医生忠告避免转基因食品

1、医生忠告：避免转基因食品Doctors Warn: Avoid Genetically Modified FoodJeffrey M Smith杰弗里 M 史密斯On May 19th, the American Academy of Environmental Medicine (AAEM) called on “Physicians to educate their patients, the medical community, and the public to avoid GM (genetically modified) foods when possible and provid

2、e educational materials concerning GM foods and health risks.” HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 1 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref1 1 They called for a moratorium on GM foods, long-term independent studies, and labeling. AAEMs position paper stated, “Several animal studies indicate serious health risks associated

3、 with GM food,” including infertility, immune problems, accelerated aging, insulin regulation, and changes in major organs and the gastrointestinal system. They conclude, “There is more than a casual association between GM foods and adverse health effects. There is causation,” as defined by recogniz

4、ed scientific criteria. “The strength of association and consistency between GM foods and disease is confirmed in several animal studies.”5月19日，美国环境医药学院（AAEM）呼吁：“医生应尽可能对患者、医疗机构、以及公众进行避免转基因食品的教育，并提供相关宣传材料。”该学院除了要求延缓转基因食品的市场投放，还要求对其进行长期独立的研究，并在该类商品上标有明显的标记。AAEM的专家们论文中声明：“通过几项对动物的研究表明，一些严重的健康风险都与转基因食品有

5、关”，“ 这其中包括不孕症、免疫系统问题、加速老化、胰岛素紊乱，以及主要一些脏器和肠胃系统的变异。作为公认的科学标准，他们的结论是：“转基因食品与不良的健康影响之间的关联绝非偶然，而是一种因果关系。存在于转基因食品与疾病间的高度相关性和一致性已经在动物研究中获得了证实。”More and more doctors are already prescribing GM-free diets. Dr. Amy Dean, a Michigan internal medicine specialist, and board member of AAEM says, “I strongly recom

6、mend patients eat strictly non-genetically modified foods.” Ohio allergist Dr. John Boyles says “I used to test for soy allergies all the time, but now that soy is genetically engineered, it is so dangerous that I tell people never to eat it.”目前，越来越多的医生给出无转基因饮食的建议。密歇根内科专家兼AAME董事会成员，艾米安迪博士说:“我强烈建议患者彻

7、底地杜绝食用转基因食品。”俄亥俄州过敏症专家医师称：“我曾经有段时间一直对大豆过敏症进行测试，但是现在有些大豆进行了基因改造，那是非常危险的，所以我告诉人们绝对不要吃那种大豆。”Dr. Jennifer Armstrong, President of AAEM, says, “Physicians are probably seeing the effects in their patients, but need to know how to ask the right questions.” World renowned biologist Pushpa M. Bhargava goes

8、one step further. After reviewing more than 600 scientific journals, he concludes that genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are a major contributor to the sharply deteriorating health of Americans.AAME院长，詹尼弗阿姆斯特朗博士称：“许多医生显然已经看到了患者的症结何在，但是需要斟酌怎样向他们进行合适的询问。” 声名显赫的生物学家，普什巴M巴尔加瓦在转基因研究领域可谓“更上一层楼”，在查阅了60

9、0余篇学术著作后，得出结论，转基因食品是美国民众健康状况急转直下的罪魁祸首。Pregnant women and babies at great risk处于更大风险中的孕妇和新生儿Among the population, biologist David Schubert of the Salk Institute warns that “children are the most likely to be adversely effected by toxins and other dietary problems” related to GM foods. He says without

10、 adequate studies, the children become “the experimental animals.” HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 2 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref2 2索尔克研究所（Salk Institute）的生物学家，大卫舒伯特就转基因食品提醒民众：“儿童最容易受到毒素和其他饮食问题的不利影响。”他还表示：“在对转基因食品没有充分研究的情况下，我们的孩子们成为实验室的小白鼠。”The experience of actual GM-fed experimental animals is scary. When

11、GM soy was fed to female rats, most of their babies died within three weekscompared to a 10% death rate among the control group fed natural soy. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 3 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref3 3 The GM-fed babies were also smaller, and later had problems getting pregnant. HYPERLINK /doctors-w

12、arn l 4 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref4 4转基因喂养动物实验的经历是令人不寒而栗的。转基因大豆喂养的实验母鼠产下的幼鼠，大多数在三周内就死亡，而食用自然种植大豆产下的幼鼠死亡率仅有10%，而那些存活下来的幼鼠体形普遍较小，之后还出现了生育问题。When male rats were fed GM soy, their testicles actually changed colorfrom the normal pink to dark blue. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 5 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref5 5 M

13、ice fed GM soy had altered young sperm. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 6 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref6 6 Even the embryos of GM fed parent mice had significant changes in their DNA. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 7 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref7 7 Mice fed GM corn in an Austrian government study had fewer babies, wh

14、ich were also smaller than normal. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 8 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref8 8转基因大豆喂养的雄性实验老鼠，睾丸的颜色由正常的粉色变成了深蓝色，初期的精子细胞也发生了变异，甚至转基因喂养白鼠的胚胎的DNA也发生了重大的变化。根据奥地利地政府的研究表明，与食用非转基因玉米的相比，食用转基因玉米的实验老鼠繁殖后代的数量更少，体形更小。Reproductive problems also plague livestock. Investigations in the state of Haryan

15、a, India revealed that most buffalo that ate GM cottonseed had complications such as premature deliveries, abortions, infertility, and prolapsed uteruses. Many calves died. In the US, about two dozen farmers reported thousands of pigs became sterile after consuming certain GM corn varieties. Some ha

16、d false pregnancies; others gave birth to bags of water. Cows and bulls also became infertile when fed the same corn. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 9 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref9 9生畜也遭遇到繁殖问题。印度哈里亚纳邦的调查表明，大多数喂食了转基因棉籽的牛出现了许多并发症，包括早产、流产、不孕和子宫下垂，而且牛犊的成活率非常低。大约有20多家美国农户报告说，在喂食转基因玉米后数以千计的猪出现了不孕不育症状，有些出现假孕状况，甚至有

17、些只产生羊水；同时，奶牛和公牛也出现了不孕不育症。In the US population, the incidence of low birth weight babies, infertility, and infant mortality are all escalating.在美国人口中，婴儿出生体重偏低、营养不良、和新生儿死亡等的情况正逐步攀升。Food designed to produce toxin产生毒素的食物GM corn and cotton are engineered to produce their own built-in pesticide in every c

18、ell. When bugs bite the plant, the poison splits open their stomach and kills them. Biotech companies claim that the pesticide, called Btproduced from soil bacteria Bacillus thuringiensishas a history of safe use, since organic farmers and others use Bt bacteria spray for natural insect control. Gen

19、etic engineers insert Bt genes into corn and cotton, so the plants do the killing.借助于遗传工程学，转基因玉米和棉花的每个细胞都会产生内源杀虫剂。当昆虫叮咬这些植物时，毒素就会腐蚀昆虫的消化系统，继而将其杀死。生物科技公司宣称，这种被称作Bt的杀虫剂（全称：苏去金芽孢杆菌）是提取自土壤细菌，自从有机农场的农户们喷洒Bt菌控制病虫害以来，就有着安全使用的历史。可是遗传学工程师将这种Bt菌基因植入到了玉米和棉花的细胞中，这些植物就成了名符其实的杀手。The Bt-toxin produced in GM plants

20、, however, is thousands of times more concentrated than natural Bt spray, is designed to be more toxic, HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 10 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref10 10 has properties of an allergen, and unlike the spray, cannot be washed off the plant.Bt菌植入转基因农作物中的毒性比它作为浓缩性农药喷洒的毒性更强，甚至高出几千倍；它还含有过敏原特性，且与

21、喷洒在植物上的农药不同，它无法用水冲洗掉。Moreover, studies confirm that even the less toxic natural bacterial spray is harmful. When dispersed by plane to kill gypsy moths in the Pacific Northwest, about 500 people reported allergy or flu-like symptoms. Some had to go to the emergency room. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 11

22、 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref11 11, HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 12 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref12 12此外，研究证实，即使是毒性较轻的Bt菌喷洒也是有害的。在太平洋西北部地区，当使用飞机进行喷洒Bt菌农药驱灭舞毒蛾时，当地有500人报告出现过敏症或类似感冒的症状，甚至有些人因此被送到急诊室。The exact same symptoms are now being reported by farm workers throughout India, from handling Bt cotton. HYPERLI

23、NK /doctors-warn l 13 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref13 13In 2008, based on medical records, the Sunday India reported, “Victims of itching have increased massively this year . . . related to BT cotton farming.” HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 14 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref14 14完全相同的症状也出现在来自印度Bt菌棉花农场的工人们。2008年根据周

24、末印度收集的众多病例报告显示，“瘙痒症患者的大量增加与Bt菌棉花农场有关。”GMOs provoke immune reactions转基因食品引发的免疫反应AAEM states, “Multiple animal studies show significant immune dysregulation,” including increase in cytokines, which are “associated with asthma, allergy, and inflammation”all on the rise in the US.AAME指出，“多项动物实验研究显示，动物出现

25、严重的免疫调节障碍”，包括细胞因子的大量增加，这与哮喘、过敏和发炎症状密切相关，并且这些疾病在美国呈上升趋势。According to GM food safety expert Dr. Arpad Pusztai, changes in the immune status of GM animals are “a consistent feature of all the studies.” HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 15 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref15 15 Even Monsantos own research showed signif

26、icant immune system changes in rats fed Bt corn. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 16 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref16 16 A November 2008 by the Italian government also found that mice have an immune reaction to Bt corn. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 17 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref17 17根据转基因食品安全专家阿帕德普兹特伊博士研究，转基因动物免疫状况的

27、改变具有“所有研究的一致特性”甚至孟山都公司（美国著名农业生化公司）自己的研究也显示出转基因玉米喂养的实验老鼠的免疫系统发生了严重改变。2008年11月，意大利政府发现，实验老鼠对转基因玉米产生免疫反应。GM soy and corn each contain two new proteins with allergenic properties, HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 18 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref18 18 GM soy has up to seven times more trypsin inhibitora known soy a

28、llergen, HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 19 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref19 19 and skin prick tests show some people react to GM, but not to non-GM soy. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 20 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref20 20 Soon after GM soy was introduced to the UK, soy allergies skyrocketed by 50%. Perhaps the US epid

29、emic of food allergies and asthma is a casualty of genetic manipulation.转基因大豆和玉米包含两种具有过敏特性的蛋白质，其中转基因大豆所含有高达七倍胰蛋白酶抵制剂一种已知的过敏原。另外，皮肤过敏测试显示，对转基因大豆产生过敏反应的人对非转基因大豆未有过敏反应。转基因大豆引入英国不久，大豆过敏者人数暴涨50%，也许像食物过敏和哮喘这类在美国普遍的流行病，就是操控基因所带来的灾难。Animals dying in large numbers生畜的大量死亡In India, animals graze on cotton plan

30、ts after harvest. But when shepherds let sheep graze on Bt cotton plants, thousands died. Post mortems showed severe irritation and black patches in both intestines and liver (as well as enlarged bile ducts). Investigators said preliminary evidence “strongly suggests that the sheep mortality was due

31、 to a toxin. . . . most probably Bt-toxin.” HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 21 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref21 21 In a small follow-up feeding study by the Deccan Development Society, all sheep fed Bt cotton plants died within 30 days; those that grazed on natural cotton plants remained healthy.在印度，生畜通常采食收割后的

32、棉花类植物，但却有数以千计的绵羊在采食转基因（Bt菌）棉花类植物后相继死亡。对这些绵羊的尸检结果显示，在肠道和肝脏内发现强烈的刺激物和黑色的斑块，以及增大的胆管。调查人员说，初步的证据“强有力地表明，绵羊的死因是由于中毒”，而且最有可能是Bt菌毒素。德干（印度南部高原区）发展协会又对一小群存活下来的绵羊进行后续实验，继续对其喂食转基因棉类植物，结果30天内绵羊全部死亡；然而，另外那些后来采食天然种植棉类植物的绵羊却很健壮。In a small village in Andhra Pradesh, buffalo grazed on cotton plants for eight years w

33、ithout incident. On January 3rd, 2008, the buffalo grazed on Bt cotton plants for the first time. All 13 were sick the next day; all died within 3 days. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 22 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref22 22在安得拉邦（印度濒临孟加拉湾）的一个小村庄里，采食棉类植物的水牛八年内都安然无恙，但在2008年1月3日13头水牛第一次食用Bt菌棉类植物后，第二天即发病；三天内全部死亡。Bt

34、 corn was also implicated in the deaths of cows in Germany, and horses, water buffaloes, and chickens in The Philippines. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 23 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref23 23Bt菌玉米还与德国奶牛的死亡，菲律宾的马匹、水牛、家禽死亡密切相关。In lab studies, twice the number of chickens fed Liberty Link corn died; 7 of 20 rats

35、 fed a GM tomato developed bleeding stomachs; another 7 of 40 died within two weeks. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 24 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref24 24 Monsantos own study showed evidence of poisoning in major organs of rats fed Bt corn, according to top French toxicologist G. E. Seralini. HYPERLINK /docto

36、rs-warn l 25 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref25 25在实验研究中，与喂食非转基因玉米的家禽死亡数量相比，喂食LibertyLink玉米（LibertLink玉米是用来抵抗非选择性除草剂Liberty的，抗性基因容许玉米释放氨）的家禽死亡数量高出了一倍；转基因喂养的20只实验老鼠中，7只患有胃出血；另外一个实验中，40只实验老鼠有7只在两周内死亡。根据法国权威毒理学家GE塞若里尼证实，孟山都公司自己的研究结果表明，喂食转基因玉米的实验老鼠重要的内脏器官出现了中毒现象。Worst finding of allGMOs remain inside of us最糟糕的

37、发现转基因物质会残留在体内The only published human feeding study revealed what may be the most dangerous problem from GM foods. The gene inserted into GM soy transfers into the DNA of bacteria living inside our intestines and continues to function. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 26 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref26 26 This

38、 means that long after we stop eating GMOs, we may still have potentially harmful GM proteins produced continuously inside of us. Put more plainly, eating a corn chip produced from Bt corn might transform our intestinal bacteria into living pesticide factories, possibly for the rest of our lives.根据唯

39、一一次公布的人类食用转基因食品的研究显示，其结果可能是最让人触目惊心的，转基因大豆被人食用后，插入大豆基因组上的基因又会转而插入我们人体肠道共生菌的基因组中并继续行使基因功能。这意味着，既使人们已经停止食用转基因食品一段时间后，源源不断的转基因蛋白质仍会时刻给人体带来潜在的危险。更形象地描述，食用植入Bt菌的玉米极可能将人体的肠道细菌转变成活跃的“杀虫剂”工厂，人体终其一生都会受其影响。When evidence of gene transfer is reported at medical conferences around the US, doctors often respond by

40、 citing the huge increase of gastrointestinal problems among their patients over the last decade. GM foods might be colonizing the gut flora of North Americans.当转基因的危害迹象在全美医学大会被报导时，医生们普遍反应在过去十年中出现胃肠问题的患者人数居高不下，也许转基因食品逐渐成为了北美人消化系统的非法入侵者。Warnings by government scientists ignored and denied官方科学家的忠告未予理睬

41、或对其断然否认Scientists at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had warned about all these problems even in the early 1990s. According to documents released from a lawsuit, the scientific consensus at the agency was that GM foods were inherently dangerous, and might create hard-to-detect allergies, pois

42、ons, gene transfer to gut bacteria, new diseases, and nutritional problems. They urged their superiors to require rigorous long-term tests. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 27 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref27 27 But the White House had ordered the agency to promote biotechnology and the FDA responded by recruit

43、ing Michael Taylor, Monsantos former attorney, to head up the formation of GMO policy. That policy, which is in effect today, denies knowledge of scientists concerns and declares that no safety studies on GMOs are required. It is up to Monsanto and the other biotech companies to determine if their f

44、oods are safe. Mr. Taylor later became Monsantos vice president.FDA的科学们早在90年代初就对转基因食品可能引发的诸多问题予以警告。根据一桩诉讼案文件揭露，FDA的科学家们曾针对转基因食品的危险本质达成过共识，认为它可能会造成难以察觉的过敏症、中毒、基因转入肠道、新型疾病、以及营养问题。科学家们曾强烈建议对转基因食品进行严格地、长期地实验。但是白宫给予回应的是，下令促进生物科学技术，并任用孟山都公司的前任律师，迈克尔泰勒（Michael Taylor），领导制定发展转基因食品的政策。这项在今天仍发挥效用的政策全盘否定了科学家们的

45、担忧，并宣称没有必要对转基因食品的安全性进行研究。这为孟山都和其他生物科技公司在食品安全方面铺就了一条坦途，那位迈克尔泰勒先生后来成为了孟山都公司的副总裁。Dangerously few studies, untraceable diseases硕果仅存的研究：难以名状的危险疾病AAEM states, “GM foods have not been properly tested” and “pose a serious health risk.” Not a single human clinical trial on GMOs has been published. A 2007 rev

46、iew of published scientific literature on the “potential toxic effects/health risks of GM plants” revealed “that experimental data are very scarce.” The author concludes his review by asking, “Where is the scientific evidence showing that GM plants/food are toxicologically safe, as assumed by the bi

47、otechnology companies?” HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 28 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref28 28AAEM声明：“转基因食品没有得到很好的测试”“造成了严重的健康风险”。至今没有一份关于转基因食品的临床试验被公之于众。2007年一本科学文献发表了一份关于转基因食品“潜在毒性和健康隐患”的评论，揭示“实验数据是极为稀缺的”。作者发出这样的疑问：“那些在毒理学上表明转基因食品是安全的证据都到哪里去了？这不是生物科技公司该承担的责任吗？”Famed Canadian geneticist David Suzuki answers,

48、“The experiments simply havent been done and we now have become the guinea pigs.” He adds, “Anyone that says, Oh, we know that this is perfectly safe, I say is either unbelievably stupid or deliberately lying.” HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 29 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref29 29加拿大著名遗传学家回答了这个问题，“实验从来都没有真正完成过

49、，现在我们就是试验品。”他还补充道：“任何人说：哦，地球人都知道转基因食品是绝对安全的。我会说那不是愚蠢至极就是蓄意欺骗。”Dr. Schubert points out, “If there are problems, we will probably never know because the cause will not be traceable and many diseases take a very long time to develop.” If GMOs happen to cause immediate and acute symptoms with a unique s

50、ignature, perhaps then we might have a chance to trace the cause.舒伯特博士指出：“就算是真的出了问题，我们也永远不会知道，因为起因是无法追溯的，而且很多疾患会潜伏很长时间才会发病。”如果转基因食品碰巧引发了一种独特的急性症状，那样也许我们还有机会回溯病发根源。This is precisely what happened during a US epidemic in the late 1980s. The disease was fast acting, deadly, and caused a unique measurab

51、le change in the bloodbut it still took more than four years to identify that an epidemic was even occurring. By then it had killed about 100 Americans and caused 5,000-10,000 people to fall sick or become permanently disabled. It was caused by a genetically engineered brand of a food supplement cal

52、led L-tryptophan.这非常准确地描述了80年代美国出现的一些流行病。这些疾病均具有发病迅速、致命的特征，还引起了血液一些可测量到的奇怪变化，但是这些仍用了四年多的时间才确定疫情正在蔓延。接下来一起事件夺去了大约100名美国人的宝贵生命，并造成5,00010,000人病例或终身残疾，而事件的始作俑者就是转基因工程的产物，一种名为L-色氨酸的保健食品。If other GM foods are contributing to the rise of autism, obesity, diabetes, asthma, cancer, heart disease, allergies,

53、 reproductive problems, or any other common health problem now plaguing Americans, we may never know. In fact, since animals fed GMOs had such a wide variety of problems, susceptible people may react to GM food with multiple symptoms. It is therefore telling that in the first nine years after the la

54、rge scale introduction of GM crops in 1996, the incidence of people with three or more chronic diseases nearly doubled, from 7% to 13%. HYPERLINK /doctors-warn l 30 o 12159680dd16533d_ednref30 30是否一些困扰美国人的疾病的增加，例如，自闭症、肥胖、糖尿病、哮喘、癌症、心脏病、过敏症、生育问题，及其他一些普遍的健康问题都归究于转基因食品，我们可能永远也不会知道。实际上，由于转基因食品喂养的动物存在着广泛的

55、问题，易感人群可能对转基因食品产生更为强烈的多种反应。所以，可以确切地说，转基因食品大规模在1996年投入市场后的九年里，受三种以上慢性疾病困扰的人大概增加一倍，即从7%增至13%。To help identify if GMOs are causing harm, the AAEM asks their “members, the medical community, and the independent scientific community to gather case studies potentially related to GM food consumption and he

56、alth effects, begin epidemiological research to investigate the role of GM foods on human health, and conduct safe methods of determining the effect of GM foods on human health.”为了查明转基因食品是否造成危害，AAEM要求其会员，医疗机构、和独立科研机构收集与转基因食品有潜在相关性的案例，如，食品消耗和健康影响；并开始就转基因食品在人类健康中所扮演绎的角色进行调查研究，还实施了一些安全方法来确认其对人类健康的影响。Citizens need not wait for the results before taking the doctors advice to avoid GM foods. People can stay away from anything with soy or corn derivatives, cottonseed and canola oil, and sugar from GM sugar beetsunless it says organic or “