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1、会计学1中考英语中考英语(yn y)广东专语法副词和形容广东专语法副词和形容词词第一页,共52页。作宾语补足(b z)语放在宾语后,常与make,leave,keep,feel,find,think等动词连用。如: make me angry,keep the window closed作定语放在名词前,不定(bdng)代词后。如:a beautiful flower,something important作表语(bioy)放在系动词后 (be,smell,sound,taste,look,feel,turn,go,get,become,seem,keep,stay等) 。如: sound g
2、reat,taste delicious,feel comfortable,turn green第1页/共52页第二页,共52页。(1)else只能作后置定语,修饰(xish)疑问代词 (what,who,whom,where等) 和不定代词 (something,anything,somebody,nobody等)。(2)如:What else do you want?注意(zh y):(2) 多数(dush)形容词既能作定语,也能作表语,但以下形容词只能作表语,如afraid,alone,asleep,awake,alive,well,ill,frightened。(3) 表示长、宽、高、
3、深及年龄等的形容词常放在表示度量的名词之后。如:The bridge is 400 meters long. 第2页/共52页第三页,共52页。(4) enough作形容词时,放在名词之前,作副词(fc)时放在形容词或副词(fc)之后。如:enough money,big enough,quickly enough(5) -ed形容词多表示人对事物的感受(gnshu),只修饰人; -ing形容词多表示事物对人产生的影响,一般用来修饰物,但也可修饰人。如:He is such an interesting man that we all like to talk to him.The movie
4、 is very interesting. He is interested in it.第3页/共52页第四页,共52页。2.常见(chn jin)名词变形容词的方法规律规律构词方法构词方法举例举例天气名词n. + -y sun sunny,cloud cloudy,rain rainy,wind windy方位名词n. + -ern east eastern,south southern,west western,north northern情感名词n. + -fuln. + -yn. + -less color colorful, help helpful,wonder wonderfu
5、l,luck lucky, noise noisy,health healthy,care careless, home homeless,hope hopeless, use useless物质名词n. +-en wood wooden,wool woolen,gold golden第4页/共52页第五页,共52页。规律规律构词方法构词方法举例举例时间名词 n. + -ly day daily,month monthly,week weekly 大洲或国名 n. + n Asia Asian,Africa African,America American,India Indian,Austr
6、alia Australian 以ce结尾的名词把ce变为t difference different,importance important,patience patient tion结尾的名词 n. + al national,international,educational,traditional 其他n. + ly friendly,lovely,lively第5页/共52页第六页,共52页。( ) 1. Many local people in Guangdong prefer to go to _ for their summer holiday. A. somewhere c
7、old B. cold somewhere C. somewhere cool D. cool somewhere( ) 2 . Is there_ in todays newspaper? No,theres_ .A. anything special; something unusualB. anything special;nothing unusualC. special anything;nothing unusualD. special anything;unusual nothing 举一反三举一反三(j y fn sn)中考(zhn ko) 预 测CB第6页/共52页第七页,共
8、52页。考考 点点 2 副副 词词 副词(fc)主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词(fc)或全句,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等,在句子中作状语。1. 副词(fc)的用法分类例词用法举例时间ago,before,already,now,just,soon,then,yet 一般放在句末,同时出现时间副词和地点副词时,其顺序为先地点后时间Lets meet at the school gate tomorrow morning.Speak loudly.地点here,there,in,out,back,home方式quickly,loudly,slowly,carefully,happily 第7页/
9、共52页第八页,共52页。分类例词用法举例疑问when,where,how,why修饰动词,放于动词之后,及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语之后 Where is my book? 频度usually,often,hardly,sometimes,ever,never 放在实义动词前,be动词、情态动词及助动词之后 Hes always late for school.程度very,much,only,quite,too,so,nearly,enough,almost,mostly放在被修饰形容词、副词前Im so sorry.第8页/共52页第九页,共52页。2. 常见的形容词变副词(fc)的方法(
10、1)直接(zhji)由形容词加ly构成: (2)slow slowly, strong strongly, beautiful beautifully(2) 以 “辅音(fyn)字母加le” 结尾的词,改e为y: simple simply,gentle gently,terrible terribly (3) 以 “辅音字母加y” 结尾的词,改y为i再加ly: easy easily,happy happily,busy busily,heavy heavily(4) 其他形式:full fully,true truly(5) 既是形容词也是副词: well,fast,hard,high,s
11、traight,late,early第9页/共52页第十页,共52页。(1) hardly不是 hard的副词(fc)形式,hardly是 “几乎不” 的意思,一般放在动词之前,多与can,could 连用;hard作形容词时意为 “硬的”,作为副词(fc)时意为 “努力地”。注意(zh y)(2) friendly,lonely,lovely,likely,daily,weekly,lively,ugly等是形容词,不是(b shi)副词。(3) well可作形容词,意为 “健康的,身体好的”,一般不与感官动词连用 (除feel外);也可作副词,意为 “好地”。第10页/共52页第十一页,共
12、52页。( ) 1.The final exam is very important. We must treat it _ . (2015广东省) A. serious B. seriously C. careless D. carelessly( ) 2. According to a recent survey, _ three fifths of working mothers in China dont want to have a second child. (2016广东省) A. mostly B. especially C. partly D. nearly 举一反三举一反三
13、(j y fn sn)中考(zhn ko)真题BD第11页/共52页第十二页,共52页。( ) 3. I always listen _ to the teacher in class. Its very clever of you to do so. A. free B. freely C. careful D. carefully( ) 4. Does your father walk _ up with you? A. fast enough to catch B. enough fast catching C. enough fast to catch D. fast enough c
14、atching中考(zhn ko)预 测DA第12页/共52页第十三页,共52页。考考 点点 3 形形 容容 词词 和和 副副 词的比较级和最高级词的比较级和最高级1.形容词和副词(fc)的比较级、最高级的构成类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节和少数双音节词直接加-er, -est longlonger longest不发音e结尾时加-r,-st nicenicernicest辅音字母加y结尾时,把y变i,再加-er,-est easyeasiereasiest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个字母再加-er, -est bigbigerbigest多音节和部分双音节词在原级前加m
15、ore,most carefulmore carefulthe most careful(1) 规则(guz)变化特别提醒(t xng):new,few,slow,clean 等词含有字母组合,且发的是长元音,不用双写。第13页/共52页第十四页,共52页。(2) 不规则变化(binhu)只能(zh nn)用more和most构成比较级和最高级:like more like the most like既可加-er,-est,也可用more,most,构成(guchng)比较级和最高级:strict more strict/stricter (the) most strict/strictest
16、第14页/共52页第十五页,共52页。特殊(tsh)变化good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worstmany/much/some more mostlittle less least far farther (距离更远) further (更深入,更进一步) farthest (距离最远)furthest (最大限度、程度) old older (年纪较大的)elder (较年长的) oldest (年纪最大的)eldest (最年长的)第15页/共52页第十六页,共52页。(1) 记住以下三个词组:further study (进修),fur
17、ther education (继续教育(jioy),further information (进一步的信息)。(2) elder仅用于同辈之间的排行,如elder sister (姐姐),elder brother (哥哥)。(3) less作为 “更少” 仅用来修饰不可数名词,修饰可数名词表示 “更少” 要用fewer。特别(tbi)提醒:第16页/共52页第十七页,共52页。2. 形容词和副词(fc)的原级、比较级和最高级的用法同等程度(chngd)的比较 (A=B) 肯定句:A+谓语动词+as+原级+as+B: Lily is as tall as me.1. 常用(chn yn)来修
18、饰原级的词有very,so,too,enough,quite等。2.as可用于肯定句或否定句,但so只用于否定句。否定句:A+谓语动词否定式+as/so+原级+as+B: Lily is not as/so tall as me. (1) 原级的用法注意:第17页/共52页第十八页,共52页。不及(bj)比较(AB)A+谓语动词+less+原级+than+B:Lilys room is less beautiful than mine.注意:仅限于部分双音节、多音节的形容词、副词超越比较(2) 比较级的用法(yn f)(AB) A+谓语(wiy)动词+比较级+than+B:Lily is ta
19、ller than me.Lily is more outgoing than me.程度递增比较级+and+比较级(越来越) :Lily is getting taller and taller.The+比较级,the+比较级 (越,越):The busier Lily is,the happier she feels.第18页/共52页第十九页,共52页。两者中较为突出(t ch)的一个A+谓语动词+the+比较级+of the two:Lily is the taller of the two.量化比较(bjio)A+谓语动词+数量/倍数+比较(bjio)级+ than + B:Lily
20、 is two years younger than me.1. 常用来修饰(xish)比较级的词有:两多 (much,a lot),两少 (a little,a bit) 以及far,even,still等2.比较应在同类事物之间进行误:Our school is larger than you.正:Our school is larger than yours.注意:第19页/共52页第二十页,共52页。三者或三者以上进行(jnxng)比较A+谓语动词+the+最高级+of/in/among+比较范围:Lily is the strongest of the three girls.(3)
21、 最高级的用法(yn f)三者或三者以上(yshng)进行选择Which/Who 谓语动词+the+最高级,A,B or C: Who is the tallest,Lily,Amy or Jane ?表 示“最的之一” A+谓语动词+one of the+最高级+名词复数:Lily is one of the tallest girls in her class.第20页/共52页第二十一页,共52页。1.形容词最高级前的the不能省,副词最高级前一般不加the。2.形容词最高级前面可能有物主代词(dic)、指示代词(dic)、名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再用the。表示“第几最”A+谓语(
22、wiy)动词+the+序数词+最高级:Lily is the second tallest girl in her class.注意(zh y) 第21页/共52页第二十二页,共52页。在英语表达中,形容词和副词的原级和比较级也可以表示最高级的含义。如:No one else in our grade is as tall as Peter. (原级)我们级里没有人和彼得一样高。=Peter is the tallest student in our grade. (最高级)彼得是我们级最高的学生。=Peter is taller than any other student in our g
23、rade. (比较级)彼得比我们级里任何一个(y )学生都高。=Peter is taller than the other students in our grade. (比较级)在我们级里,彼得比其他学生都高。形容词和副词(fc)比较级之间的转换第22页/共52页第二十三页,共52页。A+谓语动词+比较级+ than + any other+名词单数+in+范围 (A在此 “范围” 内)。如:China is larger than any other country in Asia.中国(zhn u)比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。特别(tbi)提醒:A+谓语动词+比较级+ than + a
24、ny +名词(mng c)单数+in+范围 (A不在此 “范围” 内)。如:China is larger than any country in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。在同一范围内比较时,必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外第23页/共52页第二十四页,共52页。( ) 1. Bob knows how to cut the cost of the project. Im sure he can do the work with _ money and _ people.(2015广东省) A. less; less B. fewer; more C. more; fewe
25、r D. less; fewer( ) 2.Among the four seas off the coast of China, East China Sea is the second _ . (2016广东省) A. deep B. deeper C. deepest D. the deepest 举一反三举一反三(j y fn sn)中考(zhn ko)真题DC第24页/共52页第二十五页,共52页。( ) 3. Remember,boys and girls. _ you work, _ result you will get. We know,Miss Chen. A. The b
26、etter;the harder B. The harder;the better C. Better;harder D. Harder;the better( ) 4. What do you think of her teaching English? Great! No one teaches _ in our school. A. good B. well C. best D. better中考(zhn ko)预 测DB第25页/共52页第二十六页,共52页。考考 点点 4 形形 容容 词词、副副 词词 辨辨 析析(1)almost与no/any/never等搭配(dpi)。如:(2)
27、Almost no one believed him. 1. almost,nearly,hardly(2) nearly则最常与数词(shc)连用,与not连用构成not nearly,或与very/as连用。如:There were nearly 200 people at the meeting.(3) hardly表示否定,意为 “几乎(jh)不”,多与can或could 连用。如:I can hardly believe my ears when I heard the news.第26页/共52页第二十七页,共52页。(1) alone为形容词时,意为 “单独的,独自的”,强调 “
28、一个人”,相当于by oneself;作为(zuwi)副词时,意为 “独自地”,多与live连用。如:He lived alone,but he didnt feel lonely.2. alone,lonely(2) lonely只作形容词,意为 “孤单(gdn)的,孤独的,寂寞的”,还可表示 “荒凉的,偏僻的”。如:Its a lonely village.第27页/共52页第二十八页,共52页。(1) aloud 为副词,强调 “出声”,让人听见,但声音(shngyn)不一定很大。如:Please read the story aloud. 3.aloud,loud,loudly(2)
29、loud既可作形容词,也可作副词,意为 “喧闹的/地,响亮(xingling)的/地,大声的/地”。如:Dont talk so loud.(3) loudly 为副词,意为 “大声地”,有时与loud 通用,但含有(hn yu)喧闹的意味,与quietly相对。如:Someone knocked loudly at the door.第28页/共52页第二十九页,共52页。(1) already多用于肯定句中,通常与动词(dngc)的完成时或进行时连用。多置于句中,有时为了强调也会放于句末。如:I have seen the film already.4. already,yet(2) ye
30、t 一般只用于否定句或疑问句句末。用于否定句中意为 “还,尚”,用于疑问句中意为 “已经(y jing)”,用于肯定句中意为 “仍然,还”。如:I havent seen the film yet.第29页/共52页第三十页,共52页。(1)a number of=many,意为 “许多,大量(dling)”,后面接可数名词复数,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:(2)A number of people are standing there. Whats happening?5. a number of,the number of(2) the number of 指 “的数量”,强调(qi
31、ng dio)一个数字。作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。如:The number of the teachers in our school is 100.第30页/共52页第三十一页,共52页。 (1) else修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词,必须(bx)位于这些词之后。如:What else can you tell me?6. else,other(2) other修饰(xish)名词,位于名词的前面。如:Where are the other students?第31页/共52页第三十二页,共52页。(1)for example意为 “例如”,用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举同
32、类(tngli)人或物中的 “一个” 为例,作插入语,可位于句首或句中。(2)如:He,for example,is a good student.7. for example,such as(2) such as意为 “例如,像这种的”,用来列举事物时,一般(ybn)列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在列举的事物与前面的名词之间,as后面不可有逗号,一般(ybn)只能列举其中的一部分,不能全部列出来。如:He knows several foreign languages,such as English,Japanese and Korean.第32页/共52页第三十三页,共52页。(1)go
33、od为形容词,意为 “好的”,修饰名词作定语或放在be动词(dngc)或系动词(dngc)后作表语。(2)如:This is a good book. It looks good.8. good,well(2) well可作(k zu)形容词,意为 “健康的,身体好的”,一般不与感官动词taste,smell,sound连用;也可作(k zu)副词,意为 “好地”,修饰动词、副词、形容词。如: How are you? Im very well. Thank you.第33页/共52页第三十四页,共52页。(1)hard可作形容词,意为 “困难的,艰苦的,坚硬的”,也可作副词,意为 “努力(n
34、 l)地,用功地,猛烈地”,放在动词之后,如work hard。(2)如:He studied hard at school,didnt he?9. hard,hardly(2) hardly只能作副词,意为 “几乎不”,否定词,一般(ybn)放在动词之前,多与can,could 连用。如变反意疑问句,后面用肯定形式。如:He was hardly late for school,was he?第34页/共52页第三十五页,共52页。(1)how long询问某个动作或状态延续了多久,多用于现在完成(wn chng)时,可用 “(for+) 一段时间” 或 “since+时间点” 来回答。(2
35、)如: How long will you stay in Guangzhou this time?(3) About 2 weeks.10. how long,how soon,how often,how far(2) how soon询问某个动作要过多久(du ji)之后才发生或结束,多用于一般将来时,可用 “in+时间段” 来回答。 How soon can you finish the drawing? In 20 minutes. 第35页/共52页第三十六页,共52页。(4) how far意为 “多远”,询问(xnwn)路程,答句中多有kilometers,meters或2 ho
36、urs drive等。如: How far is it from here to your home? About 10 minutes walk.(3) how often询问某个(mu )动作每隔多久发生一次,或者一个单位时间里发生次数的多少,常用于一般现在时,可用often,usually,never,sometimes,always或 “次数+一段时间” 来回答。如: How often do you go to the movies? Once a month.第36页/共52页第三十七页,共52页。(1)instead是副词,通常(tngchng)放在句末或句首 (此时instea
37、d后加逗号)。(2)如:Linda cant go to the library with us. Lets ask Lisa instead.11. instead,instead of (2) instead of后面常接名词、代词(dic)或v.ing形式。如:Lets ask Lisa to go to the library with us instead of Linda.第37页/共52页第三十八页,共52页。(1) interesting为形容词,意为 “有趣的”,多用来(yn li)形容物,但也可形容人。如:I want to be a waiter in the futur
38、e because I can meet different interesting people every day.12. interesting,interested(2) interested为形容词,意为 “对感兴趣”,通常只用来形容人,常用(chn yn)短语:be interested in。如:I am very interested in the movies which are directed by Zhang Yimou.第38页/共52页第三十九页,共52页。relaxed 感到放松的 relaxing 令人放松的worried 感到着急的 worrying 令人着急
39、的 tired 感到疲倦 tiring 令人疲倦的 bored 觉得(ju de)厌烦的 boring 令人厌烦的 frightened 感到害怕的 frightening 令人害怕的 surprised 感到惊讶的 surprising 令人惊讶的英语(yn y)中类似用法的常用词有:第39页/共52页第四十页,共52页。(1)living为形容词,意为 “活着(hu zhe)的”,主要用作定语,常置于名词前,有时也可置于名词后,也可作表语。(2)如:Every living person has a name.13. living,alive,live,lively(2) alive是表语
40、形容词,意为 “活着的,在世的”,既可以修饰人也可以修饰物。作定语(dngy)时,放在被修饰的名词之后。如:The old man is still alive.第40页/共52页第四十一页,共52页。(4) lively 则意为 “活泼的”,“活跃”,“充满生气(shng q)的”,可作定语、表语或宾补,既可指人,又可指物。如:The cat is playing with a live mouse.(3) live 为形容词,意为 “活着的”,读作laiv,反义词为 dead,可作定语,放在所修饰的名词之前,一般不用来修饰人。也可以表示 “现场播出(b ch)的”。还可以用作动词,读作li
41、v,意为 “生活,生存”。如:Paris is one of the liveliest cities in Europe.第41页/共52页第四十二页,共52页。(1) maybe副词,意为 “可能”、 “也许”,通常位于句首,有时也放在句中或句末;可单独(dnd)用作答语。如:Maybe you are right.=You may be right.14. maybe,may be(2) may be 是情态动词(dngc) “may” 加动词(dngc) “be”,意为 “可能是”、 “可能在” 等。如:Maybe he has gone to Beijing.=He may have
42、 gone to Beijing.第42页/共52页第四十三页,共52页。(1) sleep作名词(mng c)时,意为 “睡眠”;作动词时,意为 “睡觉”。如:Last night I slept very well.15. sleep,sleeping,asleep,sleepy(2) sleeping是 sleep 的现在分词或动名词,作前置(qin zh)定语。如:I like to sleep in a sleep bag when going camping.(3) asleep为表语形容词,意为 “睡着了的”,强调状态(zhungti),多与fall,be连用。如: He was
43、 too tired and fell asleep at once.(4) sleepy为形容词,意为 “困倦的,想睡的”,常用作定语或表语。如: He goes to bed very late and he feels sleepy every day.第43页/共52页第四十四页,共52页。(1)so是副词(fc),后面一定是接形容词或副词(fc)。(2)如:The coat cost so much that I couldnt afford it.16. so that ,such that ,so that(2) such是形容词,后接 “(形容词+) 名词(mng c)”,但在
44、名词(mng c)前有many,much,little,few等词时,要用so。如:She is such a good girl that we all like her.(3) so that意为 “以便,为了”,后面接目的(md)状语从句。注:so/such that+否定句子=too to+动词原形;so/such that+肯定句子=enough to+动词原形。如:They worked hard so that they could finish the work on time.第44页/共52页第四十五页,共52页。(1) sometime是时间(shjin)副词,表示某个不确切或不具体的时间(shjin),意为 “某个时候”,可用于将来时或过去时。如:They came here sometime last year.17. sometimes,sometime,some time,some times(2) sometimes是频度副词(fc),意为 “有时”,常与一般现在时连用。如:He sometimes sends an e-mail to me.(3) some time表示 “一段时间,一些(yxi)时间”,常与for连用。如: It takes me some time to water the flowers every day.(4) s
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