专题04 阅读理解之文化教育类--备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（通用版）【解析版】

1、专题04 文化教育类序号内容Part 1题型总览题型综述 技巧点拨 读相关词Part 2真题感悟真题详解 强重难词 析长难句.Part 3专题强化真题自测 新题模拟Part 1题型总览【题型综述】文化教育主要指与文化学习相关的话题，指教育和学习中的困难、语言和交际的态度、学习方法和学习策略等方面。这些话题与学生的日常学习密切相关，通过这些话题的学习和考查，可以让学生了解学习方法和策略，激发学生学习语言、运用语言的热情。这类阅读材料的命题点往往落在细节理解及推断题或主旨大意题上。【技巧点拨】做推断题时，应该注意推断隐含意义的题干中常含infer(推断)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)

2、，indicate(暗示)，conclude(推断，得出结论)等词语。应该注意从以下几点做起：透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思注意对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。3. 定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。做主旨大意题时，应该注意弄清文章的大意， 关键是找到主题句。主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应， 有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。【读相关词】major vi.主修scholarship n. 奖学金ma

3、ster vt. 精通；掌握lecture n. 演讲accumulate v. 积累；积聚encourage vt. 鼓励grasp vt. 掌握reward vt. 奖励develop vt. 发展stand out 脱颖而出earn . by heart 背诵，记住educational background教育背景form a habit of养成的习惯have a good knowledge of通晓campus 校园canteen 餐厅laboratory/lab 实验室dormitory 宿舍school dining hall 学生食堂teaching building 教学

4、楼lecture theatre 阶梯教室the Students/student Union 学生会social practice 社会实践parttime jobs 兼职vacation jobs 假期工作prepare for lessons 预习功课put ones heart into 专心于concentrate on 全神贯注，专心于graduation ceremony 毕业典礼afterschool activities 课外活动voluntary labor 义务劳动physical activities 体育活动hold a sports meeting 举行运动会lea

5、rn .by heart /keep . in mind 记住keep a good mood in daily life在日常生活中保持良好的心态have a positive feeling 有积极的情感build up ones confidence 树立自信心a great challenge 一个巨大的挑战catch up with 跟上，赶上be faced with various pressures 面对各种压力be at a loss 不知所措be in trouble 处境困难lend/give sb. a hand 帮助某人make sense 有意义regard mon

6、ey as everything 认为金钱万能the real meaning of life 生活的真谛warm sunshine 温暖的阳光promote friendship with . 增进同的友谊be ready to help others 乐于助人help sb. out 帮助某人摆脱困境improve the relationship 改善关系cooperate vi. 合作；协力cherish vt. 珍惜accompany vt. 陪同；陪伴dilemma n. (进退两难的)窘境，困境develop ones interest培养某人的兴趣Part 2真题感悟Passa

7、ge 1【真题详解】【2020全国新课标I】Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the act of r

8、ereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, its all about the present. Its about the now and what one contributes to the

9、now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningways A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language i

10、s almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazars Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While

11、I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open furth

12、er as time passes. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.24Why does the author like rereading?AIt evaluates the writer-reader relationship.BIts a window to a whole new world.CIts a substitute for drinking with a friend.DIt extends the u

13、nderstanding of oneself.25What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?AIts a brief account of a trip.BIts about Hemingways life as a young man.CIts a record of a historic event.DIts about Hemingways friends in Paris.26What does the underlined word currency in paragraph 4 refer to?ADebt BReward.C

14、Allowance. DFace value.27What can we infer about the author from the text?AHe loves poetry. BHes an editor.CHes very ambitious. DHe teaches reading.【答案】24D25B26B27A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。24推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the

15、 act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重

16、新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。25推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。26词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indee

17、d wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。27推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortzars Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥科塔扎的拯救

18、暮光之城: 诗歌精选，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。【强重难词】familiarity n. 熟悉，精通；亲密；随便suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑；疑心；一点儿transformative adj. 变化的，变形的；有改革能力的 register v. 登记；（旅馆）登记住宿；挂号邮寄 n. 登记表；学校点名册；（老师对学生的）点名登记；登记注册；套准currency n. 货币；通货 annually adv. 每年；一年一次memoir n. 回忆录；研究报告；自传；实录intoxicating adj. 醉人的；令人陶醉的；使兴奋的ambitious

19、adj. 野心勃勃的；有雄心的；热望的；炫耀的poetic adj. 诗的，诗歌的；诗意的；诗人的ramble v. （在乡间）漫步，闲逛；漫谈，闲聊；n. （在乡间的）漫步，闲逛；look back on回顾；回忆contributes to 贡献；有助于【析长难句】1. Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. 【解析】本句中的Returning to a book是动名词做主语，book后面又跟了一个省略了that的定语从句youve read many times

20、。【译文】重读一本读了很多遍的书，感觉就像和老朋友喝酒一样。【仿句】_2. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.【解析】本句中的what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative是一个表语从句，且what担任表语从句的主语。【译文】这就是为什么重读的行为如此丰富和具有变化性。【仿句】_3.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is

21、 based on our present mental register. 【解析】本句中的the idea 后的that our bond with the work是同位语从句，同位语中的主语是our bond with the work ，其谓语is based on ，意思是以为基础。【译文】重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理区域之上的。【仿句】_4.But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.【解析】

22、本句中的含有一个强调you的强调句型，reread是重新读。【译文】但是记住，为了更好地理解朋友，你自己，需要成长、阅读、再阅读。【仿句】_Passage 2【真题详解】【2020全国新课标II】Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics de

23、velopment in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income, education and the amount of

24、parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles p

25、erformed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-i

26、ncome parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during pu

27、zzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.24In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?ABuilding confidence.BDeveloping spatial skills.CLearning self-control.DGaining high-tech knowledge.25What did Levine take into consideration when d

28、esigning her experiment？AParents age.BChildrens imagination.CParents education.DChild-parent relationship.26How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?AThey play with puzzles more often.BThey tend to talk less during the game.CThey prefer to use more spatial language.DThey are likely to play with t

29、ougher puzzles.27What is the text mainly about?AA mathematical method.BA scientific study.CA woman psychologistDA teaching program.【答案】24B25C26D27B【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。24细节理解题。根据第二段中found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之

30、间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。25细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for difference in parents income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和

31、父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。26细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。27主旨大意题。

32、本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。【强重难词】high-tech adj. 高科技的，高技术的；仿真技术的psychologist n. 心理学家，心理学者significant adj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的predictor n. 气象 预报器；预言者cognition n. 认识；知识；认识能力assess vt. 评定；估价；对征税rotate vi. 旋转；循环frequently adv. 频繁地，经常地；时常，屡

33、次math-related skills数学有关的技能interact with与相互作用patial skills可技能【析长难句】1. Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.【解析】此句是一个由but连接的并列复合句。第一个是if引导的条件状语从句；第二个分句中的puzzles help children with math-relat

34、ed skills是宾语从句，做said的宾语。【译文】如果一些父母亲认为高科技玩具对孩子有帮助，他们会购买任何高科技玩具，但研究人员称，智力游戏能帮助孩子提高数学技能。【仿写】_2. The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. 【解析】句中含有一个as引导的方式状语从句，interact with与互动，还含有一个and about h

35、alf of children in the study played with puzzles at one time.的并列句。【译文】父母被要求像往常一样与孩子互动，研究中大约一半的孩子同时玩拼图。【仿写】_3. The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spa

36、tial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.【解析】这是一个复合句。Found后面跟的是省略了that的宾语从句，宾语从句中的who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age是定语从句，修饰children；when assessed at 54 months of age是省略了主语和be动词的时间状语从句，完整句子是when they are assessed at 54 months of age。【译文】研究人员分析了53对儿童与父母在家中日常活动的录像，发现年龄在26个月至46个

37、月之间玩拼图的孩子在54个月时的空间能力更强。【仿写】_Part 3专题强化Passage 1【真题自测】【2018全国卷2】Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a b

38、ig part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the reports key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 per cent of 13-year-olds and 9 per cent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 per cent and 27 per cen

39、t respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children,ages 28,remain largely the same.But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined,from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading,

40、 the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence

41、 of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them,parents who read more often,and parents who set aside time f

42、or them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead,parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.1.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Childrens re

43、ading habits.B. Quality of childrens books.C. Childrens after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.2.Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?A. In Paragraph 2. B. In Paragraph 3.C. In Paragraph 4. D. In Paragraph 5.3.Why do many parents limi

44、t electronic reading?A.E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm childrens health.D.E-readers are expensive.4. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask them to write book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D

45、. Talk with their reading class teachers.【答案】1-4ABCA【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过研究发现,现在孩子们为了乐趣而进行阅读占比降低,并且告诉父母们应该给孩子们树立阅读的榜样,促使孩子们快乐地阅读等。1.A推理判断题。根据第一段的“Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun”和第三段、第四段以及第五段的内容,可知这个报告主要说明了孩子们的阅读习惯的情况。2.B细节理解题。结合第三段的“According to the reports key finding

46、s22 per cent and 27 per cent respectively today.”可知,本段中出现的from 8 per cent of 13-year-olds and 9 per cent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 per cent and 27 per cent这些数据证明了孩子们现在从阅读中获得的乐趣少了。3.C细节理解题。根据第五段的“It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about incr

47、eased screen time.”可知,父母们限制孩子们使用电子设备阅读,主要是因为日益增加的屏幕时间会影响孩子们的健康。4.A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.”可知,父母们给孩子们树立榜样会促使孩子们阅读。Passage 2【真题自测】【2016浙江卷】A scientist wor

48、king at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is, well, just playing.right? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists

49、(心理学家)have argued that this play is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls to the ground and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical

50、 objects interact(相互作用):bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experi

51、ments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the babys investigation and the scientists experiment appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the worl

52、d), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments

53、, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesnt like Dove chocolate.Viewing childhood development as a scientific inve

54、stigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world is simply somet

55、hing that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about fig

56、uring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.1.According to some developmental psychologists,.A. a babys play is nothing more than a gameB. scientific research into babi

57、es games is possibleC. the nature of babies play has been thoroughly investigatedD. a babys play is somehow similar to a scientists experiment2. We learn from Paragraph 2 that .A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differentlyB. scientists and babies often interact with each otherC. bab

58、ies are born with the knowledge of object supportD. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do3.Children may learn the rules of language by.A. exploring the physical worldB. investigating human psychologyC. repeating their own experimentsD. observing their parents behaviors4.What is the m

59、ain idea of the last paragraph?A. The world may be more clearly explained through childrens play.B. Studying babies play may lead to a better understanding of science.C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.D. Ones drive for scientific research may become stronger a

60、s he grows.5.What is the authors tone when he discusses the connection between scientists research and babies play?A. Convincing.B. Confused.C. Confident.D. Cautious.【答案】1-4 DDCBD【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有共同之处。1. D【解析】根据文章第一段的but some developmental psychologists (心理学家) have argued that this