国际商事代理法(3)..课件

1、Chapter ThreeLaw of Agency国际商事代理法Contents3.1 Agency and Agency Law3.2 Types of Agency 3.3 Creation of Agency3.4 Duties in agency3.5 Termination of Agency3.3 Duties in Agency 3.3.1 Duties of agent to principal3.3.2 Duties of principal to agent2022/7/2143.3.1 Duties of agent to principal Question: Wha

2、t are the duties of agent to the principal? 1.duty of loyalty 2.duty to act with skill 3.duty to obey instructions 4.duty to account 5.duty to notify 1.代理人对被代理人应忠诚 2.代理人应勤勉谨慎履行代理职责 3.代理人应遵从委托人意愿或利益 4.代理人在代理关系结束时，应及时申报及结清账目 5.代理人应及时报告代理事务情况1.忠实义务 duty of loyalty The fiduciary duty is a most basic eth

3、ical(道德的) matter applicable to nearly all persons in business and government.(1)Duty to avoid conflict of interest(2)Duty to avoid self-dealing(假公济私)(3)Duty to protect confidential information(1) 避免自己的利益与委托人的利益相冲突，除非本人特别许可 Sometimes a full-time agent for one party may be paid a secret kickback by th

4、e other party. The law presumes(推定) these payments exert some influence on the agents judgment and thereby harm the principal.(2)为委托人谋求最大的利益，不能谋私利 Self-dealing is another type of unethical conflict of interest in which the agents own personal financial interest directly conflict with the principals

5、financial interest.(3)保守机密信息 The principal has a property right in information produced by all its employees and agents. Any intellectual property produced by agent during employment may be used by either party after the agency is terminated unless otherwise provided by contract.2.注意义务 duty of care代

6、理人应勤勉谨慎地履行代理职责。 Agent must use reasonable skill and care in conducting the principals business. It is probably unethical for an agent to claim skills he or she does not really possess (false bravado虚张声势).案例分析 某货代接受某进出口公司委托出运一票货物至哥伦比亚：100桶扑热息痛，40桶葡萄糖酸钙。货到目的港后，哥伦比亚海关发现实际货物是140桶扑热息痛。海关当即对40桶扑热息痛以走私品扣留，

7、并以走私行为对哥伦比亚收货人作出没收40桶扑热息痛和罚款1900美元的决定。查明原因：货代打单错误。货代有明显过失，应承担过失责任。3.服从义务 duty to obey instruction代理人应当按照委托人的指示处理委托事务。 Agents must generally obey any reasonable instructions the principal gives that will impact the principals business, but not illegal, immoral or unreasonable.案例 原告将其在巴西购买的 55426吨高压聚乙

8、烯运抵上海港，并委托被告接货后将货物存放于保税仓库。原告通知被告，称如其客户香港商行前去提货，须付清货款或由原告再次书面确认后才能放货。同年6月6日 ，香港商行到被告处要求提货，被告在商行出具了保证向原告付清货款的保函及进口合同副本后，允许其将货提走。提货后，香港商行未向原告付款。4.及时申报及结清账目Duty to account In all cases, the agent must maintain “an open book” for the principal so that the principal may assess the progress of the work. Co

9、mmingling(资金公私不分) of funds is a violation of the agents duty of fidelity(忠诚).5.报告义务 Duty to notify 代理人应当报告委托事务的处理情况 The agent must notify the principal of all information that is or may be useful to the principal in evaluating the matter at hand. In this way, the principal can make further choice wi

10、th respect to his/her business and continue to give the agent proper guidance.案例南华货代接受绍兴海外委托，为其办理四票货物由上海至埃及塞得港的出口货运代理事宜。南华货代接受绍兴海外委托后，就涉案货物分别于2000年7月6日、7月13日和7月20日签发了四份海运提单，提单记载的托运人均为绍兴海外。货物出运后，因绍兴海外未向南华货代明示索取，提单一直滞留在南华货代处。 1.忠实义务：为委托人谋求最大的利益，不能谋私利。 2.注意义务：应当尽到合理注意完成受托事务。 3.服从义务：代理人应当按照委托人的指示处理委托事务

11、4.及时申报及结清账目义务 5.报告义务：应当报告委托事务处理情况。代理人所承担的义务3.3.2 Duties of Principal to Agent The primary duty is to compensate the agent for services according to terms of agency agreement, or if no agreement, at the reasonable value of services performed. And principal must inform agent of dangerous risks that pr

12、incipal has reason to know exist.1.支付佣金或报酬2.补偿代理人因履行代理职责而垫付的费用（如运费、港口费、仓储费等）3.允许代理人核查其账册讨论案例1 被告绍兴县印染公司委托原告上海货运公司办理货物的货运手续，分别要求订2002年10月19日“DSR”的船，运费预付。2002年10月21，原告委托某集装箱公司从被告处将货物装箱并拖运至上海港区，产生费用4800元。被告业务员在装箱单上签字确认。原告又委托某公司代为报关，产生费用295元。 货物出运后，被告收到了原告递交的两份已装船提单，证明货物已于2002年10月26日装船，航次名为“HANJI”运费预付。结

13、果货物于11月11日因火灾而灭失。事后，原告向被告索要垫付费用，被告拒绝支付，辩称：原告擅自变更船期和垫付运费，无权主张代理费用。讨论案例：代理人是否存在过失？ 原告：上海外运公司 被告：深圳江南公司 1990年2月，深圳海湾公司与香港东如公司洽谈出口服装合同，海湾公司为履行购销合同，委托被告江南公司代理出口。同年3月，江南公司与香港东如行有限公司签订售货合同：江南公司为卖方，价格条件均为FOB上海，货物由上海经香港到美国巴尔的摩。货运代理的安排 江南公司在空白的货运委托书上的“委托方”处盖上本公司公章后交给海湾公司转交原告上海外运公司，委托其代为报关、订舱出运任务。 上海外运接受货运委托后，

14、代为报关、订舱，于同年5月安排“NEWHAI”轮第9020航次将货物出运至美国巴尔的摩港。货运代理的安排江南公司在货运委托书上未注明运费支付方式，上海外运在海运提单上亦未注明。承运人根据航运惯例，凡未在提单上注明运费支付方式的视为运费预付，向上海外运收取了运费25568美元。争议 上海外运于同年8月4日开具收费帐单向海湾公司托收，遭拒付；又于1992年6月和7月向江南公司托收，亦被拒绝。被告江南公司辩称：上海外运在委托书上漏填价格条款FOB上海，造成运费无着，对此上海外运有过错，应承担责任。同时请求将香港东如行有限公司列为被告或第三人参加诉讼，以便向其追回运费。参考结论货运委托书的填写是委托方

15、的权限和职责而非受托方的义务。江南公司向上海外运提交了盖有本公司公章的空白货运委托书，为概括授权。在委托书上漏填价格条款FOB上海与承运人如何收取运费无关。买卖合同与运输合同是两个法律关系。买卖合同的价格条款仅约束买卖双方，不能约束托运人与承运人，承运人有权按照运输合同的约定，或无此约定按照航运惯例收取运费。结论上海外运在履行委托事项时按照航运惯例预付运费不存在过错，因而有权向委托人收取其在代理行为中为委托人的利益所垫付的费用。3.5 Termination of Agency(P98) If agency was created for a specified time or for a s

16、pecified purpose, it terminates upon passage of that time or accomplishment of the purpose. If no time is specified, agency is terminated by passage of a reasonable time.2022/7/21303.5 Termination of Agency Question: How to terminate the agency relationship under Common Law?Accomplishment of contrac

17、t purposeLapse of timeMutual agreementUnilateral termination: revocation or renunciationTermination by operations of lawMutual agreement As a consensual or contractual relationship, an agency gives the agencies the power to rescind the consent or contract. A mutual agreement by both relieves them bo

18、th of future performance obligations. Unilateral termination: revocation or renunciation Except where an agency is irrevocable or coupled with an interest, either party can unilaterally terminate the agency. However, the right to terminate may be limited by contractual terms. Question: Which situation can be called “revocation”? And which ca