercise their brainsB.keep a clear mindC.forget the painD.make friends with each other.They panicked at the campsite because .A.t

43、he wind almost set someone s socks on fireB.they were scared by a horror storyC.some of the students got lost in the forestD.one student fell out of his chair.How did the writer feel at the end of the trip?A.Nervous to stay there.B.Unwilling to leave.C.Excited to go home.D.Tired of taking the trip.W

44、hich of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.The camping trip is a new experience to the writer.B.They had something to eat when they were around the campfire.C.The writer reached the campsite by canoe.D.The writer went to the campsite with her sister.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的In order to keep

45、 up with the bigger canoe, we had to paddle（划桨）hard.为 TOC o 1-5 h z 了赶上大船，我们不得不努力划桨。故答案为B。.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的To take our minds off the pain, Mitra and I played a20questions whilepaddling.可知是为了忘记划桨的痛苦。所以答案为C。.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的because of the wind, one pair of socks almost caught fire. Everyon

46、epanicked（惊慌）可知因为风差点把袜子吹到火里，所以大家很惊慌。故答案为A。.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段中的We were not willing（愿意）to leave可知大家都不愿意离开 所以选B,unwilling意思是不愿意的”。.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。文章中作者提到了她的朋友，但是没有提到她的妹妹，所以选D。六Huawei is firing back against the US-led campaign（ 运动、 战役 ）to push it out of major markets, insisting it s still on track to

47、 lead the world in the introduction of 5G technology.Despite efforts in markets creating fear for Huawei, using politics to interfere（ 干预）with growth, customers continue to trust us and continue to work with us and build networks with our technologies, Deputy Chairman（ 副董 事长）Ken Hu told reporters in

48、 the Chinese city of Dongguan on Tuesday.Hu was speaking during a turbulent period for the Chinese company, one of the world bigsgest makers of smartphones and telecommunications equipment. Its chief financial officer Ms. Wanzhou Meng is under irrational arrest（不合理白逮捕 ）in Canada, facing possible ext

49、radition（弓 I渡）to the United States, and its products are coming under increasing scrutiny from businesses and governments over security（安全）concerns.Despite decisions this year by Australia and New Zealand to stop wireless operators（无线设备）from usingHuawei to build their 5G networks, Hu expressed confi

50、dence that the company s technology is“ significantly meadvanced thathat of its rivals（对手）,giving it a head start of 12 to 18 months and the ability to attract new customers.Huawei is good at according to the passage.C.designing earphonesA.producing computersB.international negotiationsD.5G technolo

51、gy development.Ms. Wanzhou Meng s case will be possible tramsfid（转移）to .A.ChinaB.the USC.CanadaD.the United Nations.The meaning of the underlined word“ scrutiny in the pass age is ”A.introductionB.salesC.admiringD.examination.From the passage, we can know that Huawei faces big troubles mainly becaus

52、e .A.Huawei is a leader company in the worldB.Huawei commits a crime against other foreign countriesC.some countries are worried Huawei s products are not completely secureD.many countries build networks using Huaweitechnologies.What is the best title for this passage?A.Huawei is still a leader in 5

53、G development although facing troubles.B.Most foreign countries stop using Huawei s 5G technology and equipment.C.Huawei s CFO Ms. Wanzhou Meng is under arrest in Canda.D.The advanced and rapid development of 5G technology is made by Huawei.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由第一段中的insisting it still on track to lead th

54、e world in the introduction of 5Gtechnology可知答案为D。.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由第三段中的Its chief financial officer Ms. Wanzhou Meng is under irrational arrest（ 不合理的逮捕）in Canada, facing possible extradition（引渡）to the United States 可知要被转移到美国，即 the US。.【答案】D【解析】 词义猜测题。根据 its products are coming under increasing scrut

55、iny from businesses and governmentsover security（安全）concerns可知对它的产品增加了检查力度，所以答案为D。.【答案】C【解析】 推理判断题。由第三段中的its products are coming under increasing scrutiny from businesses andgovernments over security（安全）concerns可推知，华为面对的最大问题是安全问题。.【答案】A【解析】 主旨大意题。 由最后段中的Hu expressed confidence that the company s tec

56、hnology is cantgnifimore advancedthan that of its riva囿手工giving it a head start of 12 to 18 months and the ability to attract newcustomers可知，虽然现在华为面对困难，但是华为仍然是5G技术的领导者。七Primary and junior high school students in France will no longer be allowed to use mobile phones in school.On Dec. 10, France s Edu

57、cation Minister（部长）Jean-Michel Blanquer said that mobile phones will be banned（禁止）from schools in France. This rule will go into effect in September 2018, The Guardian reported.Children will be allowed to bring their phones to school, but will not be allowed to use them at any time until they leave

58、school, even during breaks and lunchtime.“These days, the children don t play at break time anymore. They are just all in front of their smart phones andfrom an educational point of view that a soroblem, Blanqusaid. M3re than 8 in 10 teenagers in France had smart phones in 2015, compared to 2 out of

59、 10 in 2011.”While some people have welcomed the ban, a great number of teachers, students and parents are questioning it.Some schools plan to put all the students phones in one pHaemanatgiaethe end of school. Butit s not easy to do this.Val rie Sipahimalani, deputy head of a French teaching union p

60、ointed out that many schools have no space to keep the phones and teachers don t have the right to search students, the BBC noted.As to some parents and students, they believe students should be allowed to use their mobile phones when there is a dangerous situation.French schools will start to ban m