2020新课标高考英语语法专题讲解

1、新课标高考英语专题讲解第六讲：独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（AbsoluteConstruction）。注意：独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连词。一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。Suchanablemantohelpyou，youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater.（suchanableman和tohelpyou之间存在着主谓关系）=Sincesuchanablemanwillhel

2、pyou,youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater.Heseatinghimselfatthedesk,hismotherbegantotellhimastory.他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。（seatinghimselfatthedesk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”）=Whenheseatedhimselfatthedesk,hismotherbegantotellhimastory.Thekeytothebikelost,hehadtowalktoschool.由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。（lost的逻辑主语是thekey，los

3、t也可以用完成式havingbeenlost）=Becausethekeytothebikehadbeenlost,hehadtowalktoschool.A不定式“独立主格结构”在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。1动词不定式用主动的形式在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。Hismothertocometonight，heisbusypreparingthedinner.他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。（=Ashismotheristocometonight,h

4、eisbusypreparingthedinner.）willyougotothecomcerttonight你今晚去听音乐会吗？sorry.Somanyexerise-bookstocheck,Iriallycantaffordanytime对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。（BecauseIshallchecksomanyexercise-bookstonight,Ireallycantaffordanytime.）Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful

5、.(=Ifmanytrees,flowers,andgrassareplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.)2.过去分词“独立主格结构”与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样，如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。ThebookwritteninsimpleEnglish,Englishbeginnerswereabletoreadit.=AsthebookwaswritteninsimpleEnglish，Englishbeginnerswereabletoreadit.Thewor

6、kersworkedstillharder,theirlivingconditionsgreatlyimproved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。=Astheirlivingconditionsweregreatlyimproved,theworkersworkedstillharder.Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。=Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,andhiseyeswerefixedontheblackboar

7、d.二、with、without引导的独立主格结构介词with、without+宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。Awith+名词代词+形容词Hedoesntliketosleepwiththewindowsopen.他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。=Hedoesntliketosleepwhenthewindowsareopen.Hestoodintherain,withhisclotheswet.=Hestoodintherain,andhisclotheswerewet.注意：在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已

8、形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。Withhissonsodisappointing，theoldmanfeltunhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。Bwith+名词代词+副词Ourschoollooksevenmorebeautifulwithallthelightson.所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。=Ourschoollooksevenmorebeautifulwhenallthelightsareon.Theboywaswalking,withhisfatherahead.=Theboywaswalkingandhisfatherwasahead.Cwit

9、h+名词代词+介词短语Hestoodatthedoor,withacomputerinhishand.=Hestoodatthedoor,andacomputerwasinhishand.Dwith+名词代词+动词的-ed形式Withhishomeworkdone,Peterwentouttoplay.作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。=Whenhishomeworkwasdone,Peterwentouttoplay.Withthesignalgiven,thetrainstarted.信号发出了，火车开始起动了。=Afterthesignalwasgiven,thetrainstarted.Ewi

10、th+名词代词+动词的-ing形式Themanfeltveryhappywithsomanychildrensittingaroundhim.有这么多的孩子坐在他周围，那男子感到很高兴。=Themanfeltveryhappywhensomanychildrenweresittingaroundhim.Thegirlhidherboxwithoutanyoneknowingwhereitwas.小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。=Thegirlhidherboxandnooneknewwhereitwas.Fwith+名词代词+动词不定式Thelittleboylookssad,wit

11、hsomuchhomeworktodo.有这么多的家庭作业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心。=Thelittleboylookssadbecausehehassomuchhomeworktodo.高考试题独立主格结构有所给词的正确形式填空1.Withalotofdifficultproblems_(settle),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.2.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_(tie)behindhisback.3.Themeeting_(be)over,wealllefttheroomanddro

12、vehome.4.Weather_(permit),theywillgoandvisitthezoo.5.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_(go)on.6.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_(finish)fortheday.7.There_(be)notime_(leave),wehavetogetdowntobusinessrightaway8.She_(be)ill,Ihadtodoherworkinstead.9.Theboy_(lead)theway,wehadnodif

13、ficultyinfindingthehouse.10.Hissister_(come)here,heisveryexcited.非谓语专项练习一、用动词的适当的形式填空1.(2017江西一摸)Thesurveyofmorethan55,000students,_(conduct)byaresearchfirmUniversum,fondThatroughlyaquarterwanttoworkforaninternationalcompany.2.(2017吉林二模)Agoodmemoryisagreathelp,butitisnotenoughonly_(memorize)rulesfro

14、magrammarbook.3.(2018湖南质检)TherestcouldntwaittoviewthebeautifulG20hostcity,withabout40percentoftheorders_(book)thatweekend.4.(2017湖北质检)NextImadeanexperimentwithahouseplant,_uesapaperclip,Iattachedahard2-inchsquareofcardboardtoaleafontheplant,andthenwaited.5.(2018安徽二模)BritainsPrimeMinister.TheresaMay,

15、hasgivenavideoaddress,atradition_(start)in2014byherpredecessor.6.(2018全国一卷)Ittookyearsofwork_(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.7.(2018全国二卷)Still,theboykept_(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.8.(2019江西模拟)Whenitcomesto_(speak)inpublic,noonecanmatchhim.9.(2019湖南质检)_(fr

16、ee)ourselvesfromthephyiscalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerQuietness.10.(2019北京质检)Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout_(recognize)11(2019天津质检)Clearlyandthoughtfully_(write),thebookinspiresconfidencestudentswhowishtoseekTheirownanswers.12.(2019福建质检)_(know)basicfi

17、rstaidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.13.(2019陕西质检）Itsquitehottoday.Doyoufeellike_(go)foraswim?14.(2019山东质检)_(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidntwanttoeatthereagain.15.(2019原创题）Theboyfeelsexcitedwithsomanyplacesofinterest_(visit)二、单句改错1.(辽宁改编)Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshesoutside.2.(陕西改编)Felthungry,webuiltafirebythelakeandbarbecuedthefish.3.(广西改编)Heisntgoodattalkbuthegetsonwellwithotherpeople.4.(全国改编)Sheusedtogoingsailingonthelakewhenshewasachild.5.(陕西改编)Ialsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotostaking