高考英语二轮课件 阅读理解 专题2 主旨大意题（77张）（高考）

1、Click to edit Master title styleClick to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth level*第一篇专题复习阅读理解第二节阅读理解之主旨大意题.每日经典谚语和句型背诵与仿写1Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。2.as.as possible.as.as one can 尽可能活学活用仿照上述句型，翻译下列句子。(1)我们应该尽可能地多读书。_(2)政府部门必须尽快采取行

2、动保护河流被污染。_We should read as many books as possible./ We should read as many books as we can. The government must take actions to prevent the river from being polluted as soon as possible.阅读理解之主旨大意题我们阅读一篇文章， 首先是要了解其大意， 明确其主旨。因此， 主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpo

3、se)型。广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainly about只考过4题，title题考了5题， purpose题考了5题。解题技巧1弄清文章的大意， 关键是找到主题句。主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应， 有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。2找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门： (1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, act

4、ually等)时， 该句很可能是主题句。 (2)首段出现疑问句时， 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 (3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。3关于干扰项和正确答案。(1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节；可能属文中某些 (不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论；可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(2)正确答案：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。4在阅读理解中，主旨大意题常有以下几种

5、命题方式：(1)Main idea型：选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的句子。题干多为如下形式：Whats the main idea/point of the passage?The passage is mainly about_.The passage is mainly concerned about_.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of

6、 the passage?In this passage the author discusses primarily_. The subject discussed in this text is_.The general/main idea of the passage is about_.(2)Main purpose型：选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到主要的写作目的，常见以下几种题干形式：Whats the purpose of the passage?The passage is meant to_.The purpose of the article is to_.In this

7、passage the writer tries to tell us that_.The passage tells us that_.The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to .(3)标题型：选择文章标题是另一类对主旨大意题考查的形式，命题形式：The best title of the passage is_.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?The best title for the passage is_.The most appropri

8、ate title of the passage is_. In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help

9、 me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.典型例析 From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people.Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness.But only when we stoppretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness thats in them

10、. 30Which of the following is the best title for the passage?AA Wheelchair Experience.BWeakness and Kindness.CWeakness and Strength.DA Driving Experience解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了表转折的But.可知，“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people”便是主题句，再根据第二段最后一句可以确定，这句的确是主题句。又因标题要简明、醒目，故选B。答案：B

11、 In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be cha

12、nged, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainableproducts.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries

13、.In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%. 45What is the main purpose of the passage? ATo introduce a new business model. BTo compare two business models.CTo predict a change of the global market.DTo advocate sustainable development.解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了转折的Actual

14、ly，其后的“People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed，and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持续的)ways”是主题句，随后的两句话都是对这一句进行解释；句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”，第二段首句“Today，sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries”进一步说明，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选D。 答案：D Although

15、the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But i

16、n a strange and comfortable way, its nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really dont care all that much. While the expression may not oftenbe sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like. 30What is the best title of the passage? A

17、Have a Nice Day a Social Custom BHave a Nice Day a Pleasant Gesture CHave a Nice Day a Heartwarming Greeting DHave a Nice Day a Polite Ending of a Conversation解析：主旨大意题。由该段的第一句(特别是custom一词)可知。答案：A (2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children kno

18、w this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination It doesnt mean that you should dress as a superhero

19、for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.30What is the purpose o

20、f the passage?ATo tell us an interesting story.BTo help us make right decisions.CTo advise us to care about children.DTo encourage us to use our imagination.解析：主旨大意题。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dar

21、e to dream可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们运用我们的想象力。答案：D (2013年高考)Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family，and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. Im not going to say luck，talent，and circumstances dont come into play because they do. S

22、ome people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence，and thats just the reality of how life is.However，to succeed in life，one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And，in addition to that，in order to generally good at something，one ne

23、eds to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things，itll require even more time，time that most people wont put in. Whatever you do，if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out，almost to the point of addiction，and over a long period

24、of time. If youre not willing to put in the time and work，dont expect to receive any rewards.35What is the main theme of the passage?AHaving a goal is vital to success.BBeing good is different from being great.COne cannot succeed without time and practice.DLuck，talent and family help to achieve succ

25、ess.解析：主旨归纳题。由第二段开头的However可知，本文的中心论题不是第一段而在第二段to succeed in life, one first needs to. needs to.，再结合最后一段第一句if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time，可知本文的主题思想不花时间、不去实践是不可能取得成功的。答案：C1Music was not the only

26、gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not

27、 have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable andcommon. And parent child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood. The purpose of the passage is to_. Adescribe the difficulties todays parents have met with Bdiscus

28、s the development of the parent child relationshipCsuggest the ways to handle the parentchild relationshipDcompare todays parentchild relationship with that in the past解析：主旨大意题。由全文内容可知，特别是由“the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow”等关键词句，进行时就是一个过程，可见本文主要是讨论父母与孩子之间的关系的发展过程。答案：B

29、2Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant love others until you love yourself. Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, youve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that were the apple of our

30、parents eyes, and that our Grandmas think were great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes its a lot harder to thinksuch nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge. it is time you build a positive self image and l

31、earn to love yourself. . The best way to defeat a passive self image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Dont allow doubts to occur in it.The best way to get rid of a negative selfimage is

32、to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive selfimage. When you can pat(拍)yourself on the back, youll know youre wel

33、l on your way. Good luck!What is the passage mainly about?AHow to prepare for your success.BHow to face challenges in your life.CHow to build a positive selfimage.DHow to develop your good qualities.解析：主旨大意题。反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。第1段最后一句中有“build a positive selfimage”，第3段首句的“the best way to defeat a

34、passive selfimage is to.”，最后一段的首句“The best way to get rid of a negative selfimage is to.”都是说明如何肯定自我形象的。因此选C。答案：C3How should one invest a sum of money in these clays of inflation(通货膨胀)? Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate.Only a brave man, or a very rich one,

35、dares to buy and sell on the Stock Market.Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your savings, and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past.Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most intere

36、sting of antiques.Antique clocks could be very expensive, but one of the joys of collecting clocks is that it is still possible to find quite cheap ones for your own home.After all, if you are going to be ruled by time, why not invest in air antique clock and perhaps make a future profit?The purpose

37、 of the passage is_.Ato introduce the culture of antique clocksBto offer some advice on collecting antique clocksCto compare different ways to make a future profitDto explain convenient and reliable ways of telling time解析：主旨大意题。反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。由首尾两段，特别是第一段最后一句“Here I am going to offer some adv

38、ice on collecting antique clocks.”和最后一段的最后一句“.why not invest in air antique clock and perhaps make a future profit？”可知答案为B。答案：B4Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and selfrespect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as “honor” help you c

39、reate this life of good feelings.Heres an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item.If we keep silent, and profit from the clerks mistake, wewould drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement.Later we might tell our family or friends abou

40、t our good fortune.On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty.We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage

41、.AHow to Live TruthfullyBImportance of PeacefulnessCWays of Gaining selfrespectDHappiness through Honorable Actions解析：主旨大意题。反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词，文中出现得最多的是happiness一词，而文章第二段“Heres an example to show how honorable actions create happiness”就是全文的主旨，因此选D。答案：D5Men have always believed that they are smart

42、er than women.Now, a study has found that while this is certainly true, men also have to deal with the fact that they are also more stupid than the fairer sex.In the study, scientists measured the IQ of 2500 brothers and sisters and they found an uneven number of men not only in the top two percent,

43、 but also in the bottom two percent.The studys participants were tested on science, maths, English and mechanical abilities.Though there were twice as many men as women in the smartest group, there were also twice as many men among the dolts.The purpose of the passage is to tell us that_.Aman are sm

44、arter than women Bman are more stupid than women Ca new fact about the IQ of men and women has been foundDmen are more likely to receive first class university degrees解析：主旨大意题。反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词，文中出现较多的词是study，根据文章第一段第二句得知答案为C。答案：C6Weather changes when the temperature and the amount of water in t

45、he atmosphere change. We can see and feel water coming from the atmosphere when we have rain. But the water must somehow get back to the atmosphere. Meteorologists call this the water cycle.What is the main idea of the passage?AWater cycle.BWater vapour.CHow rain forms.DWater, vapour, rain.解析：主旨大意题。

46、由该段最后一句“Meteorologists call this the water cycle”可知答案为A。答案：A7Technology is the application(应用)of knowledge to production. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force. New machines and new methods have helped cut down time and expense while incr

47、easing overall output. This has meant more production and a higher standard of living. For most of us in America, modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars and television sets. However, technologyhas also increased the amount of food available to us, by means of modern farmi

48、ng machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended our life span via(通过)medical technology. What is the best title for the passage? AThe definition of technology BModern technologyCThe application of technologyDThe development of technology解析：主旨大意题。反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词，文中出现较多的词是modern te

49、chnology，文章的主要笔墨是用在科学技术的作用上，所以答案应选B。答案：B8The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses(病毒)passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold cause

50、s colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated Arctic regions explorers have reportedbeing free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplan

51、es. The passage mainly discusses_. Athe experiments on the common cold Bthe fallacy (谬论)about the common cold Cthe reason and the way people catch colds Dthe continued spread of common colds解析：主旨大意题。该段的第一、二句“The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold.They are not”是本文的主题句。全文主

52、要阐述了“感冒不是由寒冷引起的”这一观点。答案：B9Zinc(锌)is one of about 20 elements necessary for good health. It is present in the body in a very small amount but makes it possible for important chemical actions to be carried out in cells. Scientists are just beginning to discover how zinc and other elements work.The bes

53、t title for the passage may be_.AA New DiscoveryBZinc and HealthCHow Zinc WorksDAdd Zinc to Your Food解析：主旨大意题。根据第一句(主题句) “Zinc(锌)is one of about 20 elements necessary for good health”可推知。答案：B10According to a famous optical(光学)expert, Alexander, who recently visited Shanghai, the developed countries

54、in Europe and America have made rules that children must wear resinous (树脂)glasses instead of the traditional glasses made of glass.This is because the glass glasses are more likely to do harm to childrens eyesight.This news article mainly wants to tell us_.AAlexander visited China and introduced a

55、new type of glassesBwe should wear resinous glasses instead of glass glassesCresinous glasses are popular in Europe and AmericaDglasses can be made of other materials instead of glass解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第1句“.children must wear resinous(树脂)glasses instead of the traditional glasses made of glass”可推知此题答案为B。答

56、案：B10Selfcontrol is mans last greatest victory.If a man lacks selfcontrol he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks selfcontrol, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.The authors main purpose in writing this article is to_.Aexplain that selfcontrol is the key to successBteach peopl