井周应力与井壁失稳-PPT课件

1、内容提要井眼周围应力状态泥页岩水化坍塌问题层理性地层井壁稳定性问题流变性地层井壁稳定性问题Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.1一、井眼周围地层应力状态意义？井壁稳定性分析及安全泥浆密度窗口的确定基础出砂预测研究的基础Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2

2、019 Aspose Pty Ltd.2假设条件：地层均质各向同性线形弹性，小变形轴向平面应力或平面应变一、井眼周围地层应力状态三维问题转化为二维问题Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.3直井井眼周围地层应力状态h二维平面应变模型rEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright

3、 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.4直井井眼周围地层应力状态依据线弹性、小变形应力叠加原理对井眼受力进行分解请回忆弹性基础中厚壁筒及小孔应力集中Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.5由钻井液柱压力P引起的应力 直井井眼周围地层应力状态无剪应力，只与井眼半径R和地层的矢径r有关Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 C

4、lient Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.6直井井眼周围地层应力状态由水平最大地应力 所引起的井周应力分布Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.7直井井眼周围地层应力状态由水平最小地应力 所引起的井周应力分布Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Pr

5、ofile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.8直井井眼周围地层应力状态钻井液渗流效应Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.9直井井眼周围地层应力状态Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspos

6、e Pty Ltd.10直井井眼周围地层应力状态井壁应力状态：Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.11直井井眼周围地层应力状态直井井眼周围应力分布的特点是什么？Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.12Evaluati

7、on only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.13Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.14Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0

8、.0.Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.15Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.16利用水力压裂试验数据计算地应力：Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.17坍塌压力、破裂压力Eva

9、luation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.18定向井井周地层应力状态Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.19东营组地层斜井井壁稳定性分析 最大水平地应力方位：井壁坍塌风险最高坍塌压力随井斜方位的变化Evaluation only

10、.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.20东营组地层斜井井壁稳定性分析最大水平地应力方位：井壁破裂风险最高破裂压力随井斜方位的变化Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.21安全泥浆密度窗口Evaluation only.Created with As

11、pose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.22变质岩地层裸眼完井井壁稳定性分析 244.5mm套管以下太古界地层存在低强度砂岩地层，即使是钻井过程中也需较高的泥浆密度来维持井壁稳定，预实现裸眼完井开采，应调整套管下入深度Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.23井壁失稳机理研究的基本力

12、学方法：以孔隙弹塑性力学为基础的均质地层井壁稳定性分析理论和计算方法基本成熟地应力本构模型给定的泥浆密度井周应力应变破坏准则提高泥浆密度结束稳定失稳Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.24泥页岩水化坍塌问题Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 As

13、pose Pty Ltd.25不同泥浆体系下泥岩吸水特性不同泥浆体系下泥岩膨胀特性Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.26含水量对泊松比的影响含水量对内摩擦角的影响含水量对粘聚力的影响含水量对弹性模量的影响Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 As

14、pose Pty Ltd.27改进的聚璜泥浆硅酸盐泥浆Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.28具有显著“结构性（层理、裂缝）”的泥页岩地层井壁失稳问题难以像均质地层一样通过提高钻井液密度有效解决，是目前研究的难点（Crook，2019）Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyrig

15、ht 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.29霍003井安集海河组泥页岩地层坍塌掉块层理Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.30涠西南油田群，在层理发育的涠二段、流二段泥页岩地层中钻进定向井时，井壁坍塌卡钻等井下复杂时有发生涠二段泥页岩地层（泡水前）涠二段泥页岩地层（泡水后）Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cli

16、ent Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.31涠二段泥页岩涠二段地层坍塌掉块Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.32层理性地层井壁稳定性问题Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 A

17、spose Pty Ltd.33层理性泥页岩力学特点之一：各向异性试验表明，层理性泥页岩力学性质及强度具有显著各向异性，若轴线与层理面的夹角在2030之间，岩心强度与垂直层理面强度相比降低了40%，平行层理面的抗拉强度低于垂直层理面的抗拉强度（Chenevert，1965） 依据统计，只有10的地层为各向同性，30地层弹性模量各向异性比大于1.5。因此井壁稳定性分析中考虑地层各向异性的影响更接近实际情况的（Ong，1994）Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyrig

18、ht 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.34层理性泥页力学特点之二：渗透性钻井液及其滤液沿层理面的渗流使泥页岩地层强度逐步降低是引起井下复杂的主要原因之一（Mclellan，2019）Borehole Stability in Fissile Shale in Northeastern British Columbia Mountain RangeEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.35层

19、理性泥页岩力学特点之三：层理面非线性数值模拟研究表明：沿层理面的非线性剪切位移是造成井壁失稳的主要原因之一，层理性地层井眼轨迹的优化与均质地层井眼轨迹的优化方案不同，必须考虑层理面因素的影响（K. Yamamoto，2019） Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.36层理性泥页岩地层强度特性地层力学性质具有明显的各向异性，轴向与层理面法线夹角在4575度之间时强度最低，约为垂直层理面强度的1/51/6。层

20、理面的粘聚力、内摩擦角远低于岩石基体的粘聚力、内摩擦角，高倾角下的破坏多为沿层理面的剪切破坏。取心方式Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.37层理性泥页岩地层渗透特性试验设备平行层理面和垂直层理面测试层理面可能为高渗面Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2

21、019 Aspose Pty Ltd.38问题的难点考虑因素传统模型层理性泥页岩问题地层本构模型各向同性体各向异性体渗流方式Darcy渗流各向异性渗流渗流对强度的影响无有泥页岩吸水影响强度无沿层吸水层理、裂缝面无有复杂的力学、化学、水动力学耦合问题没有解析解，必须数值求解Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.39计算模型：考虑地层各向异性、渗流等因素的综合影响计算结果之一：井眼周围位移场分布规律Evalua

22、tion only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.40层理性地层井壁破坏点分析 定义层理面破坏比最大水平地应力南北方向，破坏点最大值不在最小地应力方位，在应用井壁崩落椭圆法确定水平地应力方位时应当引起注意破坏比大于1，失稳Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose

23、Pty Ltd.41地层走向对层理性泥页岩坍塌压力的影响与地层倾角相比较，走向对坍塌压力的影响较小Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.42定向井井眼轨迹对坍塌压力的影响钻进定向井最有利的井斜方位范围以霍尔果斯构造安集海河组高陡层理性泥页岩地层为例，地层南倾，地层倾角500，水平最大地应力近南北走向以近垂直层理面的方位井斜钻定向井，使坍塌压力大幅降低，有利于井壁稳定Evaluation only.Creat

24、ed with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.43定向井井眼轨迹对坍塌压力的影响井斜过大，坍塌压力迅速增高近似水平层理以涠12-1北油田涠二段层理性泥页岩地层为例水平最大地应力方位N50E方位角井斜角Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.44高陡层理性地层井眼缩径规律研

25、究 随井眼钻开时间的增长，井壁最大缩径量经历缓慢、快速平缓增长三个阶段起钻时钻头对缩径的地层产生向上的拉力，地层坍塌Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.45高陡层理性地层井眼缩径规律研究提高泥浆密度只在短期内有利于控制井眼缩径井壁渗流速度越大井眼稳定周期越短Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.

26、0.0.Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.46计算结果之二：井眼变形前后的对比计算结果之三：井眼最大位移量随井眼钻开时间的变化规律Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.47BP公司2019年，BP 美国公司在墨西哥湾遇到钻井中井壁稳定问题。井眼与地层层理面夹角不同（井斜角不同），井壁垮塌程度、垮塌岩石大小、形状不同。Evaluation only.Created with

27、 Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.48Dusseault 研究破碎性地层井壁稳定性时发现井壁是否稳定与井眼尺寸有关，井眼尺寸越大井壁越不稳定。在研究层理发育的各向异性地层井壁稳定性时发现井壁稳定性与井眼轴线和地层层理面的夹角有关，认为应尽可能以垂直于层理面的方式进入地层，才能保持井壁稳定性。裂缝发育的破碎性地层层理发育的各向异性地层各向异性地层加拿大科学家的研究结果Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for

28、.NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.49破碎性地层的稳定性的研究方法破碎性地层的力学特性由于结构面的存在，破碎性地层的力学性质主要受结构面力学性质的影响与完整地层相比，结构面是高渗面，必须考虑渗流影响破碎性地层稳定性问题，没有解析解，必须进行数值求解有限元方法：节理面有限元模型（有限结构面）、当量连续体模型（多组结构面或随机结构面）离散元方法：块体平衡理论，目前只能进行二维分析Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Clien

29、t Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.50破碎性地层的失稳形式 结构面的破坏有两类：一是沿着结构面的剪切破坏，二是垂直于节理面的拉张破坏；支撑不够的时候发生沿着结构面的剪切破坏，大块坍塌，封堵不好，无法有效遏制渗流，导致垂直于结构面的拉张破坏，也是大块坍塌。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.51破碎性地层井壁失稳规律的数值模拟井眼未钻开前的地层岩体模型井眼组开时井周岩体应力状态Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.52破碎性地层井壁失稳规律的数值模拟井眼钻开25小时后井周岩体孔隙压力分布规律井眼钻开56小时后，井周岩体产生第一块