中药与方剂翻译

1、中中药与药与方剂名的翻译方剂名的翻译Translation of TCM Herbs and FormulaJeanelle1 方方药药常用术语常用术语n方剂qprescription, recipe, formulan方剂学qPrescriptionology science for studying prescriptionsn七方是方剂分类的合称。指七种组成不同的方剂。见伤寒明理论。即大、小、急、缓、奇、偶、复等七方。详各条。素问至真要大论：“治有缓急，方有大小”，“君一臣二，奇之制也；君二臣四，偶之制也”，“奇之不去则偶之，是谓重方。”至金代成无己才将其总结为七方。 n七方说明处方立法

2、，应按照病情缓急，病位上下，适当配伍药物，并斟酌剂量等，作为制方依据，逐渐演变而成七方。即大、小方，缓、急方；奇、偶方或复方。一般指处方中药味多或量大者为大方，反之为小方；用药和缓，或长期服用的方剂为缓方，反之为急方，单味药或奇数药的为奇方，反之为偶方；数方组合的方剂为复方1 方药常用术语n与方剂有关的术语大方大方grandiose prescriptionsheavy prescription /patent prescription (L)major formula (W)小方小方minor prescriptionssmall prescription /light prescripti

3、onminor formula緩方緩方mild prescriptiongentle formula急方急方prescription for emergency /urgent prescriptionurgent formula單方單方single-drug prescription /simple prescriptionsimple formula複方複方complex prescription /composite prescriptioncompound formula1 方药常用术语n与方剂有关的术语 (续)奇方奇方 odd-numbered prescriptionodd-num

4、ber formula偶方偶方 even prescriptioneven-number formula經方經方 classical prescriptionclassical remedy時方時方 nonclassical prescription post-antique formula輕方輕方 light prescriptionlight formula1 方药常用术语n与方剂有关的术语 (续)宣剂dispersing prescription燥剂dry prescription泻剂purgative prescription湿剂moistening prescription重剂hea

5、vy prescription寒剂cold prescription滑剂lubricating prescription热剂heat prescription补剂tonic prescription升剂ascending prescription涩剂astringent prescription降剂descending prescription1 方药常用术语n剂型 prescription typesq1. 汤剂 (decoction)q2. 散剂 (powder)q3. 丸剂 (bolus, pellet, pill)n蜜丸honeyed bolusn水丸water pellet / wa

6、ter-paste pilln糊丸paste pilln濃縮丸condensed pellet1 方药常用术语n剂型 prescription types (续)q4. 膏剂 (extract, ointment and plaster)n浸膏extractn流浸膏liquid extractn煎膏decocted pasten软膏ointment, pasten硬膏plasterq5. 丹剂 (elixir, dan)q6. 酒剂 (medicated wine, vinum)q7. 茶剂 (medicated tea)q8. 药露 (distilled medicinal water /

7、medicinal dew)1 方药常用术语n剂型 prescription types (续)q9. 錠剂、餅剂 (lozenge, pastille, troche and medicated cake)q10. 片剂 (tablet)q11. 糖漿剂 (syrup)q12. 沖剂 (granule, infusion)q13. 灸剂 (moxa)q14. 針剂 (injection)q15. 栓剂 (suppository)q16. 胶囊剂 (capsule)1 方药常用术语n配伍 composition / combinationq配伍禁忌contradiction of compat

8、ibilityn七情 seven features/seven medicinal relationsq單行single application - stand-alone medicinalq相須mutual promotion /reinforcementq相使mutual enhancement / assistanceq相畏mutual restraint q相恶inhibition q相杀detoxification q相反antagonism1 方药常用术语n炮制 processing漂bleaching煨toasting蒸steaming泡soaking炒frying蒸露dist

9、illation水飛refining with water烘baking煮boiling煅charring, calcining焙mild heating淬quenching炮roasting炙frying with liquids / mix-fry熬simmering2 方剂命名与翻译n2.1 以方中主要药物命名以方中主要药物命名qa) 以主药一味命名以主药一味命名n麻黃汤 (Ephedra Decoction)n桂枝汤 (Cinnamon Twig Decoction)qb) 以主药二味命名以主药二味命名n桑菊饮 (Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Beve

10、rage)n银翘散 (Lonicera and Forsythia Powder)qc) 以三味主药命名以三味主药命名n麻黄连翹赤小豆汤 (Ephedra, Forsythia and Rice Bean Decoction)2 方剂命名与翻译n2.2 以方中全部組成药物命名以方中全部組成药物命名qa) 按組成各味药物全名命名n麻黃杏仁石膏甘草汤 (麻杏石甘汤)qEphedra, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum and Licorice DecoctionqMaxing Shigan Decoction2 方剂命名与翻译n2.2 以方中全部組成药物命名以方中全部組成药物命名qb)

11、 取組成药品中各一個字命名n参桂朮甘汤qGinseng, Cinnamon Twig, Bighead Atractylodes and Licorice DecoctionqShengui Zhugan Decoctionn参苓白朮散qGinseng, Poria and Bighead Atractylodes PowderqShenling Baizhu Powder2 方剂命名与翻译n2.2 以方中全部組成药物命名以方中全部組成药物命名 (续续)qc) 按組成药物味數命名n四物汤qFour Agents Decoctionn六味汤qSix-Ingredient Decoctionqd)

12、 按組成药物味數与功效、作用結合命名n四君子汤qFour Gentlemen Decoctionn四神丸qFour Spirits Pill2 方剂命名与翻译n2.3 以功效命名以功效命名q温脾汤nSpleen Warming Decoctionn2.4 以方中有特殊作用的药物命名以方中有特殊作用的药物命名q十枣汤nTen Jujubes Decoctionn2.5 以方中主药的別名命名以方中主药的別名命名q鸡苏散nMint Powder2 方剂命名与翻译n2.6 以方中主药物与功效或主治結合命名以方中主药物与功效或主治結合命名q人參养荣丸nGinseng Construction-Nouri

13、shing Pillq疏风清热汤nWind-Coursing Heat-Clearing Decoctionq荊防败毒散nSchizonepeta and Ledebouriella Toxin-Vanquishing Powderq龙胆泻肝汤nGentian Liver-Draining Decoctionq黃連解毒汤nCoptis Toxin-Resolving DecoctionnAntidotal Decoction of Coptis2 方剂命名与翻译n2.7 特殊命名特殊命名q以服药時間命名n鸡鸣散qRooster Crowing PowderqCockcrow Powderq以比

14、喻命名n舟車丸q喻行气逐水之效qBoats and Carts Pillq以典故命名n吳婆散q吳市吹簫寄食漂母qWupo Powder2 方剂命名与翻译n2.7 特殊命名特殊命名 (续)q以方中药物采集特點命名n二至丸qDouble Supreme Pillq以方中药物入药部分命名n三子养親汤qThree Seeds Filial Devotion Decoctionq以炮制法命名n十灰散qTen Cinders Powder2 方剂命名与翻译n方剂翻译原则方剂翻译原则q简洁原则q信息原则q回译原则3 方剂示例q清咽利膈汤q清瘟败毒饮q犀角地黃汤q銀花解毒汤q清宮汤q仙方活命饮q蒼耳子散q通窍

15、活血汤q桃红四物汤q溫肺止流丹q补中益气汤q六味地黃汤q金匱肾气丸3 方剂示例q清咽利膈汤nThroat-Clearing Diaphragm-Disinhibiting Decoctionq清瘟败毒饮nScourge-Clearing Toxin-Vanquishing BeveragenAntipyretic and Antitoxic Decoctionq犀角地黃汤nRhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia DecoctionnFairy Decoction for Treating Cutaneous Infectionsq銀花解毒汤nHoneysuckle Deco

16、ction for Relieving Toxin3方剂示例q清宮汤nPalace-Clearing Decoctionq仙方活命饮nImmortal Formula Life-Giving Beverageq蒼耳子散nXanthium Powderq通窍活血汤nOrifice-Freeing Blood-Quickening Decoctionq桃红四物汤nPeach Kernel and Carthamus Four Agents Decoction3 方剂示例q溫肺止流丹nLung-Warming Nose-Drying Elixirq补中益气汤nCenter-Supplementing

17、 Qi-Boosting DecoctionnDecoction for Reinforcing Middle-Warmer and Replenishing Qiq六味地黃汤nSix-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoctionq金匱肾气丸nGolden Coffer Kidney Qi Pill以数字方式命名的中医以数字方式命名的中医 常用方剂名称英译的探讨常用方剂名称英译的探讨一贯煎一贯煎 辞源辞源云：云：“一贯，即以一理贯串于事物之中。一贯，即以一理贯串于事物之中。”肾藏精，肝藏血，肝肾同源，肝肾之病，同一论治。本肾藏精，肝藏血，肝肾同源，肝肾之病，同一论治。本方以脏腑

18、制化关系的理论为遣药立法的依据。取方以脏腑制化关系的理论为遣药立法的依据。取“滋水滋水涵木涵木”之意，通滋肾养肝，补肝体以和肝用，而治疗肝之意，通滋肾养肝，补肝体以和肝用，而治疗肝肾阴虚肝气不舒之证，故名肾阴虚肝气不舒之证，故名“一贯煎一贯煎”。英译有：英译有：1.1. All-the-Way-Through BrewAll-the-Way-Through Brew (Nigel Wiseman) (Nigel Wiseman)2. An Ever Effective Decoction for Nourishing the 2. An Ever Effective Decoction for

19、 Nourishing the Liver and Kidney (Liver and Kidney (汉英医学大辞典汉英医学大辞典) )3. One Linking Decoction 3. One Linking Decoction (Giovanni Maciocia (Giovanni Maciocia) )命名缘由：方中陈皮、半夏二药以陈久者良，故名命名缘由：方中陈皮、半夏二药以陈久者良，故名“二陈汤二陈汤”。 英译有：英译有：1.1. Two Matured Ingredients DecoctionTwo Matured Ingredients Decoction ( (Nige

20、l WisemanNigel Wiseman) )2.2. ErchenErchen Decoction Decoction ( (汉英医学大辞典汉英医学大辞典) )3.3. Two Old DecoctionTwo Old Decoction ( (Giovanni MaciociaGiovanni Maciocia) )建议英译：建议英译： Decoction of Two Long-preserved HerbsDecoction of Two Long-preserved Herbs 三拗汤n命名缘由：命名缘由：“三拗三拗”者，乃谓方中三味药物煎煮时违拗常法：麻黄者，乃谓方中三味药物煎

21、煮时违拗常法：麻黄不去根节，杏仁不去皮尖，甘草不用蜜炙而生用。不去根节，杏仁不去皮尖，甘草不用蜜炙而生用。 英译有：英译有：n1. Rough and Ready Three Decoction (Nigel Wiseman) Rough and Ready Three Decoction (Nigel Wiseman) n2. Decoction of Three Crude Drugs(2. Decoction of Three Crude Drugs(汉英医学大辞典汉英医学大辞典) ) n3. Three Break Decoction(Giovanni Maciocia3. Three

22、 Break Decoction(Giovanni Maciocia) ) 建议英译：建议英译：nDecoction of Three Irregularly Prepared HerbsDecoction of Three Irregularly Prepared Herbs nThree Disobedience DecoctionThree Disobedience Decoction 命名缘由：本方由紫苏子、白芥子、莱菔子三味药物所组成。命名缘由：本方由紫苏子、白芥子、莱菔子三味药物所组成。用于老人中虚喘嗽，痰壅气滞之症。有降气消食、温化痰饮用于老人中虚喘嗽，痰壅气滞之症。有降气消食、

23、温化痰饮之功。本方用三种果实组方，以治老人喘嗽之疾，并寓之功。本方用三种果实组方，以治老人喘嗽之疾，并寓“子子以养亲以养亲”之意，故名之意，故名“三子养亲汤三子养亲汤”。英译有：英译有：1.1. Decoction of Three Kinds of Seeds for the Aged (Decoction of Three Kinds of Seeds for the Aged (汉汉英医学大辞典英医学大辞典) )2.2. Three-seed the Ancestors Decoction (Giovanni Three-seed the Ancestors Decoction (Gio

24、vanni MaciociaMaciocia) )3.3. Three Seed Filial Devotion Decoction (Three Seed Filial Devotion Decoction (Nigel WisemanNigel Wiseman) ) 四妙勇安汤n命名缘由：命名缘由：本方药仅四味，功效绝妙，且量大力专，勇猛迅速，使邪袪病除，身体健康，平安无虞，故称“四妙勇安汤” n英译有：英译有：n1. Mysterious Four Resting Hero Decoction 1. Mysterious Four Resting Hero Decoction (Nige

25、l Wiseman) (Nigel Wiseman) n2. Decoction of Four Wonderful Drugs for Quick 2. Decoction of Four Wonderful Drugs for Quick Restoration of Health Restoration of Health ( (汉英医学大辞典汉英医学大辞典) ) 建议英译：建议英译：Decoction of Four Well-matched Potent Herbs for Stopping Decoction of Four Well-matched Potent Herbs fo

26、r Stopping GroaningGroaning命名缘由：命名缘由：英译有：英译有： 1. Counter flow Cold Powder (Nigel Wiseman) 1. Counter flow Cold Powder (Nigel Wiseman) 2. Powder for Treating Cold Limbs (2. Powder for Treating Cold Limbs (汉英医学大辞典汉英医学大辞典) )3. Four Rebellious Powder (Giovanni Maciocia3. Four Rebellious Powder (Giovanni

27、 Maciocia) ) 英译有：英译有：1.1.Five Ingredient Toxin Dispersing Beverage (Nigel Five Ingredient Toxin Dispersing Beverage (Nigel Wiseman) Wiseman) 2.2.AntiphlogisticAntiphlogistic Decoction of Five Drugs Decoction of Five Drugs ( (汉英医学大辞典汉英医学大辞典) )3. Five-Ingredient Resolving Poison Decoction 3. Five-Ingr

28、edient Resolving Poison Decoction (Giovanni Maciocia(Giovanni Maciocia) )建议英译：建议英译： Decoction of Five Herbs for Eliminating Heat Decoction of Five Herbs for Eliminating Heat EvilEvil 英译有：英译有：1.1. PoriaPoria Five Powder (Nigel Wiseman) Five Powder (Nigel Wiseman) 2.2. Powder of Five Drugs with PoriaP

29、owder of Five Drugs with Poria ( (汉英医学大辞典汉英医学大辞典) )3.3. Five- Ingredient Poria Powder (Giovanni MaciociaFive- Ingredient Poria Powder (Giovanni Maciocia) )建议英译：建议英译：Powder of Five Herbs Led by PolyporusPowder of Five Herbs Led by Polyporus 八正散八正散命名缘由：本方以八味药物为散，通过正治之法（热者寒之），以命名缘由：本方以八味药物为散，通过正治之法（热者寒之），以奏清热通淋之功，用以治疗湿热下注之淋证，故称奏清热通淋之功，用以治疗湿热下注之淋证，故称“八正散八正散”。英译有：英译有：1.1. Eight Corrections Powder Eight Corrections Powder (Nigel Wiseman) (Nigel Wise