商务英语翻译7.2词性转换词增减-精选课件

1、词性转换、词的增减第七章 词性转换 词性转换是英汉翻译中常见的翻译方法。很多词语按原来词性翻译在译语中很难表达，或者表达起来显得生硬、晦涩，不符合译语表达习惯，往往在翻译中需要变通，进行词性转换。词性转换 1. 转译成动词 英语中具有动作意义的名词、介词汉译时往往可转化为动词，形容词和副词也可以适当地转译成动词，英语中起名词作用的动名词，汉译时也可以译为动词。 例1 Do you allow me a discount? 可以打折吗？（名词译为动词）词性转换 1. 转译成动词 例2 The operation of an international charter flight shall n

2、ot affect the operation of scheduled air services. 经营国际包机不得影响常规航班的运营。（名词译为动词）例3 The statement that most people are for this proposal is confirmed by a survey conducted recently.多数人支持这项提议。这种说法从最近作的一项调查中得到证实。（介词译文动词） 词性转换 1. 转译成动词 例4 She opened the window to let fresh air in. 她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。（副词译为动词） 例

3、5 After careful investigation they found the design behind. 经过仔细研究之后，他们发现这个设计落后了。（副词译为动词） 例6 The measures he took are highly effective. 他采取的措施很有效果。（形容词译为动词）词性转换 1. 转译成动词 例7 The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing. 这种奇特的文化根源还远不清楚。（动名词译为动词）词性转换 2. 转译成名词 英语中的动词和形容词，甚至副词和代词在英 汉翻译中都可以适

4、当地转译为名词。例1Trends toward the globalization of industry have dramatically affected food production in California.行业全球化的趋势对加利福尼亚州的食品生产造成了令人震惊的影响。（动词转译为名词）词性转换 2. 转译成名词 例2 The report concluded: Our research confirms that Britains long-hours culture is seriously undermining the quality of life. We must c

5、hallenge this culture, for everyones sake. 这份报告的结论是：我们的调查证实，英国的免费加班工作方式严重破坏了生活质量。为了大家，我们必须对这种工作方式提出异议。（动词转译为名词）词性转换 2. 转译成名词 例3 I feel that We need to become a little more product-oriented.我觉得我们需要多一点产品导向意识。（形容词转译为名词） 例4 The manager is eloquent and skilled in the use of words.经理有口才，善于用词。（形容词转译为名词）词性转

6、换 2. 转译成名词 例5 But the exact nature of the stock-control system and the re-order level will depend upon the rate of usage of the stock, how frequently new stock can be brought in and the lead time. 但是库存管理系统的堆确性和再订水平都将依赖于库存使用率、购进新原料的频率以及从订货到交货的间隔时间。（副词转译为名词）词性转换 2. 转译成名词 例6 I phoned Dells call centre

7、and spoke to an operator, who patiently answered some of my queries.我打电话给戴尔的电话服务中心，和名电话接线员说话，该接线员耐心地回答了我的一些询问。（代词转译为名词）词性转换 3. 转译成形容词 英语中有些名词在汉译时可以转译成形容词，把英语中的副词译成汉语中的形容词也很常见，偶尔也可以见到英语中动词汉译时转译成形容词的情况。例1 He has great trouble in doing the work on his own.他独自干这活非常困难。（名词转译为形容词）例2 The potential fruits of

8、 this strategy are most obviously commercial.这一战略最明显的潜在成果是商业上的。（副词转译为形容词）词性转换 3. 转译成形容词 例3 However desirous we may be of doing business with you, we regret to say that your bid is really too low to be acceptable。尽管我方非常希望与你方交易，遗憾的是你方出价实在太低我方无法接受。（动词转译为形容词）词性转换 4. 转译成副词 英语句子中的名词和形容词在汉译时都可根据具体情况转译成汉语的副

9、词，动词也可以在一定语境下转译成副词。例1 We must make full use of exiting technical equipment.我们必须充分利用现有的技术设备。（形容词转译为副词）例2 Direct marketing on the Internet needs to be conducted with particular care. 网上直接营销需要特别小心地进行。（形容词转译为副词）词性转换 4. 转译成副词 例3 He rejoiced to tell me that he was not involved in it . 他很庆幸地告诉我他没有被卷进去。（动词转

10、译为副词）词的增减 翻译时为了尽可能使译文的意义、语气、语态等切合原文，使译文更加准确、生动、易懂，更符合译语的表达习惯，常常要在译文中增加一些原文没有对应词的词或者在译文中不译出原文的某些词语。在翻译中无论是需要增加词语还是减少词语，往往是出于语法、语义和修辞的需要。词的增减 1. 根据语义或修辞需要增词 在翻译过程中，可以根据语义和修辞需要酌情在名词前面增加动词或解释性、描述性、渲染性等形容词，甚至可以改变原句的结构，使表达更具体、清楚、生动，更符合译语的表达习惯。另外，翻译时常常也需要把句子的社会背景或隐含的上下文背景内容补充出来。例1 Professor Li is really bu

11、sy this afternoon: 2 classes, a meeting, and an interview.李教授今天下午的确很忙，要上两节课，开一个会，还要接受一个采访。词的增减 1. 根据语义或修辞需要增词例2 But the customer database must be updated, not only with a full shopping history but keeping an eye on their lifestyles is vital to our marketing strategy.但是，顾客的数据库必须更新，不仅要有顾客的完整购物历史记录，而且对

12、顾客生活方式的关注对我们的销售策略也是至关重要的。词的增减 1. 根据语义或修辞需要增词例3 The time was 10:30, and traffic on the street was light.10点30分的时候，街上来往的车辆稀少了。例4 As the manager began talking, words poured out.经理一开讲，就滔滔不绝地讲个没完。词的增减 1. 根据语义或修辞需要增词例5 When you have driven a Jaguar once, you wont want to drive another car.只要你开过一次捷豹牌汽车，你就不

13、会再想开其他牌子的汽车了。词的增减 2. 根据语法需要增词 英汉语法差异很大，英语的时态都含有意义，在汉译时要根据语境需要添加含有时态意义的词语。英语的复数常以词尾的变化表示，汉译时往往需要增加表示复数的词语。为了使句子有较好的衔接和连贯，有时还需要在汉译时增加连接性词语。另外，为了表达需要，英汉翻译时，还需要增加量词和叹词。词的增减 2. 根据语法需要增词例1 Further, operating without a domestic source of supply in a major market like the USA was not and is not a sustainabl

14、e business model. 进一步说，没有国内资源供应的情况下，在像美国之类的主要市场里运作，过去不是，现在也不是一个可持续的商业模式。词的增减 2. 根据语法需要增词例2 He admitted there had been distribution problems.他承认曾经存在配送问题。例3 It seems that a successful businessman is full of energy.成功的商人似乎总是充满能量。词的增减 2. 根据语法需要增词例4 Increasingly, the nations high-tech industries are depe

15、nding on immigrants, engineers, scientists, and entrepreneurs to remain competitive in the global marketplace.这个国家的高科技产业正逐渐依靠移民、工程师、科学家以及企业家来保持其在全球市场中的竞争力。词的增减 2. 根据语法需要增词例5 The night shift should have been safely down the mine long ago.夜班工人本该早就安全下矿了。例6 This is a multinational company with operation

16、s in several countries and tens of thousands of employees performing a wide range of tasks.这是一家在数国都有业务而且拥有成千上万从事广泛业务的员工的跨国公司。词的增减 3. 根据语法需要省略词语 英语和汉语在语法方面有很大差异。汉语中没有冠词，代词、连词、介词用得也少，英语译成汉语时，这类词常常省略不译。词的增减 3. 根据语法需要省略词语 例1 If the first lot is good in quality, wed like to repeat the order and get a reg

17、ular supply from you. 如果第一批货质量好，我们将重复订单并长期要货。 例2 The group made a pre-tax profit of 1.05 million. 该集团创下税前利润105万英镑。词的增减 3. 根据语法需要省略词语 例3 Our offer is firm offer, and remains open for three days. 我们的报盘三天内有效。 例4 As you know, weve been doing business on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. 你知道，我们一直

18、在平等互利的基础上开展业务。词的增减 3. 根据语法需要省略词语 例5 I hope you will enjoy your stay here. 希望您在这儿过得愉快。 例6 It is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. 借助于想象与持不同偏见的人进行辩论，是一个很好的办法。 例7 Only those over 70 are eligible for the special payment. javascript:; 只有70岁以上的人才有资格领取这项专款。词的增减 4. 根据

19、语义或修辞需要省略词语 英汉翻译中，有时不删减某些词语，牺牲原句中一些次要的部分，译文就会显得累赘，影响整体意思的表达。对原文中某些词语的省略经常使译文读起来更流畅自然、简洁凝练，更加符合汉语表达习惯，更切合于原文的意思。词的增减 4. 根据语义或修辞需要省略词语例1 We dont have much time left. Lets go back.时间不早了，我们回去吧！例2 All your quotations are on FOB Vancouver basis. May I ask if you allow any discount?你方报的都是FOB温哥华价，请问你们给不给折扣?

20、例3 There are advantages in being a limited liability company.有限责任公司有一些优势。词的增减 4. 根据语义或修辞需要省略词语 例4 The average Irish woman working in the industrial sector is paid 65% than her male counterpart. 在爱尔兰工业部门工作的妇女，平均工资比其同岗位的男性少65%。 例5 Japanese companies provide on-the-job training as well as access to tec

21、hnical education. 日本公司提供岗位培训和技术教育。练习一、把下列句子译成汉语，注意词性转换。Brand can describe but is limitless, and the brand is to need to be protected but cant overdraw. 品牌是可形容的而不可限量的，品牌是需要呵护 而不可透支的。2. Tourism is up, jobs are up, individual income is up 旅游火了，岗位增多了，个人收入涨了。3. The plant never had a safety inspection in

22、the 11 years it was in operation. 该厂运营了11 年，但从未有过安全检查。练习一、把下列句子译成汉语，注意词性转换。4. Whats the price? I hope youll quote us favorably. 价格是多少？希望你报优惠价。5. We must avoid the damaging boom-bust cycles which characterized the 1980s. 我们必须避免那种破坏性的经济繁荣与崩溃周期，那 是20世纪80 年代的经济特点。 练习二、把下列句子译成英语，注意词性转换。你可以用信用卡直接从ATM机中取钱。

23、 You could withdraw cash from ATM with your credit card. 2. 特别是年轻人，希望工作与生活平衡。 Young people, in particular, expect work-life balance.3. 如果你购买价值5英镑的商品，可退还入场费。 The entrance fee is refundable if you purchase 5 worth of goods.练习二、把下列句子译成英语，注意词性转换。4. 他们目标在于把产品研制期缩短到十八个月内。 They aim to cut production lead t

24、imes to under 18 months.5. 很幸运，我们的顾客一直忠实于我们。Luckily our customers have remained loyal to us. 练习三、把下列句子译成汉语，注意词的增减。Why do you say we cant cut research budget? They had a big investment last year. 你为什么说我们不能消减研究的预算？他们去年得到了一大笔投资。2. Football is under threat from social changes, particularly from computer

25、 games, TV, video, stereo etc. 足球运动 受到 种种社会变化的威胁，尤其是来自电脑游戏、电视、录像以及 立体声音响 等的威胁。练习三、把下列句子译成汉语，注意词的增减。3. There is no sign that the world economic crisis will lessen in the next few months, although a certain degree of recovery is in sight. 尽管已经显示出一定程度的经济复苏，但是没有迹象 表明世界经济危机在未来几个月会减缓。4. Applicants who had worked at a job for five or more years would be given certain preference over those who had n