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1、21世纪高等继续教育精品教材大学英语教程第四册主编 何晓勤 廖根福中国人民大学出版社MENUUnit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7Unit 8Unit 9Unit 10Unit 11Unit 12Unit 1PART Communication SkillsExpressing Likes and DislikesPART Text ABeijing OperaPART Text BChinese WushuPART Writing WorkParagraph Writing: How to Make a Topic SentenceExpress

2、ing Likes and DislikesPART Communication SkillsWords to Knowdormitory 学生宿舍melodious 旋律优美的Confucianism 儒学instructive 有教益的enlightening 有启发作用的,使人领悟的appeal to 投所好be fed up with 对厌倦cater to 迎合in particular 特别是Short ConversationsUseful Sentences & ExpressionsWhats your favorite book?你最喜欢什么书?I like footbal

3、l best.我最喜欢足球。He likes collecting stamps.他喜欢集邮。I love traveling by myself.我喜欢单独旅行。Some people enjoy skiing.有人喜欢滑雪。Id rather read than watch TV.我宁愿读书而不愿看电视。Which do you prefer, fishing or mountainclimbing?钓鱼和登山,你更喜欢哪一种?I prefer tea to coffee.和咖啡相比,我更喜欢茶。Hes crazy/mad about Yao Ming.他疯狂喜爱姚明。She has a

4、particular interest in painting.她特别爱好绘画。He has a passion for Buddhism.他很热衷于佛教。She is fond of teaching.她喜欢当老师。Does his film appeal to you?你喜欢他的电影吗?This magazine caters to her taste.她喜欢这本杂志。I find French movies more to my liking than American movies.我觉得法国电影比美国电影更合我胃口。I never grow tired of novels thoug

5、h I read them every day.我每天看小说,但从没厌烦过。He is not keen on modern dancing.他不热衷于现代舞。She hates boxing.她讨厌拳击。She is fed up with housework.她厌倦了做家务。She is sick of watching boxing.她厌恶观看拳击。What do you dislike most about this movie?这部电影里你最不喜欢什么?I cant bear/stand the traffic noise.我忍受不了交通噪音。Playing volleyball j

6、ust isnt my cup of tea.我不喜欢打排球。He doesnt care too much for classical music.他不太喜欢古典音乐。Useful Expressions and Phrases Relatedthe goal of education 教育目的university ( 综合性) 大学attach importance to education 重视教育science student 理科学生quality-oriented education 素质教育engineering student 工科学生exam-oriented educati

7、on 应试教育campus 大学校园cheat in exams 考试作弊bachelors degree 学士学位creative thinking 创造性思维masters degree 硕士学位study load 学习负担doctors degree 博士学位diploma 文凭educational reform 教育改革IQIntelligence Quotient 智商educational system 教育体制EQEmotional Quotient 情商adult education 成人教育the entrance exam 入学考试quality of teaching

8、 教学质量poverty-stricken students 贫困学生private school 私立学校teenager drop-outs 失学少年grant 助学金the Hope Project 希望工程scholarship 奖学金quit from school 辍学undergraduate 本科生be tired of school 厌学the cost of higher education 高等教育的费用research and publication 科研与著述tuition 学费elementary school 小学teaching assistant 助教midd

9、le school 中学part-time student 非全日制学生junior high school 初中school of business 商学院senior high school 高中MBA program 工商管理硕士课程course/program 课程study abroad 留学liberal arts 文科brain drain 人才流失liberal education 人文教育transcript 成绩单humanities 人文4-year path 四年制paper 论文cram ( 考前) 死记硬背thesis 毕业论文faculty ( 学校里的) 教职人

10、员Role-Play Oral PracticeBeijing OperaPART Text ANew Words and Expressionsreign 统治troupe 剧团integration 综合repertoire 剧目profound 深刻的,意义深远的incomparable 无与伦比的synthesis 综合mime 哑剧,模拟表演acrobatic 杂技的,特技的treacherous 背叛的percussion 打击乐器cymbal 铙钹embroidery 刺绣品aesthetic 美学的,审美的combine with 与结合engage in 从事,参与Langu

11、age Points of the Textnational treasure 国宝,国粹。with a history of 有年的历史。除with 外,还可以用动词enjoy 表示享有悠久的历史。China enjoys a history of five thousand years.中国享有五千年的历史。Troupe 剧团,指四处巡演的戏班子。combine with 与结合,与联合。Some films combine education with recreation.有些电影把教育与娱乐结合起来。theatric circle 戏剧界。 circle 有圈子的意思,代表了有同一兴

12、趣或活动的一群人。I have a circle of friends here.在这里我有一群朋友。well-known in artistic circles 在艺术圈里闻名。3. Through a period of more than half a century of combination and integration of various kinds of opera there evolved the present Beijing Opera, the biggest kind of opera in China, whose richness of repertoire

13、, great number of artists of performance and of audiences, and profound influence are incomparable in China. 这个长句是一个状语从句。从句首through a period of 到 kinds of opera 是句子的前置状语局部,交代了京剧形成的历史背景;从there evolved 到句末incomparable in China 是句子的主干局部,主语为the present Beijing Opera,主干中还包括了一个同位语the biggest kind of opera

14、 inChina,以及一个定语从句whose richness of repertoire, great number of artists of performance and of audiences, and profound influence。整句话讲的是京剧在当今中国的重要价值。combination and integration 融合和综合。evolve 使开展:逐渐开展或完成。evolve a style of ones own 逐渐形成了自己的风格。The British political system has evolved over several centuries

15、.英国政治体制是经过几个世纪逐步形成的。repertoire 常备剧目;又指某一个演员或剧团随时准备表演的全部歌曲、戏剧、歌剧、读物或其他作品。incomparable 无比的,无双的,无可匹敌的。This revised edition is incomparable with the earlier ones.这一修订本不可与先前的版本同日而语。synthesis 综合:把分别的元素或物质连接成连贯的一个整体。与combination 和integration 意思相近。analysis by synthesis 综合分析。stylized 程式化的, 按固定格式的。以-ize 结尾的单词

16、常表示“ 化 的意思, 如:globalize 全球化,modernize 现代化,urbanize 城市化等。depict 描写,描述,与represent 意思相近。The author is well-known for his depicting the horrors of war.这个作家因描述战争的恐怖而知名。treacherous 背叛的,不忠的(to),奸诈的。treacherous action 背叛行为。He was cruel, treacherous and unscrupulous.他残忍、奸诈、不择手段。manifest 显示:清楚地显示或表示;显现。He doe

17、snt manifest much interest in his studies.他表现出对学业没有多大兴趣。engage in 从事,参与。He has engaged in farming for 20 years.他从事耕作已有二十年。我们可以从此句中学习到很多中国传统事物的英文说法,如:才子佳人geniuses and greatbeauties,春秋、战国时代the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period。is that of 就是,可以说是。If I love you, what business is that o

18、f yours?要是我爱你,那关你什么事?melody 旋律,曲调;rhythm 节奏。classify 分类。类似的词还有group, categorize, sort 等。classify books by subjects 按学科将图书分类。accompany 陪伴,伴奏。在被动语态中,当指的是人时,用在accompany 后的介词传统上认为只能是by,而在其他情况下那么用with。The candidate was accompanied by six burly bodyguards.六个魁梧的保镖陪护着候选人。我们可以从此句中学习到很多乐器的英文说法,如:wind instrume

19、nts 管乐器,percussion instruments 打击乐器,stringed instruments 弦乐器,horn 喇叭,flute 长笛,gong 锣。graceful, magnificent, elegant and brilliant 都是形容华美的词。graceful 优美的, 雅致的;magnificent 华美的衣服,装饰等,豪华的;elegant 风雅的,雅致的;brilliant 鲜明的,鲜艳的。embroidery 刺绣;绣制品。be of 具有,到达某种水平。如:be of an age 到达做某事的年龄。aesthetic 美学的,审美的。如:the a

20、esthetic faculties 审美能力。facial make-up 脸谱。京剧里的脸谱有两种,一种是用颜料画在脸上的facial painting,另一种是面具mask,可以在瞬间“变脸。numerous 为数众多的;许多的。修饰单数集合名词,表示由多数人形成的,人数多的。修饰复数名词,表示许多的, 无数的。Comprehension of the TextChinese WushuPART Text BNew Words and Expressionsmartial 尚武的component 成分punch 用拳头猛击cleave 劈thrust 插,戳,刺mobility 活动性

21、,灵活性attain 到达,获得combat 战斗,搏斗sparring 拳击exhibit 展出,陈列demonstration 示范shift 转移,改变discipline 训练,修养recreational 休养的,娱乐的participate 参与,参加vie 竞争as such 照此,像这样first and foremost 首先,首要地adopt as 采用,批准Language Points of the Textcomponent 局部,成分,与element 意思相近。Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.

22、刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成局部。注意with 在这里引领的状语,可以使句子变得清晰利落。在介绍人或物时,如遇到定语过长或较复杂的情况,就可以考虑用with 将要说明的东西补充在主句后。literally 照字面地,逐字地。反义词:figuratively 比喻地,象征性地。punch 用拳头打击。I wanted to punch him for his betrayal.因为他的背叛,我想狠狠揍他一顿。thrust 插,刺,戳;猛推。He thrusted the dagger into the guards side.他将匕首刺进警卫的腰部。Related to each style are

23、 basic forms, or sequences, which may involve defense strategies, offense, retreat, mobility and immobility, speed and slowness, hard or soft postures, emptiness and fullness, with or without weapons. 本句使用了倒装的语序,强调basic forms, or sequences。正常的语序应该为basic forms, or sequences are related to each style.

24、defense 防守。构词:前缀de- 来自拉丁语,意为“away from,所以这个前缀的意义之一就是“离开,“别离。deport 驱逐出境;deduce 推断; derail 脱轨。Delete his name from the list of members.把他的名字从成员名单上除去。mobility and immobility 动与静。构词:im- 是表示否认的前缀,表示“不、“无、“非等否认意义。imbalance 不平衡的;immoral 不道德的;impossible 不可能的。表示否认的前缀除了im- 还有in-,il- 及ir-。区别如下:以字母b,m,p 开头的单词,

25、其否认前缀用im-。以字母l 开头的单词否认前缀用il-。如:illegal 不合法的;illogical 不合逻辑的。以字母r 开头的单词否认前缀用ir-。如:irrelative 无关系的;irregular 不规那么的。以其他字母开头的单词否认前缀用in-。如:inhuman 不人道的;incorrect 不正确的。attain 到达,获得。attain high office 获得高级职位;eventually attain wisdom 最终获取智慧。integral 构成整体所必需的;固有的。The kitchen is an integral part of a house.厨房

26、是房子不可缺的局部。as such 照此,像这样,就这一点而论。A name, as such, means nothing.姓名本身并无意义。first and foremost 首先,首要地。Hes written many different kinds of things, but hes first and foremost a novelist.他写过许多不同性质的东西,但他首先是位小说家。bear 关系,关联;相关的关系或内部联系。Those issues have no bearing on our situation.那些问题与我们的情况无关。combat 搏斗,搏斗。The

27、 combat between good and evil will continue forever.善与恶的斗争将永远继续下去。exhibit 呈现;呈现给他人看。意思与display, show 相近。He rolled up his sleeve to exhibit the scar.他卷起袖子露出伤疤。classify into 分类,分等。People who work in libraries spend a lot of time classifying books.在图书馆工作的人花大量的时间为书籍分类。armed (with) 武装了的,有准备的。The new batt

28、leship shall be armed with 16-inch guns.新战舰将以16 英寸口径的大炮武装起来。weaponry 总称武器,兵器,相当于weapons collectively。in terms of 按照,依据,用词句,从说来。He often talks about his girlfriend in terms of love.他经常用充满爱意的语言谈论他的女朋友。offensive and defensive 攻防兼具的。consist of 由组成。A week consists of seven days.一周由七天组成。demonstration 示范,实

29、证。She gave us a demonstration of the machine to show how it worked.她给我们作示范,说明怎样操作这台机器。shift 改变,转变。His eyes shifted to the telephone.他的目光转向了 机。discipline 训练;修养;磨炼:为具有某一特定性格或行为方式而进行的训练,尤指为在道德和智力上的进步改善而进行的训练。She never disciplines her children and they are uncontrollable.她从不管教自己的孩子,导致他们无法无天。recreational

30、 消遣的:属于或与娱乐有关的。There are few recreational facilities in our school.我们学校里几乎没有什么娱乐设施。adopt as 采用,批准。adopt a new idea 采纳新意见;adopt a constitutional amendment 通过一项宪法修正案。vie 竞争,与compete 的意思相近。They are old rivals vying with each other for first place.他们是彼此争夺第一名的老对手。Comprehension of the TextParagraph Writin

31、g: How toMake a Topic SentencePART Writing Work1. 主题句的构成和支配思想段落特别是论述文的段落大多由三局部组成:主题句、扩展句和结尾句。主题句或说明作者的观点、态度,或概括本段的主题思想,是段落开展的依据。主题句写得好坏与否,将直接决定一段文章的成败。主题句通常由主题Topic和主导内容Controlling Idea两局部组成。因此,我们在展开段落时,必须紧扣主题句中的主题,即写“什么或“谁,以及主导内容,即“怎么样这两个核心。2. 如何写好主题句首先,主题句要写得清楚明了。由于主题句是对本段落的中心思想和内容的概括,因此必须清楚,不能模糊其

32、辞。例如:To play any kind of musical instrument, one needs to know something about it.这个主题句范围写得太宽、太模糊其辞了。可改为:To play any kind of drum requires a good sense of rhythm.其次,主题句要恰如其分地概括本段文章的内容,既不宜太笼统, 亦不宜太过具体。如果概括的面太宽,那么不是一段话就能说清楚。反之,假设概括的面太窄,那么没有展开讨论的余地。例如:We bought a TV set yesterday.3. 主题句的位置主题句可以出现在一个段落的

33、任何地方,可以在段落的开始,也可以在段落的结尾,还可以在段落的中间,甚至可以隐含在段落中。但以西方人的线性思维方式,主题句大多位于段首。它开门见山地点出问题,便于作者紧扣主题;同时也方便读者迅速而有效地了解主旨,看清作者的意图。BACKUnit 2PART Communication SkillsExpressing Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction and ComplaintPART Text ATaj Mahal to Resume Night VisitsPART Text BSpotlight on CopenhagenPART Writing WorkPara

34、graph Writing: How to Develop a Paragraph(Description & Definition)Expressing Satisfaction/Dissatisfactionand ComplaintPART Communication SkillsWords to Knowresponsible 负责任的dependable 可依赖的,可依靠的bake 烘焙,烤panel 面板,嵌板,仪表板unreliable 不可靠的identification 身份recommend 推荐abridged 削减的,删节的unavailable得不到的,没有的fuss

35、 忙乱,大惊小怪Short ConversationsUseful Sentences & ExpressionsThatll be fine/ OK.可以的/ 行的。Its fine/ very nice/great/ perfect/ excellent.很好/ 棒极了。Its just what I wanted/ was looking for.这正是我想要找的。Yes, this seems to be just what I want.是的,这正是我想要的。This really isnt too bad.这还挺不错的。It couldnt be better.好极了。I woul

36、dnt want it more.我就要定它了。Im glad you liked / enjoyed it.我很快乐你喜欢。To tell the truth, I wasnt very satisfied with it.说实话,我不是很满意。Frankly, it is not as as I thought it would be.坦率地说,没我想像的那么。Its too boring/tiring/dry.太令人生厌了。Its so annoying.烦死人了。Its a bore doing做真烦人。I was a little disappointed.我有点失望。I wasnt

37、 very happy with it.我不太满意。It was quite disappointing.很令人失望。I hoped it would/could be better.我希望能更好些。He/she is always doing that!他/ 她总是这么做。What horrible luck!运气糟透了。I cant stand it when people 当人们时,我无法忍受。I do wish you wouldnt我真的希望你没就好了。Do you think you could?你看你能不能?Useful Expressions and Phrases Relat

38、edsatisfied 满意的 be wild about 对疯狂dissatisfied 不满意的be satisfied with 对满意perfect 完美的be pleased with 对感到快乐excellent 极好的 be keen on 对特别喜爱terrific 极好的be crazy about 对着迷pleasing 令人快乐的 be content with 对感到满意pleased 快乐的 disappointing 令人失望的superb 极致的disappointed 失望的magnificent 意义重大的boring 令人生厌的fantastic 绝妙的re

39、luctant 不情愿的splendid 美妙的 irritating 令人愤怒的marvelous 十分美好的 annoying 令人烦躁的fabulous 绝好的be dissatisfied with 对不满意love 喜爱be tired of 对厌烦enjoy 喜爱be fed up with 对烦透了satisfy 令满意complain about 抱怨dissatisfy 令不满意 be bored with 对感到厌烦Role-Play Oral PracticeTaj Mahal to Resume Night VisitsPART Text ANew Words and

40、Expressionssecurity 平安monument 纪念碑initially 最初,开头emperor 皇帝,君主announcement 宣告,发表official 官员,公务员celebrate 庆祝,祝贺,举行anniversary 周年纪念tourism 观光事业,游览minister 部长,大臣ensure 保证,担保,使平安,保证得到romantic 传奇式的,浪漫的highlight 精彩场面,最显著局部ban 禁止,取缔书刊等authority 权威,权威人士,权力,职权reluctant 不情愿的,勉强的,难得到的,难处理的expression 表达reflect

41、反射,反映,表现impact 对发生影响across the globe 全世界terror attack 恐怖袭击blow up 爆炸,炸毁Language Points of the Textbe to do sth. 表示按方案或安排要做的事。When are you to leave for home?你什么时候回家?这种结构也可用于过去。was / were to do sth. 表示曾经方案要做的事,但不说明方案是否被执行,或表示“命运即命中注定要发生的事,而非方案;was / were to have done sth. 表示未曾实现的方案。four nights a month

42、 一个月四晚。一个月n 次是n times a month, 但要注意的是一个月一次是once a month, 一个月两次是twice a month。此句中built which was built, 是过去分词作非限制性定语,前后要用逗号隔开。The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的,受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。each night 可用every night 代替。each 和every 两者都有“每个的意思,但用法不同。1 each 指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个;eve

43、ry 是指三个以上的人或事物的“全体,与all 的意思相近。He gave a book to each of his parents.他给他父母各送了一本书。2 each 作为形容词时,修饰单数名词,接单数动词;作为代词时,单独使用,接单数动词;放在复数名词和代词后作同位语时,接复数动词。each of them 后可接单数或复数动词。every 总是修饰单数名词,后接单数动词。Each man carries his own bag. 修饰单数名词各人背自己的包。as 作“当的时候解,引导时间状语从句,强调两个动作同时发生,或某事一发生时另一事立即发生。Did anybody notice

44、 him as he went into the meeting room?当他走进会议室的时候,有没有人留意到他?describe sth. as 把描述为。I should describe the attempt as a failure/as unsuccessful.这项尝试我视为失败/ 没成功。reopen 重开,再开始,再开。reopen 由前缀re- 和动词open 构成。前缀re- 表示“再一次,重新,如:retell, rewrite。ensure 确保,担保。ensure 由前缀en- 和形容词sure 构成。en- 加在一些名词前面,能够使该名词变为相应的动词,意思是“

45、使处于状态,使成为,如:enslavev. 使成为奴隶,奴役,endangerv. 使处于危险之中,危害等。en- 也可以与形容词结合,使该形容词变为动词,如 :enlargev. 放大,扩大, endearv. 使受喜爱, enrichv. 使富裕, enablev. 使能够)等。attack 攻击,进攻。The commander decided to attack the enemy on both flanks.指挥官决定从两侧对敌人发起进攻。highlight 最突出的局部,最精彩的局部。The ball was the highlight of the London season.

46、那次舞会是伦敦社交活动时期的高潮。be reluctant to 勉强,不情愿。This is a soil reluctant to the plough.这土地很难耕作。draw up 草拟。I was assigned to draw up the first draft of the report.我被指派草拟报告初稿。air attack 空袭。The air bases were subjected to intense air attack.这些空军基地曾遭受猛烈空袭。blow up 爆炸,炸毁。Blow the bridge up.炸毁这座桥。expression 表达,表示。

47、Let this plaque serve as an expression of our esteem.让此碑来表达我们的敬意。be made of 用造成。be made from 也有“由构成的意思。二者的区别是:be madeof 表示由成品能看出原材料,也就是物理变化;be made from 那么表示由成品看不出原材料,也就是化学变化。The table is made of wood.桌子是由木头制成的。likely 是“可能,也许的意思,与possible, probable 意思相近,但用法上有区别。1 likely 强调外表上看来有可能,与probable 意思接近,有时可

48、以互换,但likely 常暗示从外表迹象来判断,probable 那么经过权衡正反两方面的理由后而相信某事是真实的或大概会发生。常用结构有:Sb. is likely to do sth. 和 It is likely that.。2 possible 表示客观上潜在的可能性,也许实际发生的可能性并不大。possible 一般不用表示人的词作主语,但假设要用表示人的词作主语,possible 后接不定式,这个不定式动作的逻辑宾语应是句子的主语,但此时的possible 已经转意为“容易的。常用结构有: Itis possiblefor sb.to do sth. 和 It is possibl

49、e that.。3 probable 表示有几分根据的推测,比possible 表示的可能性大。换句话说,probable 的“有可能,是指有实际的依据或逻辑上符合情理。一般不用表示人的词作主语。常用结构有:Sth. is probable. 和It is probable that.。Comprehension of the TextSpotlight on CopenhagenPART Text BNew Words and Expressionsharbor 海港fantasy 梦想,白日梦attractive /吸引人的,有魅力的castle 城堡atmosphere 大气,空气,气氛

50、scale 刻度,尺度explore 探险,探测,探究declare 断言,宣称,宣布,宣告,声明pollution 污染,玷污palace 宫,宫殿however 无论如何,可是,仍然,究竟invade 侵略,侵袭,拥入aim 对瞄准surrender 投降,自首origin 起源,由来destroy 破坏,毁坏,消灭structure 结构,构造,建筑物concert 音乐会comedy 喜剧,喜剧性的事情in search of 寻找step into 进入watercolor painting 水彩画take in 顺便观看电影或参观博物馆等Language Points of the

51、 Textchange ones mind 改变决定或意见。Nothing will make me change my mind.任何事情都不能使我改变主意。sit 是“坐落的意思。表示位置的词还有situate, locate, stand 等。When does the court of law sit?法庭在哪里?in search of 寻找。They came here in search of new markets for their products.他们来此为他们的产品寻找新市场。habor 海港,港口。第二次世界大战中的珍珠港是Pearl Harbor。The storm

52、-beaten ship at length attained the harbor.那艘受到暴风雨袭击的船终于抵港。attractive 有吸引力的,引起注意的,引起兴趣的,有迷惑力的。The store disposed the jewellery in an attractive display.那间商店把珠宝首饰陈列得琳琅满目。dream-like 意为“梦一般的,梦幻的,是由“名词+ 形容词构成新的复合形容词。英语中有很多这样的复合形容词,如:fat-free 不含脂肪的,toll-free 不交费的,maintenance-free 无须维修的,dust-free 无尘的,inte

53、rest-free 无息的,care-free 无忧无虑的,nuclear-weapon-free无核武器的,line-dry 一晾就干的,world-famous 闻名世界的,stone-deaf 完全聋的,life-long终生的,grass-green 草绿色的,bloodthirsty 嗜血成性的,dog-tired 累极了的,homesick 想家的,threadbare 穿旧的,heartsick 沮丧的。step into 进入。She got early promotion by stepping into dead mens shoes.她因补缺而得以提早晋升。waterco

54、lor painting 是水彩画。油画是oil painting。He attained perfection in watercolor painting.他的水彩画到达了炉火纯青的地步。human scale 人类尺度,人性化。It is a company on a human scale.那是一家很人性化的公司。explore 勘探,探测;探究,探索。Caving means exploring the passages underneath the hills.洞穴探险是指探察山中的通道而进行的活动。declare 断言,宣称;宣布,宣告,声明;申报。The Prime Minis

55、ter declared his intention in the speech.首相在讲话中声明了自己的意图。stroll 闲逛,漫步。The newly married couple strolled hand in hand in the park.这对新婚夫妇手牵手在公园漫步。away from 远离,离开。Music washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life.音乐从灵魂上洗去日常生活的灰尘。on duty 上班,值班。There were over 100 police on duty at the demonstrati

56、on.游行期间有100 多名警察值勤。however 是英语中常用的转折词,意为“可是,仍然,无论如何,不管怎样,可放在句首、句中和句尾。That hotel is undoubtedly a well-furnished hotel, however, they serve a poor apology for decentmeals.那家饭店装饰得确实够水平, 不过其饭菜的质量却有名无实。for show 为了炫耀,为了装门面。This antique tea service is just for show.这套古董茶具只是用来炫耀的。invade 侵入,侵略,侵袭,拥入。The gen

57、erals decision to invade was a costly mistake.将军作出的入侵决定是个代价沉重的错误。aim 瞄准,对准。He aimed his gun at the target, fired and missed it.他用枪瞄准目标开火,却没有打中。both sides 两面,两边。Both sides offered statistics to bolster their arguments.双方都拿出统计数字来支持各自的论点。surrender 投降,自首。The enemy were forced to make an unconditional su

58、rrender.敌军被迫无条件投降。almost 几乎,差不多。The school was attended almost entirely by local children.上这个学校读书的几乎全是当地的孩子。destroy 破坏,毁坏;消灭;打破,使失败。The ancient town was literally destroyed by a big fire.这座古老的城市完完全全毁于大火。date from 始于,起源于,可以追溯到,与date back to 同义。When did this mistake date from/ back to?这段错误要追溯至何时?have

59、fun 玩得开心。The party is really neat. We have good fun.这次聚会真是美妙极了。我们玩得非常开心。take in 有“顺便观看电影或参观博物馆等之意。His little sister wanted to go with him to take in a film.他的小妹妹想跟他一起去看电影。fairy tale 神话故事,童话,谎话。The child devours fairy tales.这孩子专心地听着童话故事。Comprehension of the TextParagraph Writing: How to Develop aPara

60、graphPART Writing Work一、描述法Description1. 按程序或步骤描述用于描述制作程序、操作步骤或实验过程等。描述程序应严格按程序发生的先后来组句和开展段落。描述程序时使用的承接词与列举法相同,如:first, second/then, third/next, finally 等,但顺序不可颠倒。2. 按时间顺序描述主要用于讲故事、表达某人的一生或某段经历以及事物的发生、开展和变化等。像程序描述法一样,它实际上也是列举法的一种特殊形式,是一系列事件按照时间顺序的排列。其表达方式可用顺序承接词,如:first,second 及the next thing,the ne

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