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1、 20101Powered Industrial Truck Safety ManagementModule 1机动工业卡车安全管理机动工业卡车安全管理 单元单元 12What is a powered industrial truck?什么是机动工业卡车？nA powered industrial truck is a mobile, power-driven vehicle used to carry, push, pull, lift, stack, or tier materials. 机动工业卡车是一种用于运送、推、拉、抬举、堆积或层叠材料的电力驱动的可移动车辆。Vehicles u

2、sed for earth moving, over-the-road haulage, or vehicles covered by other OSHA standards are not considered powered industrial trucks. 用于推土、公路长途拖运的车辆或其他OSHA标准涉及的车辆都不是机动工业卡车。3Examples of Powered Industrial Trucks机动工业卡车举例nlift trucks 起重机车nclamp trucks 抱车nmotorized hand trucks 机动手推车nplatform lift truck

3、s 平台起重机车nhigh lift trucks 高叉车norder picker trucks 拣选车nrough terrain lift trucks 粗糙地形叉车nlog handlers 木材搬运车nshortwood / pulpwood loaders 短木/纸浆木装载机4Truck Classifications机车分类机车分类nClass 1 - Electric motor, sit-down counterbalanced rider trucks 分类1 - 电动坐式平衡搭乘机车nClass 2 - Electric motor narrow aisle trucks

4、 分类2- 电动窄道机车nClass 3 - Electric motor hand trucks or hand/rider trucks 分类3 - 电动手推车或手推/搭乘式机车nClass 4 - Internal combustion engine trucks (solid tires) 分类4 - 内燃引擎机车（实心轮胎）nClass 5 - Internal combustion engine trucks (pneumatic tires) 分类5 - 内燃引擎机车（充气轮胎）nClass 6 - Electric and internal combustion engine

5、tractors 分类6 - 电动和内燃引擎牵引机nClass 7 - Rough terrain forklift trucks 分类7 - 粗糙地形叉车5Class 1 - Electric motor, sit-down counterbalanced rider trucks 分类1 - 电动坐式平衡搭乘机车6Class 2 Narrow Aisle Truck分类2 窄道机车Reach Truck前移式叉车前移式叉车Order Picker拣选车拣选车7Class 3 Powered Pallet Truck 分类3 电动拖板车Walk-Behind 后操纵式Rider 搭乘式操纵8

6、Class 4 Internal Combustion Engine Truck (LPG)分类4 内燃引擎机车(液化石油气)Solid Tires实心轮胎9Class 5 Internal Combustion Engine Truck (Gas)分类5内燃引擎机车(汽油)Pneumatic Tires充气轮胎10Class 5 Internal Combustion Engine Truck (Diesel)分类5 内燃引擎机车(柴油)Pneumatic Tires充气轮胎11Class 6 Internal Combustion Engine Tractor分类6 内燃引擎牵引机12Cl

7、ass 7 Rough Terrain (Extended Reach)分类7 粗糙地形(延伸式)13Not Considered Powered Industrial Trucks 下列车辆不被认为属于机动工业卡车(but still may require training under other standards)（但在其他标准下仍有可能要求培训）noverhead, gantry, and crawler cranes 桥式、龙门式和履带式起重机nearth-moving equipment 推土设备nfarm equipment 农用设备naerial lifts 空中缆车nscr

8、ubber / sweeper type vehicles 洗地机/扫地机类车辆ndump / dumpster trucks 自动倾卸卡车/垃圾站卡车nskid steer loaders (bobcats) 滑移式装载机（山猫）nwinch trucks 绞盘车npersonnel and burden carriers 人员及货物运输车14Why should I be concerned?我为什么要担心？nInternational Paper has experienced several incidents involving IP employees (operators and

9、 pedestrians) within our company, involving powered industrial trucks or the premature departure of trailers. 国际纸业发生了几起涉及公司内员工（操作工和行人）的事故，这些事故是由机动工业卡车或拖车的提前离开造成的。nPowered industrial trucks have been a source of serious injuries throughout industry. 机动工业卡车一直是整个行业造成重大事故的原因。15Module Outline 单元要点nCompan

10、y Policy公司政策nTraffic Flow Risk Assessments交通流动风险评估nPedestrian Safety行人安全Part I第一部分Company policy公司政策17Training Requirements培训要求nEmployees may not operate powered industrial trucks until they have successfully completed the required training员工顺利完成要求的培训后，才可以操作机动工业卡车。nTraining must consist of a combina

11、tion of: 培训必须包括以下内容： 1.formal instruction; 正式指令；2.practical exercises (demonstrations and hands-on exercises); and 实践练习（演示和操作练习）和；3.Evaluation 评价Training Requirements培训要求nSupervisors of lift truck operators must complete the IP Lift Truck Safety and Certification Course (hands-on skills evaluation n

12、ot required), or other approved coursen叉车操作工主管必须完成IP叉车安全认证课程或其他批准的课程。（不需要动手的技能评估）1819Training Requirements (continued)培训要求 （续）nPersons who conduct training evaluations must have the knowledge, training, and experience to train operators and evaluate their competence.执行培训评估的人员必须具备培训操作工和评估其技能的相关知识、培训和

13、经验。nThe initial training must consist of the following: 初始培训必须包括以下内容：1.truck-related topics; 机车相关主题；2.workplace-related topics; and 工作地点相关主题；和3.training requirements 培训要求201, Truck-Related Topics 机车相关主题nOperating instructions, warnings, inspections, and precautions listed in the manufacturers operat

14、ing/user manual 制造商操作/用户手册中列出的操作说明书、警告、检查和注意事项。nDifferences between the truck and an automobile 机车与汽车的差异nTruck controls and instrumentation 机车控制装置及仪器仪表nEngine or motor operation 引擎或马达操作nSteering and maneuvering 转向与操纵nVisibility (including restrictions due to loading) 可见度（包括装货限制）nFork and attachment

15、adaptation, operation, and use limitations 车叉及属件适用性、操作和使用限制nVehicle capacity and stability 车辆容量与稳定性nInspection and maintenance that operator must perform 操作工必须执行的检查和维护nRefueling and/or charging of batteries 电池的加油和/或充电nOperating limitations 操作限制212, Workplace-Related Topics工作地点相关主题nSurface conditions

16、 where the vehicle will be operated 车辆运行的地面情况nComposition of loads to be carried and load stability 运送货物的组成与货物稳定性nLoad manipulation, stacking, and unstacking 货物的操纵、堆积和卸垛nPedestrian traffic in areas where the vehicle will be operated 车辆运行区域的行人交通nNarrow aisles/restricted places where truck will be ope

17、rated 机车运行的窄道/受限区域nHazardous (classified) locations where the vehicle will be operated 车辆运行的危险（分类）地点nSloped surfaces that could affect the vehicles stability 影响车辆稳定性的斜面nClosed environments and other areas where insufficient ventilation or poor vehicle maintenance could cause a buildup of carbon mono

18、xide or diesel exhaust 封闭环境和其他因通风不良或车辆维护不善引起一氧化碳或柴油尾气累积的区域。nOther unique or potentially hazardous environmental conditions in the workplace that could affect safe operation 工作场所中会影响安全操作的其他特殊或潜在的危险环境条件223, training requirements 培训要求Refresher Training 重新培训nWorkplace operator evaluations must be conduc

19、ted on an annual basis to evaluate operator competence. 必须每年对工厂操作工进行评估，以评估操作工的技能。nSupervisors of lift truck operators must complete refresher training every 3 years (hands-on skills evaluation not required) 叉车操作工主管必须每三年再培训（不需要动手的技能评估）233, training requirements 培训要求Refresher Training 重新培训nRequires re

20、fresher training when:以下情况发生时，要求重新培训：nOperator observed operating the vehicle in an unsafe manner;发现操作工车辆操作不安全；nOperator involved in an accident or near miss incident;操作工发生事故或未遂事故；nOperator receives an evaluation indicating unsafe operation;对操作工的评估表明操作不安全；nOperator is assigned to drive a different t

21、ype of truck; or 指派操作工驾驶另一种机车；或nCondition in the workplace changes that could impact the safe operations of powered industrial trucks工作地点的条件改变会影响机动工业卡车的安全操作。243, training requirements 培训要求Evaluations 评估nan evaluation of each powered industrial truck operators performance shall be done at least once

22、every three years对机动工业卡车操作工的表现至少每三年进行一次评估。nSample workplace evaluation checklist provided in Appendix D of the IP Lift Truck Safety and Certification Course 工作地点评估清单范例参见国际纸业叉车安全与认证 课程之附录D253, training requirements 培训要求Certification 认证neach operator has been trained and evaluated每名操作工都按要求受到培训和评估。nThe

23、 certification must include:认证必须包括：nname of the operator; 操作工姓名；ndate of the training; 培训日期；ndate of the evaluation; and 评估日期；和nidentity of the person(s) performing the training or evaluation 执行培训或评估人员的身份。Part II第二部分Traffic Flow Risk Assessments交通流动风险评估27Traffic Flow Risk Assessment交通流动风险评估nPURPOSE:

24、 Evaluate the interaction between pedestrians and powered industrial trucks. 目的：评估行人与机动工业卡车之间的相互影响。nSelect an assessment team 选择一个评估小组nEstablish boundaries 划定边界nConduct risk assessment 执行风险评估nMake recommendations 给出建议nDevelop a corrective action plan 制定纠正行动计划28Evaluation Team 评估小组组成nManagement leade

25、rship管理领导团队nLift truck operators叉车操作工nLift truck trainer(s)叉车培训师nSafety/behavior committee members安全/行为委员会成员nOthers who work in the area such as pedestrians 其他该区域的工作人员，例如：行人。29Exposure Control Hierarchy暴露情况控制层次体系 nThere is a hierarchy of control strategies for managing exposures有一个管理暴露情况的控制策略层次体系。nT

26、o effectively control exposure:有效地控制暴露情况：nEliminate Exposure 消除暴露情况nIsolate Exposure 隔离暴露情况nMinimize or Reduce Exposure 最小化或降低暴露情况30Eliminate the Exposure消除暴露情况nEliminating the exposure is the most effective control strategy and should always be the first control method considered for each exposure.

27、 消除暴露情况是最有效的控制策略，并应该一直被认为是每个暴露情况的第一控制办法。Eliminate the Exposure (continued)消除暴露情况（续）32Isolate the Exposure 隔离暴露情况nIf exposure cannot be eliminated, then isolation should be considered如果不能消除暴露情况，则应考虑将其隔离。nIsolating the exposure through engineering controls such as guarding or barriers is a second leve

28、l control.通过工程控制装置来隔离暴露情况，例如：防护装置或屏障，这是第二级控制。Second level controls may require multiple control strategies:第二级控制可能要求多种控制策略：nGuarding 护栏nTraining 培训Isolate the Exposure (continued)隔离暴露情况（续）nCreated guarded pedestrian walkway along traffic aisle沿交通通道建立行人走道防护装置。nShortened existing office by 3 feet to p

29、rovide room for walkway 缩短现有的办公室3英尺，提供走道空间。Isolate the Exposure (continued)隔离暴露情况（续）Isolate the Exposure (continued)隔离暴露情况（续）nInstalled physical barrier between scrap baler and traffic aisle在废纸打包机和交通过道之间安装物理屏障。nCurtain is for dust control 窗帘用于防尘控制。Isolate the Exposure (continued)隔离暴露情况（续）nPhysical b

30、arrier around door leading into warehouse仓库门附近安装物理屏障。nBarrier also protects pedestrians from load mishaps 屏障也可以保护行人免受货物造成的伤害。37Minimize/Reduce the Exposure最小化/减少暴露情况nIf the exposure cannot be eliminated or effectively isolated, the third control is to reduce the exposure through administrative or en

31、gineering controls.如果暴露情况无法消除或有效隔离，第三级控制是通过行政或工程控制手段减少暴露情况。nMinimizing or reducing the exposure through administrative or engineering controls always requires multiple control strategies.通过行政或工程控制手段最小化或减少暴露情况通常要求多种控制策略。nsafe work practices 安全工作实践nfrequent observations 频繁观察38Examples of Minimizing/re

32、ducing Controls 最小化/减少暴露情况的控制示例nPolicies & Procedures政策与程序nTraining培训nReinforcement/Enforcement强化/实施nPersonal Protective Equipment (PPE)(reflective vests)个人防护装备（PPE）（反光背心）nSigns and Warnings 标识与警告39Minimize/Reduce the Exposure (continued)最小化/减少暴露情况（续）Must Activate Warning Light Before Entering Aisle

33、进入过道前必须启动警示灯进入过道前必须启动警示灯Physical Barrier物理屏障物理屏障 Activates when door opens门开时启动门开时启动Examples of Signs标识示例标识示例Physical Separation Not Possible in All Situations物理隔离不可能适用所有情况物理隔离不可能适用所有情况Painted lines designate PIT aisle画线指定画线指定PIT过道过道Physical Separation Not Possible in All Situations物理隔离不可能适用所有情况物理隔离

34、不可能适用所有情况Designated Walkway指定走道指定走道Can we make pedestrian more visible?我们能否使行人更明显？我们能否使行人更明显？Watch for falling objects!注意坠落的物体！注意坠落的物体！Minimize/Reduce the Exposure最小化/减少暴露情况nOverhead doors into warehouse高架门进入仓库nNo pedestrians allowed禁止行人通过nTrucks must STOP and sound horn before passing through door

35、机车进门前必须停车并按响喇叭。Minimize/Reduce the Exposure (continued)最小化/减少暴露情况（续）46PIT Traffic Flow Evaluation机动工业卡车交通流动评估nAt a minimum: 至少：nseparate vehicle and employee traffic; 将车辆与行人交通分开；nreview traffic flow patterns; 审核交通流动模式；nanalyze visibility (obstructions, blind spots, lighting, need for mirrors, etc.);

36、 分析可见度（障碍物、盲点、照明、需要镜子等）；ndesignate clearly marked pedestrian walkways/crosswalks; 指定清晰标记的人行道/人行横道；nreview driver, employee, contractor, and visitor training; and 审核司机、员工、承包商和访客培训；和ndevelop systems for frequent audits and observations 制定经常的审核与观察系统。47PIT Traffic Flow Evaluation机动工业卡车交通流动评估nDocument ev

37、aluation process记录评估过程nmaintain copy of the evaluation protocol保留评估协议副本ndocument improvement actions taken记录采取的改善行动nRetain documentation until superceded 保留记录直至被取代Part III第三部分Pedestrian Safety行人安全A 100 pound person will always lose to a 9000 pound lift truck!一个一个100磅的人会永远败给一辆磅的人会永远败给一辆9000磅的叉车！磅的叉车！

38、A 200 pound person will always lose to a 9000 pound lift truck!一个一个200磅的人会永远败给一辆磅的人会永远败给一辆9000磅的叉车！磅的叉车！A 300 pound person will always lose to a 9000 pound lift truck!一个一个300磅的人会永远败给一辆磅的人会永远败给一辆9000磅的叉车！磅的叉车！PIT vs PEOPLE机动工业卡车与人(a lesson in physics)（一堂物理课）50Pedestrian Safety (continued)行人安全 （续）nLif

39、t trucks require long distances to stop叉车需要较长距离停止nMay not be able to stop if you step into their path如果你进入行驶车道，叉车可能无法停止。nWhy? 为什么？nMuch heavier than cars and pick-up trucks (10X heavier) 比一般车辆和轻运货车重得多（重十倍以上）nUsually only have brakes on two wheels 通常只有两个车轮有制动nUsually operate on smoother surfaces than

40、 autos 通常行驶路面比一般汽车光滑51Pedestrian Safety (continued)行人安全 （续）nThe operator of a lift truck may not be able to see you until it is too late当叉车操作工发现你时，可能已经太晚了。nLarge steel mast may obstruct vision大型钢制桅杆会阻挡你的视线nTrucks frequently travel in reverse which impacts the operators peripheral vision 叉车频繁后退会影响操作工

41、的余光52View From Drivers Seat司机驾驶位的视线司机驾驶位的视线53View From Drivers Seat司机驾驶位视角司机驾驶位视角View From Ground地面视角地面视角54Pedestrian Safety (continued)行人安全 （续）nMany pedestrians are injured by turning lift trucks叉车转弯时，很多行人受到伤害。nLift trucks steer from the rear which creates tail swing叉车尾部操纵会产生甩尾。nTail swing is more

42、sudden and extends farther to the side than a highway vehicle叉车甩尾比公路货车更突然并且向侧面伸展的更远。nThe tail swing goes to the side opposite the direction the truck is turning towards甩尾方向与叉车转向是相反的。nSteer wheels carry 2/3 the total weight of an unloaded truck (will cause serious damage to anything they run over) 转向轮承担一辆空载叉车总重的2/3 。（会对其驶过的所有事物造成严重损坏）55Rear Steering Create