高二英语上(Unit6.Spaceexploration基础知识梳理)

1、教师辅导讲义年 级：高二 课时数： 3 辅导科目：英语课题Unit 6: Space exploration 基础词汇梳理教学目标1 使学生能够基本掌握 unit6 中的基础词汇及其拓展用法；2 帮助学生梳理课文中的一些重点句型，并且会做一些基础的单选题。教学内容Step1: Greetings & Free talk Is there something interesting or important this week?Step2: Warming up.The Laziest Man on the FarmA farmer had ten employees on his farm,

2、and none of them was as energetic as the farmer thought he should be. He hit upon a plan which he believed would cure them of their lazy habits.Men, he said one morning, I have a nice, easy job for the laziest man on the farm. Will the laziest man step forward? Instantly, nine of the men stepped for

3、ward.Why dont you step to the front with the rest? inquired the farmer of the remaining one. Too much trouble, came the reply.Step3: Key words and expressions of this Unit1. Mars 火星In Roman Mythology, Mars was referred to as the God of War.在罗马神话中，火星代表着战神。【拓展】 Martian adj火星的 n火星人Exactly speaking, a M

4、artian day lasts 24. 629 9 hours. 确切地说，一个火星日有 24. 629 9 小时。On October 31, 1938 the radio warned the people that Martians would invade New Jersey. 1938年 10月 31日，电台警告人们说，火星人要侵入新泽西州。2. transform v 转变，使变态，使改变性质，改造，改革Success and wealth transformed his character. 成功和财富使他的性格发生了改变。【搭配】 transform into 改变成；转变

5、成Last year, the city spent several million dollars transforming this area into a commercial. 去年市府花了几百万美元将这一地区改造成商业区。【拓展】 transformation n. 变化In the last five years, he has undergone a personal transformation. 在过去的五年中，他经历了一次个人转型。3 convert vt（常与 into 连用）转变；变换；兑换That building has been converted into a

6、luxurious hotel. 那栋建筑被改造成了一栋豪华宾馆。1 want to convert so me Euros into American dollars. 我想把一些欧元兑换成美元。 【辨析】 transform 与 convert 意义上的区别transform指“人、物在性质上或形态上发生彻底或基本的变化”把一种形式的能变成另一种形式的能convert指“使某物从一种状态或情况转变为其他状态或情况”特指“适用于新的用途或目的而转变”We converted boxes into furniture. 我们把这些盒子做成一些家具。 Only scientists can tr

7、ansform one form of energy into another.只有科学家才能把一种形式的能转换成为另一种形式的能。conduct1) vt. 引导，管理，为人，传导Your children conduct themselves well.= Your children behave themselves well 你的孩子们行为规矩。 【拓展】conduct electricity导电常用动宾搭配conduct an experiment做实验conduct a survey进行调查conduct ones business做生意Everyday a small group

8、 of scientists go into a think tank to conduct experiment.每天，一小组科学家加入智囊团进行实验。Wood cannot conduct electricity, no more can glass. 木头不能导电，玻璃也是如此。2) n 行为；举止；举动；品行 His conduct disagrees with his words. 他的言行不一致。【拓展】 conductorn1) 乐队指挥，售票员 the conductor of an orchestra 乐队指挥 a bus conductor 公交车售票员2) 电 导体Cop

9、per is a good conductor of heat. 铜是很好的导热体。landing n登陆The plane s landing was delayed because of a heavy fo飞g机. 因大雾而推迟降落。【搭配】 emergency landing 紧急降落 hard/tough landing 航空 硬着陆make a safe landing安全着陆When the engine trouble occurred, the pilot saw that the best way was to make an emergency landing, 发动机发

10、生故障时，飞行员意识到紧急降落是上策。【拓展】 land v着陆；登陆； (自船上)卸货take off (飞机)起飞The jet landed after a flight of just under three hours. 在飞行不到 3 小时之后，他们的喷气式飞机着陆了。He landed his troops on the west shore. 他让他的部队在西海岸登陆。The ship landed the goods at Shanghai. 船在上海卸货。The nursery teacher often leads her children to watch aircra

11、fts take off or land. 幼儿园教师经常带领孩子们去看飞机起飞或降落。n陆地by land over land由陆路；走陆路在陆地上We traveled by land until we reached the sea. 我们由陆路旅行，一直到大海。 Do you like to travel over land or sea? 你喜欢在陆上还是在海上旅行？6 reflect v反射A mirror reflects a picture of you when you look in it. 当你看镜子时，你能看见镜子中你的成像。搭配】 reflect on/upon 仔细

12、考虑reflect that/how -. 表达；反映We should give ourselves time to reflect on 比 70n our future. 我们应该给自己时间来考虑一下自己的未来。Does this letter reflect how you really think?这封信是否表达了你真实的想法？ 拓展】 reflection n反射；反省，沉思未经深思：对当前形势的看法do sth. without sufficient reflection reflections on the current situationMary stared at her

13、 reflection in the bedroom mirror. 玛丽盯着卧室镜子里的映像看。7 retain vt.保持，保留retain an appearance of youth 保持年轻的外貌 a vessel to retain water盛水的容器retain ones balance保持平衡Each country retained its traditional and habitual ways of doing things. 每个国家都保持着自己特有的传统习俗和行为习惯。He retains a deep respect for the profession. 他对

14、这份职业怀有深深的敬意。melt （使）融化，（使）熔化，使软化，使感动The snow on top “ the mountains melted （away）under the sun. 山顶上的雪在阳光下融化了。Chocolates of famous brands melt in the mouth. 品牌巧克力人口即化。The crowd melted away after the rally. 集会结束之后，人群逐渐散去。Our hearts melted at the childs tears. 孩子的眼泪使我们的心变软了。【辨析】melt通过加热把物质由固态变成液态dissol

15、ve溶解，指使（固态物）在液体中溶解G1ass melt at high temperature 玻璃会在高温下熔解。The experiment required us to dissolve sugar in water. 实验要求我们将糖放入水中溶解。breathable adj 可以吸入的After the accident at the chemical factory, the air inside the building was no longer breathable, so the rescued workers had to wear masks. 化工厂出事后，楼里的空

16、气不能呼吸，因此救护人员只好戴上口罩。We need breathable air.我们需要适于呼吸的空气。 【辨析】breathe v.呼吸，赋予以（生气等）breath n. 呼吸breathe in 吸气out of breath上气不接下气breathe out呼气holdcatch one s brea屏th住 呼吸breathe into 给予生气stoppause for breath 停下来喘口气gasp for breath上气不接下气The doctor told him to breathe in deeply and then breathe out.医生叫他先深深吸一

17、口气，然后再把气吐出来。Will the new general manager be able to breathe new life into the company? 这位新任总经理能不能给公司增添新的活力？After climbing that hill she was completely out of breath. 爬完那座山后，她已完全喘不过气来了。 I came out of the water and gasped for breath. 我钻出水面，急切地喘了口气。manned adj载人的【搭配】 manned space flight载人航天飞行manned spac

18、eship载人宇宙飞船manned space programme 载人航天计划I was so excited that we could launch our manned spaceship into space at last. 我太兴奋了，我们终于能自己发射载人宇宙飞船进入太空了。tie1) 系，打结，扎，约束Tie your shoes.把你的鞋带系上。【搭配】tie up包起来；系tie to sth用绳子把be closely tied密切联系Can you tie up this parcel for me? 你能替我捆好这个包裹吗？He tied the cow to on

19、e of the trees near the lake. 他把牛系在靠近湖边的一棵树上。My social life and business life are closely tied.找的社会生活与我所从事的生意是密切联系的。2) n. 领结，领带；平局Jack had taken off his Jacket and loosened his tie. 杰克脱下了夹克衫并解开了领带。The game ended in a tie. 比赛以平局结束。12 boom1) vi. 迅速增长；趋于繁荣；景气 Business is booming 生意日趋繁荣。 In a city with

20、booming industry, land is precious and cannot be extravagantly used for traffic. 在一个工业飞速发展的城市里，土地资源非常宝贵，不能任意地用于交通。2) n繁荣，隆隆声This boom in adult education, in turn, helps to raise the intellectual standard of the whole country. 成人教育热反过来又促进了整个国家文化水平的提高。An economic boom followed, especially in housing a

21、nd construction. 房地产建设随即会带来经济的繁荣。13 explosion n. 爆炸，爆发；发作，激增After the second explosion, all of Londons main train and subway stations were shut down. 在第二次爆炸之后，伦敦所有的火车站和地铁站都被关闭了。【搭配】 an explosion of anger/rage explosions of laughter a population explosion【拓展】 explode v爆炸；爆发A bomb exploded 一颗炸弹爆炸了。A s

22、chool bus was hit by gunfire which exploded the fuel tank. 一辆小车被枪击中，引起了油箱的爆炸。 【搭配】 explode with anger rage 勃然大怒At the news he exploded with anger.听了这个消息，他勃然大怒。14. lunar adj 月亮的，月球的 【辨析】moon n.sunn.lunar adj.solaradj.lunar eclipse月蚀solarsystem太阳系lunar calendar阴历solarenergy太阳能solarcalendar阳历Many peopl

23、e are interested in the lunar landscape. 许多人对月球上的风景感兴趣。An increasing number of people would like to use solar energy to substitute for the traditional energy, for it is green. 越来越多的人愿意用太阳能取代传统能源，因为它十分环保。15 mission n使命，任务，代表团He was sent to Washington on a diplomatic mission.他被派往华盛顿，负有外交使命。The first s

24、pace mission to send back pictures from the surface of Mars was Viking l in 1976. 第一次从火星表面发回照片的太空飞行任务是1976 年由“海盗 1号”执行。【搭配】 a trade mission to Japan 赴日贸易代表团missionary n传教士Expressionsdream of 梦见；渴望【搭配】 dream thatdream away one s life dream a dream go to one s dream awake from a dream live in a dreamD

25、ream comes trueLittle did I dream of succeeding so梦想 虚度（光阴） 做梦进入梦乡 从梦中醒来 梦一般地过一辈子 梦想成真 ell. 我做梦也想不到如此圆满的成功。I never dreamed that I could travel in space. 我从未想到能去太空旅行。Its easy to dream away the best years of your life. 人生的美好年华很容易虚度。 His dream of being a doctor has come true 他成为医生的梦想终于成真了。 拓展】 come tru

26、e 实现Many of his predictions are coming true. 他的许多预言都变成了现实。 辨析】come true系表结构；主语通常为 dream, wish 或 predictionrealize动词；主语通常为“人”The couple realized their dream of owning a house of their own after ten years of hard work. =The couples dream of owning their own house came true after ten years of hard work

27、.经过十年的艰辛劳动，这对夫妇终于实现了拥有一栋属于自己房子的梦想。name after 以命名 The son was named after his grandfather. 儿子是以他祖父的名字命名。n名字，名称；名声；名誉【搭配】 worth （worthy of） the name无愧于称号under the name （of）用 用名字 （ 指化名，笔名，假名等 ）make get win a name （for oneself）出名，成名in the name of以 的名义be of the name of名叫He is worthy of the name as “model

28、 teacher” . 他无愧于模范教师的称号。She wrote a letter to the editorial under the name of “ Lilac ”. 她以紫丁香为笔名写了一封信给主编。 He made a name for himself as a concert pianist. 他是以钢琴演奏家而闻名的。He attended the party in the name of his father. 他以他父亲的名义参加了这个派对。Have you talked with the girl by the name of “ Elizabeth ？ 你有没有和那个

29、叫伊丽莎白的女孩交谈过？Step4: Consolidation exercise.Section A ： Fill in the blanks with suitable words or phrasesLast year, the city spent several million dollars （改造 ） this area into a commercial.Little did I of succeeding so well.That building has been c into a luxurious hotel.The satellite was launched int

30、o the round the Mars.We should give ourselves time to 仔细考虑 ） our future.O i s essential to most of the living creatures.Our hearts m at the childs tears.He 1his troops on the west shore.The daughter （ 命名） her grandmother.China launched the first m spaceship on Octoberl5, 2003.She r an appearance of

31、youth because of her healthy lifestyle.Farmers s pesticides to kill harmful insects on the apple trees.P bears can not survive naturally in the tropical areas.I dont think ones social life and business life should be closely t .On the lake we saw a mass of water v rising from the surface.Because the

32、 climate changed, lots of people were forced to （ 迁移 ） to the north.The plane finally 1 after a flight of more than 12 hours.They are going to c a survey on everyday diets of the local people.In a city with b industry, land is precious and cannot be extravagantly used for traffic.In spring, you can

33、clearly see the snow on top of the mountains （熔化 ） under the sun.Keys: 1. transforming2.dream3.converted4. orbit5.reflect on/upon6. Oxygen7.melted8.landed9. was named after10.manned11. retained12.spray13.Polar14. tied15.vapour16. migrate17.landed18. conduct19. booming20. meltsSection B ： Fill in the

34、 blanks with suitable words or phrases from the list given below. Change the form where necessary.convert intoreflectmeltmissionrelease intocome truelandexplosionmoonsun retainsignbreathIn order to be more environmentally friendly, human beings ought to use energy as much as possibleinstead of using

35、 petrol and coal.Iron when it is made very hot.On the first day of the Spring Festival, my son three firecrackers, which really made him excited.The government has made it a law that any poisonous gases shouldnt the air without proper treatmentof chemical substances.Sponsored by a wealthy alumnus, t

36、he deserted workshopa school.Although they are very thirsty, they cant find a vessel to w ater.After careful investigation, the police declared there was no of life about the house.She believed that her in life was helping the old and the sick.The doctor told him to in and out deeply to study his sy

37、mptoms, which can help the doctor make hisdiagnosis. is valuable. Not an inch of it is allowed to lie waste.Concern about the economic situation in the governments budget.To our surprise, many of his predictions are .Keys: 1. solar2. will melt3. exploded4. be released into5. has been converted into6

38、. retain7. signs8. mission9. breathe10. Land11. was reflected12. coming trueStep5: 能力训练AA story from the Bible tells of old Babylon, where the men decided to build a tower that would touch the sky. But God was unhappy, and he made them speak different languages. They couldnt understand each other, s

39、o their dream never came true.Yet the dream remains alive: if all men speak the same language, they can do anything. L. L. Zamenhof from Poland was among the men who pursue this dream. He developedE speranto between 1877 and 1885.As the most successful man-made world language, it is spoken by over t

40、wo million people around the world.Most Esperanto speakers are in Central and Eastern Europe and in East Asia, particularly Chinese mainland. Esperanto has two advantages. First, its easy. Each letter has exactly one sound and there are just 16 basic grammar rules. The second advantage is that it be

41、longs to no country.But Esperanto has only reached a small number of people compared with natural languages widely used around the world such as English or Chinese. While these languages are deeply connected with their nations and cultures, Esperanto doesnt have this background.Will Esperanto really

42、 become a global language? It remains a question.The writer tells us a story at the beginning to .explain why men have been making the effort to create a language shared by allexplain why men now speak different languagesC . show the relationship between man and GodD. prove language is very importan

43、tWhat does the word pursue in the second paragraph mean?realizeB . work forC . be against D. come trueWhat is the basic difference between Esperanto and English?More people speak English than Esperanto.Esperanto words are easier to spell.Esperanto has fewer grammar rules.Esperanto is not supported b

44、y any country or culture.What does the story mainly talk about?The advantages of Esperanto.Mens dream of sharing the same language.C . Comparison of Esperanto and other languages.D. The most successful man-made world language Esperanto.Keys: ABDDI asked Jackie a lot of questions. I asked if she beca

45、me close to her patients. She said, Some I do, especially if 1have become their close friends and they tell me things they wouldnt tell anyone else. Ive found it harder for the patients family to accept whats happening. In most cases, the dying person has accepted the truth.I asked her how she could

46、 do this work for so long. She said, I have taken care of 3,000 people over 37 years. I consider dying to be a very important part of life. I feel good because I can make these peoples journey easier.Jackie was the mother I have never had. My own mother, Helen, was taken away from me right after I w

47、as born. I never knew her. And I had a strange relationship with my father. He was a Sunday father. Since my sister and I lived in foster homes, he came to visit only on Sundays.toBut at the hospital , nurse Jackie gave me hope, love and encouragement. She listened to all my stories, and I listene h

48、ers. It was a comfort. The nurses had told my family that death was coming near. As time went on, I became the star patient at the hospice, because I didnt go according to plans. My kidneys started working again and could function without dialysis It was a mystery to my doctors. My friends said it w

49、as a miracle. But I knew what actually cured me.The employees showed me off to other patients and being the ham I was, I enjoyed.According to the second paragraph, the reason why Jackie feels happy is that .she can have a trip with the patient.she knows dying is very importantshe can reduce patients

50、 pain during their last daysshe can arrange a journey for the patients before they dieThey author mentioned his parents in the third paragraph in order to tell us .A. he wants parents to love their own childrenJackie cares for him more than his parents dohe loves Jackie more than he loves his parent

51、she had a very unhappy childhoodThe underlined word miracle in the fourth paragraph means something that is .A. very excitingB. hard to believeC . very riskyD. very importantWe can learn from the passage that .A. Jackie worked in the hospice as a volunteer.B. the authors mother left him when he was

52、twothe author was the youngest child in his familythe author didnt like being the hospice poster boyAccording to the author, actually cured him.A. Jackies love and encouragementB. other patients moving storiesthe help of a well -known doctorD. his strong desire to liveKeys: CBBCAStep6: To have a sum

53、mary1、 What have you got from this period?2、 What would you like to learn next period?Step 7: Homework1 记忆重要词汇2 完成课后作业Section A: ClozeOnce, when I was a teenager, my father and I were standing in line to buy tickets for the circus.1 , therewas only one family between us and the ticket counter.This f

54、amily made a big impression on me. There were eight children, all probably under the age of 12. Their clothes were not 2 , but they were clean. The children were 3 , all of them standing in line, two -by-two behind their parents, 4 hands. They were excitedly jabbering （ 喋喋不休地说 ） about the clowns, el

55、ephants, and other acts they would see that night.One could 5 they had never been to the circus before. It 6 to be a highlight of their young lives.The ticket lady asked the father how many tickets he wanted. He 7 responded, Please let me buy eight childrens tickets and two adult tickets so I can ta

56、ke my family to the circus. The ticket lady quoted （ 报价 ） the price. The mothers head 8 , and her lip began to quiver （颤抖）. The father leaned a little 9 and asked, How much did you say?The ticket lady again quoted the price. The man didnt have enough money.Seeing what was going on, my dad put his hand in his pocket, 10 a $20 bill and dropped it on the ground. （We were not wealthy in any sense of the word!） Then he reached down, 11 the bill, tapped the man on the shoulder and said, Excuse me, sir, this fell out of your pocket.The man