独立主格结构1

1、由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。With +逻辑主语逻辑主语+非谓语非谓语/介词短语介词短语/形容形容词词+其他，主语其他，主语+谓语谓语+其他。其他。1、名词或代词主格 + 分词The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。Time permitting, we can have a walk around the

2、playground after supper. 如果时间允许,晚饭后我们可以到操场上散散步。2、名词或代词主格 + 形容词Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。 The clothes very dirty, youd better wash them quickly. 衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧!3、名词或代词主格 + 不定式The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始了。4、名词或代词主格 + 介词短语 Our En

3、glish teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我们的英语老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷。 There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一条河,河两岸长满了鲜花。5、名词或代词主格 + 副词 The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。 The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了,

4、我们不能继续工作了。1、独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句。但是,独立主格结构转换为状语从句后,它有自己的逻辑主语,与主句的主语不一致。而分词短语转换为状语从句后,从句的主语与主句的主语一致。When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. If time permits, wed better have a holiday at weekends. 2、分词结构的逻辑主语并不总是和主句的主语分词结构的逻辑主语并不总是和主句的主语一致一致,也可以是主句的其它成分也可以是主句的其它成分,语法上称作语法上称

5、作依依着法则着法则(例例)。而如果一个分词结构在句子中。而如果一个分词结构在句子中找不到它的逻辑主语找不到它的逻辑主语,语法上称作语法上称作悬垂分词悬垂分词(例例)。Searching for the thief in the city, it had taken the policemen a long time. 在城市在城市里搜查小偷里搜查小偷,花费了警察很长一段时间。花费了警察很长一段时间。 When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the roots. (人人们们)种这些花时必须小心种这些花时必须小心,

6、不要损坏了花根。不要损坏了花根。3、有些分词短语可以独立存在、有些分词短语可以独立存在,在句子中没有在句子中没有逻辑上的主语逻辑上的主语,实际上已经变成了习惯用法。实际上已经变成了习惯用法。如如:Generally speaking 总的说来总的说来, Frankly speaking 坦率地说坦率地说 Judging from 从从判断判断, Supposing 假设假设,等等。等等。 Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand. Judging from what he said, he must be an honest

7、 man. 4、有些固定短语是带、有些固定短语是带 to 的不定式的不定式,表明说话人的立场或表明说话人的立场或态度态度,在句中作独立成分。在句中作独立成分。这些短语有这些短语有:to be honest 老实说老实说to be sure 确实确实to tell you the truth 说实话说实话to cut a long story short 长话短说长话短说to be frank 坦率地说坦率地说to make matters / things worse 更糟糕的是更糟糕的是 To tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word

8、spelling. 说实话说实话,我犯了一个拼写错误。我犯了一个拼写错误。 To make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work. 情况更糟的是情况更糟的是,许多男人都去城市找工资较高的工作许多男人都去城市找工资较高的工作,而而留下附近村庄的妇女来继续承担修复工作。留下附近村庄的妇女来继续承担修复工作。1. Having been praised by t

9、he teacher, the little girl ran back home,_.A. happily and satisfiedly B. eager and excitedly C. happy and satisfied D. anxiously and excitedly2. It snowed heavily last night, thus _ the traffic problems today.A. Causing； B. caused；C. having caused D. being caused3. Upon _ home, he was arrested by t

10、he police.A. arriving B. arrived C. arrive D. to arrive4. The song You And Me _ on the radio interests everyone. A. playing B. played C. is played D. has been played5. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. having invited B. inviting C. being invited D. invited6. We had an

11、anxious couple of weeks, _ for the results of the experiment.A. wait B. to be waiting C. waiting D. waited 7. Believe it or not, in the United States, 40% of the toys _ are for adults. A. sold B. selling C. to sell D. to be selling8Ford tried dividing the labor; each worker _ a separate taskAassigning Bassigned Cwas assigned Dto be assigned 9A new technique _ ，the yields as a whole increased by 20 p