状语从句 (2)

1、PAGE PAGE 7状语从句状语从句定义：用来充当状语的句子称为状语从句。功能：它主要用于修饰句子中的谓语动词、形容词或副词等，有时修饰整个句子。位置：状语从句的位置较活：可以放在主句之前，用逗号与主句隔开；也可以放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。由于它是从各个方面来修饰、说明谓语动词发生时的各种情况，所以常见的状语从句有九种之多。各种不同的状语从句所使用的关系词也各不相同。 状语从句类型：1）时间状语从句2）原因状语从句3）地点状语从句4）目的状语从句5）结果状语从句6）条件状语从句7）让步状语从句8）比较状语从句9）方式状语从句三时间状语从句1. 时间状语从句引导词：when, wheneve

2、r, as, while, before, after, until (till), since, each/every time, next time, the first time, by the time, as soon as, once, the moment, the minute, the instant, instantly, immediately, directly, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhen, 2. 用法指导：1)辨析：when, while, aswhen: 既可以引导时间段（when I lived there），也可以引导

3、时间点(when the film ended)；主从句的动作可以同时发生，或从句动作先于主句动作发生 sb was doing when正在做某事就在此时发生另一件事/sb be about to dowhen正要做就在此时发生另一件事/sb be on the point of doing when /sb had donewhen 刚做完某事就在此时发生另一件事 when 引导的从句为系表结构，且主从句主语一致时可以和as引导的省略句转换（when he was a young man=as a young man）引导条件状语从句，意为“既然”（How can you learn an

4、ything when you never listen to me carefully?）while: 只能引导时间段，侧重于主从动作的对比(Please dont talk so loudly while they are working)；主从句的动作可以同时发生，或主句动作在从句提供的时间段内发生 引导转折关系并列句，意为“然而”引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，必须置于句首。as: 通常表示主从句的动作同时发生或交替发生，意为“一边。一边”或“随着”（as time went on）引导原因状语从句 引导让步状语从句, 意为“虽然，尽管”，必须使用倒装句式（young as he

5、 is/ child as he is/ try as I might/ much as I traveled 表语，状语和实义动词前置）引导方式状语从句，意为“正如”（you look great as you are./ Leave the things on the desk as they are.）2)before用法：“在。之前” “还未来得及。就。”（We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired./Before I could say a word, he left.）“过一段时间才。”，主句通常为将来时或过去时（Itll be half a

6、year before I come back.）注意：before 从句中谓语不用否定形式；没有省略句式.3）since用法：引导时间状语从句，意为“自从”，主句常用完成时，表示时间段时亦可用一般现在时（It has been/is five years since he left hometown.）注意：since 引导It+ is+ 时间段+since+从句句式中，从句谓语动词为持续性动词，则意为“不做某事有一段时间了”（It is three years since he was in charge of the company._ 比较It is three years since

7、 took charge of the company._）;没有省略句式 引导原因状语从句4）辨析：when, since, before 和强调句型It is/was + 时间点 + when 那是在时发生的It is/has been +时段 + since 自从以来过了多久了It will be/was +时段 + before (现在时/过去时)要过/已经过了多久才It is /was +时间状语+that 就是在时间发生的某事，是强调句即时训练：（1）John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for the new job.（2）She h

8、ad just finished her homework _ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano.（3）Did they come back early yesterday？ Yes, it wasnt just eight _ they arrived home.（4）The house fell down _ he had the time to rush into it to save his son.（5）It is a year _ I worked here.（6）It was at eight _ they ar

9、rived home. A. when B. sinceC. that D. before5）until/till用法：until/till 意为“某动作一直持续到某时间点才结束” not until/till 意为“某动作直到某时间才开始或直到某时间才做某事” till引导的从句不可以置于句首6）no soonerthan/hardly（scarcely）when用法:时态：主句用过去完成时（had + pp）, 从句用一般过去时 倒装：no sooner/hardly/scarcely放句首，主句要部分倒装：（1）She had no sooner arrived at the stati

10、on than the train started to move._at the station than (改成倒装句式)（2）He had hardly entered the hotel when it began to snow._when it began to snow. (改成倒装句式)7) by the time 用法：时态：主句用过去完成时（had + pp）, 从句用一般过去时；主句用将来完成时（will have done）, 从句用一般现在时。到你到这儿的时候，我们就将完成这项工作了。_四原因状语从句1. 原因状语从句引导词：because, as, since, n

11、ow that(通常置于句首), when, considering(that), given(that), seeing(that), in thatConsidering hes only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well.考虑到他只学了一年英语， 他说得是很好的。Given that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job.考虑到他们缺乏经验，所以做成这样很不错了。注意：for引导表原因的并列句五地点状语从句1. 地点状语从句引导词：where, wherever

12、2. 辨析where引导的定语从句和状语从句Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. _Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. _医生建议我住在空气更为新鲜的地方。_六目的状语从句1. 目的状语从句引导词：in case, so that, in order that, for fear that（唯恐，害怕，担心）2. 用法指导： so that引导状语从句只能置于主句之后 in order that引导状语从句可放主句之前或之后目的

13、状语从句的谓语常含有can，could，may，might情态动词，这也是与结果状语从句的一个区别七结果状语从句1. 引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that, sothat, suchthat2. 用法指导：1）辨析：so that 引导的目的状语从句和结果状语主句 意义不同：目的状语从句意为“为了，以便”，结果状语从句意为“结果，以至于” 目的状语从句的谓语常含有can，could，may，might情态动词，而结果状语从句中通常没有。I got up early so that I caught the early bus._ / I got up early so that I cou

14、ld catch the early bus._2）辨析：sothat/suchthat引导的结果状语从句和soas/suchas引导的定语从句在sothat/suchthat引导的结果状语从句中成分齐全而soas/suchas引导定语从句中，as引导定语从句,d代替先行词在从句中做成分。He is so smart a boy _ I like very much. He is so smart a boy _ I like him very much.3)注意：当so, such 结构置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。So clever a student/Such a clever st

15、udent was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.八条件状语从句1. 条件状语从句引导词：if, as/so long as, unless, in case（如果）, Providing/provided (that), suppose/supposing (that), on condition that , given (that), when2. 用法指导： if等词引导的状语从句常和虚拟语气结合考察 if ever, if any等省略句式的应用九让步状语从句1. 让步状语从句引导词：though

16、 /although, even if /even though, no matter how(what, when, which, who, where)，however(whatever, whenever, whichever, whoever, wherever), as, while, whetheror（not）2. 用法指导：while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，必须置于句首 as引导让步状语从句, 意为“虽然，尽管”，必须使用倒装句式（young as he is/ child as he is/ try as I might/ much as I traveled

17、表语，状语和实义动词前置）though 引导让步状语从句可以倒装或者不倒，常用省略句式。although与though可互换，都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用 however/no matter how引导让步状语从句时后紧跟形容词或副词，whatever/no matter what从句后紧跟名词。十比较状语从句1. 比较状语从句引导词：than, asas 2. 用法指导：asas结构之间常用形容词或副词原级，还经常在其后跟有名词。It is generally believed that that teaching is as much as an art as it

18、is an science.人们普遍认为教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。十一方式状语从句方式状语从句引导词：as(正如), as if, as though(似乎，好像)用法指导：as if/as though引导的状语从句一般用虚拟语气，但陈述情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。十二状语从句中从句的省略现象：由as, once，when，while，till，until引导的时间状语从句;由if，unless，whether引导的条件状语从句;由though，although，even if，whatever引导的让步状语从句；由as，than引导的比较状语从句；由as，as if，as th

19、ough引导的方式状语从句都可以出现省略现象，当然应该遵循一定的规则：当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be, 保留谓语动词，如果省略的主语和动词为主动关系，动词用ing形式；如果省略的主语和动词为被动关系，动词用done形式；或保留形容词，介词短语等。Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use. Look out while crossing the street. He looked everywhere as if ( he was ) in search of something. He opened

20、his lips as if ( he were) to speak.状语从句专项练习1. After the war，a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when2. _ he took part in the competition, he won a second prize. A. For the first time B. At a time C. At one time D. The first time3. I would ap

21、preciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment. A. until B. if C. when D. that4. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ I heard the voices. A. as B. after C. while D. when5. The class went on with the story _ they had left it before the holiday. A. where

22、 B. which C. in which D. when6. The company has a free long-distance telephone number _ customers may call with any questions they have about its products. A. although B. as C. even if D. so that7. Is Mr. Smith in the office? Yes，_ he is in charge of the office，he must be there. A. since B. however

23、C. whetherD. for8. Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up _I could answer the phone. A. as B. since C. until D. before9. Dont look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages. Oh, yes. _ others are weak, he is strong. A. If B. When C. Where D. Though10. Today, we will begin _

24、we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. A. whenB. howC. whereD. what11. John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _ he phones. A. as long as B. in order to C. in caseD. so that12. _others say, the expert is sure that his theory is correct A. No matter B. It doesnt matter C. Whate

25、ver D. What13. Many places are flooded by heavy rainfalls, so they cant walk _ they like these days. A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever14. His father began to work _ his childhood. A. since B. before C. as early as D. while15. The roof fell _ he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.

26、 A. before B. as C. after D. until16. The thread of my kite broke and it flew away. I had told you it would easily break _it was the weakest A. when B. where C. unlessD. since17. The crowd started cheering _ he rose to speak. A. as B. since C. till D. where18. I had worked here _ you came here. But

27、I shall leave for England _. A. before long, before long B. before long; long beforeC. long before, before long D. long before; long before 19. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. before C. after D. when20. _ the Internet i

28、s bringing the distance between people, it may also be breaking some homes or will cause other family problems. A. When B. If C. As D. While21. Though he is in his sixties, _ he works as hard as a young man A. yet B. but C. and D. and yet22. The two girls look _ much alike _ no one can tell them apa

29、rt. A. so, that B. so, and C. as, that D. such, that23. John shut everybody out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. A. which B. when C. so that D. as if24. _ you may do，you must do it well. A. Which B. Whenever C. Whatever D. When25. Are you thinking about going to Ne

30、w York for the holiday? No. But if I _ the time，I would definitely go. A. have B. had C. have had D. would have26. _ you are so weak，youd better stay at home. A. Since B. For C. Because D. Though27. English and French are taught here. You can choose _ you like. A. no matter which B. whichever C. whi

31、ch D. whatever28. The problem wont be settled until we _ a chance to discuss it thoroughly. A. have had B. will haveC. will have had D. would have29. If you _ this experiment，you will understand the theory better. A. will be doing B. have done C. will have done D. would do30. _ you talk to someone o

32、r write a message，you show your skills to others. A. At times B. Some time C. By the time D. Every time31. Although he is considered a great writer, _. A. however his works are not widely readB. but his works are not widely read C. his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read

33、32. We should finish the important job, _. A. long it takes however B. it takes however long C. long however it takes D. however long it takes33. Why do you want to find a new job _ youve got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when34. He got excited at the news, _ I was calm. A. w

34、hen B. while C. because D. after35. Shall Brown come and play computer games? No, _ he has finished his homework. A. when B. if C. unless D. once状语从句巩固性练习36. Hardly had he arrived in Hong Kong _ she rang me up. A. when B. than C. that D. and37. _, he never seems able to do the work beautifully. A. T

35、ry as he may B. as he tries C. Try as does he D. As he does try38. Alice is moving to her new apartment next Saturday. I would be glad to help her, _ need some help. A. should she B. if she will C. if she D. if she might39. We will never give in _ they might do or say bout our plan. A. no matter how

36、 B. how C. whatever D. although40. I wonder if I _ time. If I _ time, Ill go with you. A. have；have B. will have; will have C. have；will have D. will have；have41. I really wonder _ he has posted me many packages _ we worked together. A. how；after B. why；when C. when；before D. why；since 42Thefamoussc

37、ientistgrewup_hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai. A.when B.whenever C.where D.wherever 43. Shefoundhercalculator_shelostit. A.where B.while C.inwhich D.that 44. Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings_youcanfindthemagain. A.when B.where C.then D.which 45. Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamark_youhaveanyq

38、uestions. A.atwhich B.atwhere C.theplacewhere D.where 46. So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel47. Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the vil

39、lagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize48. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardlyC. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had 49. _, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meet

40、ing. A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound50. I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident._ , lets go and see him.A. Whats more B. If so C. Where possible D. When necessary51. A beam of light will not bend round unless

41、_ to do so with the help of a reflecting device.A. having been made B. being made C. made D. you makeDid you return Freds call? I didnt need to _ I will see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. becauseSo sudden _ that the enemy had no time to escape.A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was

42、 the attack D. the attack wasI would like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea.A. as soon as B. so that C. in case D. as a result 55. It is reported that the USA uses _ the whole of Europe. A. twice as much energy as B. as twice as much energy C. twice as much as energy D. t

43、wice energy as much as 56. Some students dont know the language point _ they had never learned it. A. as if B. even if C. as for D. as to 57. _ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until58. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait for her mother.A. where B. what C. how D. who