值得借鉴：《战略管理》(1)ppt课件

1、战略管理Strategic Management公共管理学院 城市管理系 2003年9月第三讲 战略匹配 Strategic Match内外条件的分类 Classification of Internal and External Conditions优势Strengths: 竞争优势 competitive advantage+stable and healthy internal atmosphere稳定、安康的条件.弱势Weaknesses: 竞争弱势competitive disadvantages+an unstable and unhealthy internal atmosphe

2、re不稳定的内部条件一、优势和弱势Strengths and Weaknesses 1. 优势Strengths(1) 中心竞争力Distinctive competency (leverage): product design, low cost, high efficiency, leadership in product innovation, ability to influence legislation, control of cost and other, massive availability of capital, CRM-customer relations manage

3、ment.Examples: Toyotaquality; Benzimage, IBMservice; Coca Colainternational brand recognition; HPinnovation; AT&Ttechnological expertise.开发Developing a distinctive competency利用Exploiting distinctive competency维护Protecting distinctive competency1. 优势 Strengths(2)稳定器 stabilizers: maintenance strength

4、Fair wages and salaries; good working conditions;efficient employee hiring practices, promotion from within, a clear sense of mission, efficient work flow, availability of executive training program, effective superior-subordinate communication.组织正常运作的必要条件。2. 弱势 Weaknesses(1) 下沉者 Sinkers关键点出现大问题，灾难降

5、临。large hole in the ship structureShoddy workmanship or defective merchandise; poor customer service; bad location; disloyal employees, lack of product innovation, poor credit line; lack of leadership and managerial skills at the corporate level.(2) 动荡者Destabilizers 保证顺利航行内部权责不清Lack of clear job des

6、criptions, wide span of supervision, deviation from the companys policy of promotion from within; poor working condition; inadequate executive training program.3、如何判别优势和弱势？1、历史的规范 Historical Criterion特定条件下，将如今与过去的绩效进展比较。2、竞争的规范 Competitive Criterion和第一名相比，处于何种位置。3、名义的规范 Normative Criterion“How thing

7、s ought to be instead of with “how things are与最新的实际研讨成果相比。二、时机和要挟 Opportunities and Threats1. 时机 Opportunities市场增长等Growth of customer; exit of competitor; increases of suppliers, abundances of labor; few government regulations, population growth, cultural changes, lower inflation， favorable technolo

8、gical breakthroughs, improved political relations between a country and foreign nation with large market.2. 要挟ThreatsDecline in the size of the customer base, entry of a powerful competitor into the industry, decrease in the number of suppliers, increase in the cost of raw materials, shortage of lab

9、or, greater government regulations, adverse cultural trends, higher inflation rates, recession, higher unemployment rates, deterioration in the political relations between two countries, and so on. 1. 时机 Opportunities (1) 未来的时机 Future OpportunitiesEarly detection(2) 如今的时机 Current Opportunities-渐进性ev

10、olved opportunities;-突发性sudden opportunities;-潜在hidden opportunities.2. 要挟 Threats未来的要挟 Future Threats如今的要挟 Current Threats-渐进的 evolved threats-突发的 sudden threats-潜在的 hidden threats 3. 变要挟为时机 Turning threats to opportunities 决断力 Early recognition三、战略匹配 Strategic Match1. 杠杆力 Leverage-Strengths to Opportunities-Strategic window (window of opportunity2. 维持力 Maintenance-Strengths to Threats-maintain or protect their market position3. 局限力 Constr