英汉汉英视译教程上篇英译汉第四单元-存在句视译课件

1、第4单元 存在句视译英汉汉英视译教程上篇 英译汉第4单元 存在句视译 从语义角度讲，表示什么地方存在什么人或什么事物的句式叫存在句。英语存在句式的典型代表便是there+be 句型，其他存在句式还有there exist、there arise、there appear、there grow、there remain、there run 等。英语里往往把描述主体当作句子主语，其他有关内容再围绕这个主体予以组织，常常与中文思维形成结构上的差异。如“There meanders a gurgling brook along the twisting valley between the two h

2、igh mountains”，根据表达需要， 此句也可以写成“Along the twisting valley between the two high mountains there meanders a gurgling brook.”翻译此类句子时注意力首先要放在主语上，其他酌情处理，视译便感觉容易些。其中文对应句式是“在两座高山之间蜿蜒曲折的峡谷里有一条溪流汩汩流过”。再如“There runs a narrow winding path in the depth of the thick forest.”或“In the depth of the thick forest ther

3、e runs a narrow winding第4单元 存在句视译path”，此句可译为“在密林深处有一条弯弯曲曲的山间小道”。通过单句练习，在熟悉英汉存在句基本对应结构的基础上，继续尝试较长且结构多样的存在句会比较顺利地获得预期的训练效果。 值得注意的是，多数学生已经十分熟悉存在句的笔译翻译模式，而课上或课下的练习属于不完全临场翻译语境，学生容易忽略视译的时效性，而自觉或不自觉地“重蹈笔译的覆辙”，从而使视译训练效果大打折扣。按照笔译的标准以下存在句的视译译文似乎显得有些蹩脚，但它们却恰恰更符合视译的客观规律和临场应急需要。 第4单元 存在句视译 （要点梳理）英语典型存在句式： there+

4、be ，there exist、there arise、there appear、there grow、there remain、there run 等英语存在句把描述主体当作句子主语，其他有关内容围绕这个主体组织与中文思维形成结构上的差异翻译时注意力首先放在主语上，其他酌情处理注意视译的时效性第4单元 存在句视译 （例句）1. There is no learning foreign language without diligence. 【笔译】【视译】不勤奋就不可能学好外语。 学习外语需要勤奋。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例句）译评这是英语典型的双否定句式，笔译方式多见，却不总适合口译的快

5、速要求。有时需要改变英语思维方式，尤其是当句子较长时，译员会有首尾难顾，无力在瞬时颠倒的感觉。这时视译处理方式便显得简单易行，可把“There is no without”与“需要”对应起来。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例句）2. At a later stage there arose new problems which seemed insoluble. 【笔译】 【视译】后期出现了一些似乎无法解决的新问题。 后期出现的一些新问题似乎没有答案。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例句）译评视译版本的产生原因是译者把注意力放在了later stage、problems、insoluble 三个实意焦点

6、之上，便淡化了英文的逻辑路径。这句话当然可以翻译成“后期出现了一些新问题，这些新问题似乎没有答案”，但这样显得重复、啰唆。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例句）3. There being an index to this dictionary is a great advantage. 【笔译】 【视译】这本词典列有索引非常方便。 这本词典列有索引，使用起来非常方便。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例句）译评原文是一个完整句，但是句子含有两层意思，一是对词典的说明，二是对这一词典状况的说明，汉语译成两个层次为宜，这一点需要引起学生的高度警惕。习惯使然，许多学生经常苦于试图用一个结构来表达原文的两层意思，

7、 深陷其中而难以自拔。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例句）4. The treaty was imposed by force, and there in lay the cause of its ineffectiveness. 【笔译】【视译】该条约是通过武力强加于人的，它之所以执行不力的原因就在于此。 该条约是在武力胁迫下签署的，因此便没有效力。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例句）译评此句可视为there+be 句式的衍生句式。笔译句子过于拘泥于原文的逻辑模式，带有英语思维色彩，因此虽然译文基本可以表达清楚，但显得赘述、晦涩。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例句）5. There are millio

8、ns of blacks untrained for the simplest of jobs, and thousands every day denied their full and equal rights under the law. 【笔译】 【视译】还有数百万的黑人没有接受过最简单的工作培训，每天还有几千人不能充分享受到法律规定的平等权利。 数百万黑人甚至没有接受过最低级工作的培训，每天都有成千上万的黑人被彻底剥夺了法律所赋予他们的平等权利。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例句）译评笔译句式显然拘泥于英语原有的存在句思维方式。从语义角度来看，有的英语存在句的时空色彩是被淡化了的，如本例

9、句，翻译成中文时应完全忽略其时空特性，而直接聚焦于其表述主体，这样的译文一定会更具表达力度。此句增加了“甚至”是考虑到后面的最高级在中文里的表达习惯，“最低级” 和“成千上万”则更是兼顾了中文表达习惯，原文形容词full 变成中文副词“彻底”体现出译者在两种语言之间具有转换自如、游刃有余的翻译功力。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例段）1. There is only one government since 1945 that can say all of the following: more jobs, fewer unemployed, better health and education

10、 results, lower crime, and economic growth in every quarter. Only one government: this one. 第4单元 存在句视译 （例段） 1. There is only one government since 1945 that can say all of the following: more jobs, fewer unemployed, better health and education results, lower crime, and economic growth in every quarte

11、r. Only one government: this one. 只有一届政府，自1945 年以来，有资格说它在以下若干方面的工作都已卓有成效：即创造了更多就业机会、减少了失业人口、改善了医疗和教育、降低了犯罪率、实现了季度性经济增长。这些成就只属于一届政府，即本届政府。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例段） 【笔译】【视译】自1945 年以来，只有一个政府能说做到了以下几点：更多的工作岗位、更少的失业人员、更加完善的医疗和教育体系、较低的犯罪率以及每季度的经济增长。只有一个政府做到了这些，就是本届政府。只有一届政府，自1945 年以来，有资格说它在以下若干方面的工作都已卓有成效：即创造了更多就业

12、机会、减少了失业人口、改善了医疗和教育、降低了犯罪率、实现了季度性经济增长。这些成就只属于一届政府，即本届政府。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例段）译评首先，视译译文更口语化，更贴近原文结构排列顺序，从而降低视译难度； 其次，在此语境下英文名词词组更适合翻译成符合中文习惯的动宾词组，且强化了译文的表现力。最后一句把原文隐含的部分内容显现出来，并放在句首，保持与前句内容的有效衔接，更加顺应中文表述习惯。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例段）2. She had the audacity to keep on hoping and to keep on praying when there was no v

13、isible sign on the horizontal level that what she was praying for, hoping for, waiting for would ever be answered in the affirmative. What she wanted most out of life had been denied to her. Yet in spite of it, she kept on hoping. 第4单元 存在句视译 （例段）2. She had the audacity to keep on hoping and to keep

14、on praying when there was no visible sign on the horizontal level that what she was praying for, hoping for, waiting for would ever be answered in the affirmative. 她执着地继续期盼着，祈求着， 尽管未来还没有迹象表明她的期盼和祈求会成为现实。第4单元 存在句视译 （例段）What she wanted most out of life had been denied to her. Yet in spite of it, she k

15、ept on hoping. 她对生活的期盼大都已成为泡影， 尽管如此，她依然守候着自己的希望。第4单元 存在句视译 （例段）【笔译】【视译】她有胆量不停地希望，不停地祈祷，尽管在地平线上，她看不到她所祈祷的、她所希望的以及她所等待的会得到肯定的答复。她要求从生活中得到的东西大部分都遭到了拒绝。尽管如此，她依然继续希望。 她执着地继续期盼着，祈求着，尽管未来还没有迹象表明她的期盼和祈求会成为现实。她对生活的期盼大都已成为泡影，尽管如此，她依然守候着自己的希望。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例段）译评与做其他形式的口译一样，视译时译员的阅读信息攫取点应该放在主谓宾上，即逻辑的基本构成，因为这些内容相

16、对严谨，译文对应词语相对固定， 需要准确判断。除此之外的其他内容与译文对应内容的吻合衔接频谱相对宽泛，即严谨度相对较低，译员处理这些信息时可据此适度淡化原文语义，大胆地迁就译文表达习惯。本段落把had the audacity 翻译成“执着地”便是很好的例证，视译版本听起来显然更耳熟、易懂，而意境也大致吻合。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例篇） The resort of Cannes is best known as a billionaires playground. This week its austerity on the agenda, as G20 leaders gather he

17、re to discuss the dark shadows hanging over the world economy. With the euro debt crisis still unresolved, there could be plenty of conflict within the summit, says Stephanie Rickard of the London School of Economics. “This is the opportunity for the G20 partners to weigh in on how they feel about t

18、he eurozone debt deal,” said Rickard. “I think behind closed doors there will be very frank, very difficult discussions about the actual details of the program. Wheres the money going to come from? Hows it going to work? Is it going to contain the crisis within the eurozone? In public, they are goin

19、g to be very careful about presenting a unified front, theyre going to try to be as optimistic as they can so that they dont sink the eurozone deal.” European leaders agreed last week on a deal to try to stop the euro debt crisis spreading. Central to the plan is the beefing up of the EUs bailout fu

20、nd. Europe is looking east to countries like China for help. Theres no clear idea if they will ride to Europes rescue, says Tobias Blattner of Daiwa Capital Markets. “At the G20 summit what we are really looking out for is some kind of commitment and real figures coming from these countries, that th

21、ey clearly state that they will give money in order to support the euro area,” said Blattner. 第4单元 存在句视译 （例篇）【视译】 法国度假胜地戛纳一贯以富豪们的游乐场而知名天下，然而，紧缩银根却成为本周此处峰会的议题。20 国集团领导人正相聚于此，一起探讨如何化解世界经济所共同面临的挑战。 在欧元区债务危机悬而未决的情况下，这次峰会中可能出现许多分歧，伦敦政治经济学院的斯蒂芬尼里卡德如是说。 里卡德说：“20 国集团的成员可借此机会交流彼此对解决欧元区债务计划的看法。我相信，闭门磋商时，与会者将对

22、该计划的具体细节进行坦率和十分激烈的讨论。所需资金从哪里来？计划如何奏效？这项计划能否把这场危机限制在欧元区范围之内？而在公开场合，他们将会小心翼翼地表现出他们是一个统一阵线，尽可能让人们感觉到他们是乐观的，以便使欧元区债务解决方案不至于落空。” 欧洲国家领导人上周达成了一项协议，要争取阻止欧元债务危机蔓延。这项计划的核心就是要进一步充实欧盟的紧急救助资金。 欧洲目前正在寻求中国这样的东方国家的帮助。日本大和资本市场公司的托拜厄斯布拉特纳说，目前还不清楚这些国家是否愿意向欧洲伸出援手。 布拉特纳说：“在20 国集团峰会上，我们真正想要看到的是某种承诺和这些国家愿意出钱的具体数字。也就是说，他们

23、明确表示将会提供资金来帮助欧元区。” 第4单元 存在句视译 （例篇详解） The resort of Cannes is best known as a billionaires playground. This week its austerity on the agenda, as G20 leaders gather here to discuss the dark shadows hanging over the world economy. 法国度假胜地戛纳一贯以富豪们的游乐场而知名天下， 然而，紧缩银根却成为本周此处峰会的议题。20 国集团领导人正相聚于此，一起探讨如何化解世界经济

24、所共同面临的挑战。 With the euro debt crisis still unresolved, there could be plenty of conflict within the summit, says Stephanie Rickard of the London School of Economics. 第4单元 存在句视译 （例篇详解） 在欧元区债务危机悬而未决的情况下，这次峰会中可能出现许多分歧，伦敦政治经济学院的斯蒂芬尼里卡德如是说。 “This is the opportunity for the G20 partners to weigh in on how

25、they feel about the eurozone debt deal,” said Rickard. “I think behind closed doors there will be very frank, very difficult discussions about the actual details of the program. 第4单元 存在句视译 （例篇详解） 里卡德说：“20 国集团的成员可借此机会交流彼此对解决欧元区债务计划的看法。 我相信，闭门磋商时，与会者将对该计划的具体细节进行坦率和十分激烈的讨论。 Wheres the money going to co

26、me from? Hows it going to work? Is it going to contain the crisis within the eurozone? In public, they are going to be very careful about presenting a unified front, theyre going to try to be as optimistic as they can so that they dont sink the eurozone deal.” 第4单元 存在句视译 （例篇详解）所需资金从哪里来？计划如何奏效？这项计划能否

27、把这场危机限制在欧元区范围之内？ 而在公开场合，他们将会小心翼翼地表现出他们是一个统一阵线，尽可能让人们感觉到他们是乐观的，以便使欧元区债务解决方案不至于落空。”第4单元 存在句视译 （例篇详解） European leaders agreed last week on a deal to try to stop the euro debt crisis spreading. Central to the plan is the beefing up of the EUs bailout fund. 欧洲国家领导人上周达成了一项协议，要争取阻止欧元债务危机蔓延。 这项计划的核心就是要进一步充实

28、欧盟的紧急救助资金。第4单元 存在句视译 （例篇详解） Europe is looking east to countries like China for help. Theres no clear idea if they will ride to Europes rescue, says Tobias Blattner of Daiwa Capital Markets. 欧洲目前正在寻求中国这样的东方国家的帮助。 日本大和资本市场公司的托拜厄斯布拉特纳说，目前还不清楚这些国家是否愿意向欧洲伸出援手。第4单元 存在句视译 （例篇详解） “At the G20 summit what we

29、are really looking out for is some kind of commitment and real figures coming from these countries, that they clearly state that they will give money in order to support the euro area,” said Blattner. 布拉特纳说：“在20 国集团峰会上，我们真正想要看到的是某种承诺和这些国家愿意出钱的具体数字。也就是说，他们明确表示将会提供资金来帮助欧元区。” 第4单元 存在句视译 （例篇）译评 （1）翻译时，尤

30、其是口译，当然包括视译，在翻译外国不知名地名时需要把其所属国家予以说明，或一并翻译出来，目的是减少因此地名不为人知而造成的费解，因此这里翻译成“法国度假胜地戛纳”。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例篇）译评 （2）无论是明喻，还是暗喻，比喻在原文中的表达效果是由受众对原语文化的熟悉程度决定的，而译文的文化语境可能与之大相径庭，因此视译比喻时因时间所限最好采取意译的方式，这样可以保证基本语义得到传达的效果。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例篇）译评（3）视译先行代词+带逻辑主语不定式句子时（it is for sb. to do），应该直接从带主语不定式切入，因为其本身就是真正的主语，这样做译文结构排列就更

31、符合中文习惯。 （4）英文very difficult discussions 可以翻译成“十分困难”、“十分艰难”或“十分艰苦”，但是考虑到中文名词“讨论”的最常见搭配形容词是“激烈”，这里翻译成“激烈讨论”最容易为听众所理解。 第4单元 存在句视译 （例篇）译评（5）Central to the plan is the beefing up of the EUs bailout fund，此句为倒装句，在英语里比较常见，笔译时基本不会构成翻译障碍，但是视译时需要译员瞬间从英语思维转换到汉语思维，可能就增加了难度。译员练习时可将此类句式进行名词化处理，即将其视为the center of t

32、he plan is ，反复练习，便可熟能生巧。第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语句）(1) Let there be no more of this quarrelling. (2) There are believed to be a number of wounded soldiers on both sides. (3) There were jailed fifteen or so drunks and junkies. (4) There have often been wide and tragic gaps between promise and performance, i

33、deal and reality. (5) In fact, there was a fellow, Pete Kiewit in Omaha, who used to say, he looked for three things in hiring people: integrity, intelligence and energy. 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：参考答案）（1）别再发生这种争吵了。 （2）据信双方都有很多士兵受伤。 （3）狱中关着15 个左右的醉汉和吸毒者。 （4）在承诺和实践、理想和现实之间还存在着巨大而可悲的差距。 （5）实际上，在奥哈马有一位叫做皮特吉维特的小

34、伙子过去常说，雇人时，他会看三个方面：诚信、智力和精力。 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语段）(1) United there is little we can not do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can dofor we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语段）(2) This years shows will include more eco-friendly s

35、uppliers than before, with a wider choice of products. There is also a dedicated zone in Mega Show Part 1 for gift-wrapping and packaging, and a new group of fashion jewelry and accessories suppliers, in the gift-ware area in Mega Show Part 2. 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：参考答案）（1）只要团结，则在许多合作事业中几乎没有什么是办不到的。倘若分裂，

36、我们则无可作为，因为我们在意见分歧、各行其是的情况下，是不敢应付强大挑战的。 （2）今年的展会较之以往将有更多生态友好型供应商参展，产品的选择也更加丰富。在大型展会的第一展区有礼品包装和打包专区，另有新参展的一组时尚珠宝和服装配饰供货商,位于第二展区的礼品陈列区。 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语篇）(1) The Education Departments Office of Civil Rights is investigating a complaint that Harvard and Princeton universities discriminates against Asi

37、an-Americans. The investigation began with a complaint from an Indian-American student in California who was near the top of his high school class but was rejected at both schools. 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语篇） The Civil Rights Agency doesnt discuss the substance of pending cases, so theres no telling what e

38、vidence the Indian-American family might have to support a discrimination claim. Mere rejectionby either Harvard or Princetonlikely would not suffice, as both schools routinely reject students with perfect SAT scores and grade-point averages. A Harvard spokesman told reporter Golden the institution

39、does not discriminate. Asian-Americans make up 16 percent of Harvard undergraduates. 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语篇） Asian-American students have challenged Ivy League admission policies before. Jian Li, a Chinese American, filed a civil rights complaint after Princeton rejected him in 2019. Hed scored a perfe

40、ct 2,400 on the SAT and graduated in the top 1 percent of his class, yet had been rejected at several Ivies. Golden reports that the agency received a fresh complaint in September targeting Yale, subsequently withdrawn. 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语篇） Its questionable, though, whether any student could prove d

41、iscrimination by those schools without access to stacks of admission data. Harvards admission rate has dipped to 6.2 percent, and Yale and Princeton arent far behind. There is simply no guarantee of admission, no matter ones credentials 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语篇） Theres plenty of research to suggest, thou

42、gh, that Asian-American applicants must bring higher test scores and GPAs than whites, Hispanics or Blacks to gain entry. Golden cites a 2019 study of admissions at Duke: Asian-American enrollees scored 1,457 on the reading and math sections of the SAT, compared to 1,416 for whites, 1,347 for Hispan

43、ics and 1,275 for Blacks. 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语篇）(2) While many of us are lucky to count our real friends on one hand, there are certain types of people its good to have around. So, how many do you know? a. The friend who is cooler than you The world changes quickly and some people are just that little

44、 bit better at keeping up with whats hip than we are. Like those friends who know that NO ONE EVER says “hip” any more, for instance. We like to be around these people, because theyre a beacon of cool. Cool things just flock to them. 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语篇） These are the people who help you to open you

45、r eyes, have a flow-on effect for introducing you to other cool people and help to unstick yourself from the rut thats all too easy to get bogged in. These people enrich your life by exposing you to things that may have otherwise passed you by. b. The friend who is up for anything People are busy, w

46、e get it. But theres nothing more frustrating than having to reschedule your re-re-re-scheduled catch-up. Everyone needs a friend who you can call at the drop of a hat. A friend who says, 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语篇）“hell yeah, Im up for that”. Thats why its good to have a mate who you dont need to issue a

47、28-day notice just to meet for a frappuccino. Its refreshing. This friend is the flexible, no frills friend who makes your life a breeze. Nothing is ever too hard and theyre open to doing new things and changing plans at short notice. Their enthusiasm is contagious and you always have more fun when

48、they are around. c. The friend who you aspire to be Oprah Winfrey once said, “Surround yourself with only people who are going to lift you higher”. And we all need to live life a little bit closer to Oprah. 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语篇）These people challenge you to be the best version of yourself. The only d

49、ownside is that sometimes they can be infuriating and inspiring in equal measure. This friend is only an important role model if they behave in ways that are authentic and genuine. They will see the best in you and give you important feedback on both your strengths and weaknesses. 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语

50、篇） d. The friend who doesnt know any of your other friends We like integration. We like killing two birds with one stone by catching up with several groups of friends at once. But there are times when you need to make an S.O.S call to a friend who is completely uninvolved and removed from a situatio

51、n but can offer objective advice, so it a bonus that your friendship exists without orbiting around your other ones. 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语篇） There is a level of privacy to this friendship that doesnt exist in friendship circles. It will be easier to share some of your hopes and dreams, fears and concer

52、ns knowing that they are not going to be discussed when youre not around. e. The friend who is painfully honest An honest friend will not always tell you what you want to hear, but theyll certainly tell you what you need to know if he/she is really that into you. When youve got a crisis on your hand

53、s or need to make a quick decision they are your go-to. Theyre also there to keep you away from mixing paisleys and stripes. 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语篇） This type of friend has the strength of feedback and is a pearl who will tell it to you straight when others wont or will sugarcoat things at the very lea

54、st. This friend is someone who does it with good intentions and for your own benefit. f. The friend youve known than youve known yourself History sometimes works to your advantage, other times it doesnt. This is that friend who sees you out of the context of your job, your relationship, your other f

55、riends and your life as it is now. This is the friend who knew you when you had pimples and a bowl cut. 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：语篇） There is something special about this person because they feel like home. Its nice and comforting to be around someone who has known you forever. This is a friend you never have to put on a brave face for. They know you better than you know yourself and accept you unconditionally. 第4单元 存在句视译 （视译练习：参考答案）（1）美国教育部民权办公室针对一项投诉展开调查，该投诉为哈佛大学和普林斯顿大学歧视亚裔美国人。 调查始自一名来自加州的印度裔美国学生的投诉，该学生是某高中的优等生，但同时遭到两所学校的拒绝。 美国教育部民权办公