第八章 被动语态

1、第八章 被动语态共二十页英语中被动语态使用范围很广。凡是不必(bb)说出主动者，不愿说出主动者，无从说出主动者或是为了连贯上下文等等，往往都使用被动语态。汉语中虽然也有被动语态，但使用范围远比英语狭窄得多。共二十页被动语态在商务英语中的表现形式，大致可以分为三类：1. 被动式作为名词的定语，修饰名词Spurned marketers are now training their sights on cell phones.那些遭人厌恶的推销商现在便把目光瞄准(mio zhn)了手机。共二十页2. 被动式作动词的补语，修饰动词或表示某种状态。You may rest assured that w

2、e shall start production without any delay upon receipt of you raw materials. 一收到贵方的原材料，我们就开始(kish)生产，对此贵方尽可放心。共二十页3. 被动(bidng)句式Your name and address have been given to us by your Commercial Counsellors Office in Beijing.我方已由贵国驻北京商贸参赞处获悉贵公司的名称与地址。共二十页被动语态的翻译(fny) 英语被动语态的句子译成汉语(Hny)时，很多情况下都译成主动句，当然也

3、有一些可以保持被动语态。共二十页一 译成被动(bidng)句英语的被动语态句子，有些可以直译成汉语的“被”字句：The weightless flight fee was waived for Stephen Hawking.史蒂芬.霍金这次失重飞行的费用(fi yong)被减免了。The company has been designated a second contractor to the program.这家公司已被确定为本项目的第二个承包商。共二十页借助(jizh)其他词表示借助“受”“为而”“给”“遭”They were given a hearty welcome.他们受到了热

4、烈欢迎。I am very much impressed by the hospitality and warmth by which you have received us.你们对我们的热情(rqng)款待给我们留下了深刻的影响。All suggestions of mediation by a third party were rejected.由第三方主持调解的建议，一个个都遭到了否决。共二十页译成“把”、“使”和“由”等字句The present contract is signed by representatives of both parties.本合同由双方代表签署。The

5、business is confirmed verbally by your Business Manager Mr. Grant to our Sales Manager Miss Li at a price of US $ 40 per ton.该笔生意系由贵方贸易部经理格兰特先生与我方销售部经理李小姐口头(kutu)确认的，每吨单价为40美元。共二十页译成汉语的“无主句”Chinas presence is felt, more than ever, all over the world.在世界各地，今天比以往任何时候，都更加感受到中国的存在。Smoking is not allowed

6、 in this theatre.本剧场内禁止(jnzh)吸烟。Buying and selling abroad is generally thought to be more difficult than trading.一般认为，做外贸比做内贸难。共二十页二 译成主动(zhdng)句在英汉翻译中，更多的时候是把英语中的被动语态灵活译为主动式，以使得译文更通顺(tngshn)和自然。具体处理方式如下：共二十页原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语The ship was destined for London.这艘船是去伦敦的。All items for which we have quoted a

7、re made from very best quality leather.所报的品种均系采用上等皮革制成。As financial markets change, supervision must be prepared to adjust.由于金融市场(jn rn sh chn)在变，监管必须随时准备调整。共二十页All payments for the supply of goods under the barter contract shall be settled through the clearing account.所有易货合同项下供货的支付都通过清算账户结算。Industr

8、ial designs are applied to a wide variety of products of industry and handicraft.工业设计(shj)广泛应用于各种工业品和手工艺品。共二十页原文中的主语在译文中作宾语Your firm has been recommended to us by Coventry Chamber of Commerce.承蒙考文垂商会推荐，得知贵号行名。The new seatbelt regulations have been put into effect in large cities.一些大城市已经实施(shsh)开车要系安

9、全带的新规定。共二十页在译文中加上不确定的主语，如“有人(yu rn)”“我们”“希望”等，译成主动句Suggestions were made to present the trade terms in another manner for the purpose of easier reading and understanding.有人这样建议，采用另一种方式表达贸易术语，使之更加易于阅读和理解。共二十页以it作形式主语(zhy)的被动语态句型，译成汉语时，往往有其固定的表达方式：It is rumored 据谣传It is considered (thought) that 人们（有人

10、、大家）认为It is generally accepted (agreed, recognized) that 普遍（一般、通常）认为It is believed that有人（人们、大家）相信共二十页It is well-known that 众所周知(zhng su zhu zh)（大家都知道）It is said that 据说（有人 说）It is learned that 据悉（闻）It is supposed that 据推测It is estimated (predicated, calculated) that 据估计（预计）It is reported that 据报道（报告）共二十页It must be pointed out that 必须指出It must (should) be admitted that 应该(ynggi)（必须）承认It will be seen from this that 由此可见It cannot be denied that 无可否认It has been proved (demonstrated) that 业已证明It may be confirmed that 可以肯定共二十页 Do the exercise on 94共二十页内容摘要第八章。原文中的主语在译文(ywn)中仍