unit 5 on not answering the telephone

1、On Not Answering the TelephoneUnit 5An argumentative essayDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading About the author The author William Plomer (1903-1973) is a South African writer born of English parents. His works include novels, short stories, poems and biographies, but he is best known for his short storie

2、s. He became famous in South Africa with his first novel, Turbott Wolfe, which had inter-racial love and marriage as a theme. He was co-editor of the short-lived literary magazine Voorslag (“Whiplash”) with two other South African rebels. It promoted a racially equal South Africa. Warm-up Questions1

3、. Who invented the telephone?Alexander Graham Bell.Detailed ReadingGlobal Reading After ReadingBackground InformationDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading After Reading1. Model of the first telephoneDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading After Reading2. The invention of the telephoneDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading

4、After Reading3. William Gray and the pay telephoneUtility is when you have one telephone, luxury is when you have two, opulence is when you have three and paradise is when you have none. Doug LarsonThe telephone is a good way to talk to people without having to offer them a drink. Fran LebowitzTechn

5、ology is a queer thing. It brings you great gifts with one hand, and it stabs you in the back with the other. Carrie P. SnowThere are no morals about technology at all. Technology expands our ways of thinking about things, expands our ways of doing things. If were bad people we use technology for ba

6、d purposes and if were good people we use it for good purposes. Herbert SimonPart division Part one (para.1) Introduction: I am not on the phone. Part two (para. 2-6) The reasons why I dont want to have a telephone. Part three (para. 7) Conclusion: its not necessary to have a telephone at allLanguag

7、e points take. for granted - regard sth as true or as certain to happen 认为认为.是真的是真的; 认为认为.是理所当然的是理所当然的; 认为认为.没问题没问题 We took his co-operation for granted. Take it for granted that. She took it for granted that he would feel ashamed of his wrongdoings.paraphrase 1) Dont think he will certainly help yo

8、u. (Dont take his help for granted.) 2) He thinks that everything is true. (He takes everything for granted.) 3) I want myself not to think that everything is true. (I want myself not to take everything for granted.) 4) My mother thought he would certainly come. (My mother took his coming for grante

9、d.) 1) I thought she would certainly stay with us. (I took it for granted that she would stay with us.) 2) We felt sure that he would study hard. (We took it for granted that he would study hard.) 3) I think it is natural for students to help one another. (I take it for granted that students help on

10、e another.) Grant: consent to give or allow (what is asked for) 同意授予，给予，答应请求 Grant sth. to sb./grant sb.sth./grant that Grant land to the farmers Grant us permission to do sth. Grant him a pension/ an interview/an extra holiday Confer/award a bachelors degree(授予)ring sb. up: give sb. a ring / teleph

11、one(phone, call) sb. / give sb. a call Ill ring you up as soon as I get off the plane. I forgot to ring up Mr. Wang yesterday, so I must do it today. Before Reading Global Reading After Reading Propose: put forward for consideration提议，建议; intend, plan 计划，打算 Propose sth. (propose a new scheme) Propos

12、e doing sth. (He proposed delaying the our decision) Propose that +sb. (should) do sth. Propose to do (plan to do) Propose a toast Make a proposalpose as:1. to pretend to be what one is notHe poses as a well-trained doctor, but actually he is a quack.The man posed as an artist.她装出有学问的教授模样。她装出有学问的教授模

13、样。 She posed as a scholarly professor.Before Reading Global Reading After ReadingBefore Reading Global Reading After Reading2. to cause problems, danger, threats, etc. Returning to work after a career break can pose problems for both women and men.He posed a question to challenge the speaker. 物价上涨惊人

14、，给社会造成许多问题。物价上涨惊人，给社会造成许多问题。 The staggering increase in price poses many problems for the society.3. to stand in a particular place or in a particular mannerThey posed for a photograph. The photographer posed her for a photograph. Strike an attitude/ a pose 摆出姿态To strike an attitude /a pose of defia

15、nce to protest摆出违抗的姿态来抗议 Pest: nuisance, a troublesome or annoying thing or a person Flies and mice are pests. The child is an absolute pesthe keeps ringing the doorbell and run away.time-waster: n. a person or thing that wastes a lot of timeTheyre so preoccupied with their work that they regard TV

16、as a time-waster.Before Reading Global Reading After Readingcf. time-killer: recreational activity; the person who kills timeengaged: adj. Be engaged in doing sth.忙于做某事1. be busy in use; be occupied Sorry, the number is engaged; please ring again a few minutes later.The engaged couple have traveled

17、most part of the country. They are engaged.His son is engaged to a nice young woman.Engage vt. Engage ones attention引起注意，引起注意，engage sb.to do sth.雇人做某事，雇人做某事，vi . engage in political affairs参与政事参与政事Before Reading Global Reading 2. pledged to marry 我给了你多次电话，可总是占线。我给了你多次电话，可总是占线。 Ive called you many t

18、imes but the line is engaged.as for: in terms of 至于，就至于，就.而言而言(used to introduce a topic) regarding to, concerning Before Reading Global Reading After Reading“As for any home, Ive none, nor ever did I have,” she said quickly to distract him from too much thinking. 至于作业，他总是最后一个交。至于作业，他总是最后一个交。As for

19、homework, he is always the last one to hand it in.As to 至于，关于His wife an old teacher，has no complaint as to salary As to doing that，I havent decided yetasphyxiate: v. to undergo asphyxia; suffocate; stifle They were trapped in the mine and asphyxiated by gas.Before Reading Global Reading After Readi

20、ngunventilated: adj. (air) not moving in and out freelyBefore Reading Global Reading After Reading不知名的不知名的信息不足的信息不足的无灵感的无灵感的unknownuninformed uninspired 无特征的无特征的undistinguished 缺乏教养的缺乏教养的uneducated 未被预订的未被预订的unreserved无偿的无偿的unpaid Word formation: un + pp.Flavour n. vt. A flavour of onions A chocolat

21、e flavour a strong flavour of lemon To flavour the cake with butter To flavour the beef with pepper The ice cream is flavoured with strawberry. The telephone booth is flavoured with sweat.Chill v.n. To chill ones enthusiasm He was chilled to the bone. There is a chill in the air. The bad news casts

22、a chill over the people. He caught a chill (cold). fidget: vi., vt., n.1. vi. move about restlessly老师要他们别乱动。老师要他们别乱动。The teacher told them to stop fidgeting.2. vt. to cause to behave or move nervously or restlesslyIt is bad manners to fidget about at table.What is fidgeting you so much? I hope I can

23、 help you. Before Reading Global Reading After ReadingHe fidgeted with his paper while lecturing.a person who fidgets 坐不住的人坐不住的人3. n. (usually in plural form, used together with “the”) a condition of restlessness as manifested by nervous movements; one that fidgets The naughty boy gets the fidgets i

24、f he has to sit in one place for more than five minutes.a fidgetBefore Reading Global Reading After Reading In the middle of 在在中间中间,在在中央中央 In the middle of a lake/the dinner/a day(night)/a test/war In the midst of 在在之中，当之中，当.时候，在时候，在中途中途 The hut is in the midst of the forest小屋在森林深处 In the midst of w

25、ar/cheers/death/her weeping/ones speechdaze daze : make sb. feel stupid or unable to think clearly 使人惶惑使人惶惑或眩晕或眩晕 So much work dazed me. If anyone gives you a blow on the head, youll feel dazed. b). surprise and bewilder sb. I was dazed by her sudden offer. dazed (adj.) a dazed look/manner 茫然的神态或举止茫

26、然的神态或举止 daze (n.) - the state of being dazed in a daze - in a confused state 处于茫然状态处于茫然状态 eg: Ive been in a complete daze since I heard the news. Ignore: take no notice of , pay no attention to Ignore sb./sth. Just ignore what I have said. Ignorant adj. His ignorant behaviour An ignorant reply Be ig

27、norant of /about sth. He is ignorant of literature Ignorance n. Ignorance is the virtue of a woman.assure: v. make sb. sure of sth.Before Reading Global Reading After ReadingProfessor Hoyle tried to assure people that nuclear energy was not so dangerous as nuclear war. I can assure you of the reliab

28、ility of the news.导游使我们确信准能过一个愉快的假期。导游使我们确信准能过一个愉快的假期。The tourist guide assured us of an enjoyable holiday. cf. assure, ensure, make sure, insureassure 指使人确信、放心。常接指使人确信、放心。常接sb. + of / that。ensure 有保证、确保之意。有保证、确保之意。这药将保证你一晚睡眠良好。这药将保证你一晚睡眠良好。This medicine will ensure you a good nights sleep.Can you e

29、nsure his being on time?Do you think these are safety devices to ensure workers against accidents? Before Reading Global Reading After Readingmake sure 查明，设法确保，确定查明，设法确保，确定You must make sure of the time and place of the meeting.insure 指保险，保障。常与指保险，保障。常与against 搭配。搭配。Carefulness insures you against e

30、rrors.Before Reading Global Reading After Reading John tried to me that he was capable of looking after the five children and asked me to leave them to him when I was away. Choose an appropriate word from the four given words to fill in each of the blanks.d make sure b. ensure c. insure d. assure _B

31、efore Reading Global Reading After Reading2. The company its clients of its high quality, competitive price, prompt delivery and good service.a_ assures b. makes sure c. insures d. ensures Before Reading Global Reading After Reading3. Please that the secretary has written down your name and address.

32、a_ make sure b. ensure c. insure d. assure Before Reading Global Reading After Reading4. He hasnt his house against fire.b_ made sure b. insured c. ensured d. assured apace: adv. Ill weeds grow apace.The fringes of the city are also growing apace.swiftly, quicklyBefore Reading Global Reading After R

33、eading野草长得快。野草长得快。我们不能忽视这样一个事实我们不能忽视这样一个事实北京发展迅速。北京发展迅速。We cannot ignore the fact that Beijing develops apace.Ill news travels apace.Bad news has wings.Ill news flies fast.Bad news travels quicklyHomeIndexBackforthout: v. The truth will out1. to be disclosed or revealed; disclose or reveal Your secr

34、et will out. Before Reading Global Reading After ReadingShe outed with the truth. 2. drop outHe was outed in the first round.3. (informal) put out, extinguishPlease out the fire.indiscreet: adj.不谨慎的，轻率的not careful, lacking discretion Before Reading Global Reading After Reading不可相信的不可相信的非决定性的非决定性的不确定

35、的不确定的incredible indecisive indefinite 独立的独立的independent 不可分割的不可分割的inseparable 不停的不停的incessant 不称职的不称职的incompetent Word formation: in + adj.indiscreet praise / remark Before Reading Global Reading After Readingcirculation: n. 1. the number of copies that are sold each time发行量2. the condition of being

36、 passed about and widely known流通，传播They are disappointed by the circulation figures of the journal. The rumor is in wide circulation. Which newspaper has the largest circulation in China?The news in circulation was proved to be a rumor. 3. movement or passage through a system of vessels, as of water

37、 through pipes 循环您能解释一下水的循环过程吗？您能解释一下水的循环过程吗？Could you please explain the process of water circulation?Before Reading Global Reading After ReadingEnvious adj. Be envious of: Be jealous, 羡慕，嫉妒 I am envious of your success. She was envious of Janes good fortune. We are envious of her beauty. envy (v.)

38、 - be envious of ; envy sb./sth. eg: I envy your good fortune. She envied his wealth. envy (n.) sbs envy at sth./of sb. eg: His envy of his brother soon turned to jealousy. She is filled with envy at my success.Be in (much/more)evidence:引人瞩目，显眼引人瞩目，显眼 , 显而易见，显而易见，be noticeable, Before Reading Global

39、 Reading After ReadingShe is the sort of woman who is eager to be in evidence. I got up very early, and few pedestrians were in evidence on the city streets. be clearly or easily seen paraphrase:Mrs. Jones in a bright dress was very clearly seen.Mrs. Jones in a bright dress was in evidence.If you wa

40、nt to thumb a lift, you must stand in a place easily seen.If you want to thumb a lift, you must stand in a place in evidence. It serves sb. right - His failure, misfortune etc. is deserved; He is not worth sympathy 某某人活该人活该 eg: 1) Xiao Li failed in the exam 2) I say it serves him right because he do

41、esnt work hard. inquisitive adj. - fond of inquiring into other peoples affairs 好管闲事的好管闲事的 eg: She is an inquisitive woman. be inquisitive about eg: she is inquisitive about my friends/my personal affairs. inquirebe bent on sth./doing sth.: 专心；决定专心；决定/下决心下决心1. set / fix ones mind on doing 小女孩正专心看她新买

42、的卡通书。小女孩正专心看她新买的卡通书。The little girl is bent on her new cartoon book now.The boy is bent on mischief. 彼特一心想成为一个足球运动员。彼特一心想成为一个足球运动员。 Peter is bent on becoming a football player.Before Reading Global Reading After ReadingThe wife was bent on making life difficult for her husband. 2. be determined to t

43、ake a course of actionBefore Reading Global Reading After Reading我们决定任命他为经理助理。我们决定任命他为经理助理。 We are bent on appointing him assistant to the manager.I was bent on going to the theater.He is bent on making teaching his career.bend on: fix sth. (attention, eyes, etc.) on sth./sb.The boys bent their atte

44、ntion on making model ships.All eyes were bent on him.Phrases with the similar meaning: apply ones mind tobe absorbed in devote oneself tokeep ones mind onbe concentrated onbe preoccupied withobstinacy obstinacy (n.) u being not easy to give way to argument; stubbornness eg: Sheer obstinacy prevente

45、d her from apologizing. 她固执得就是不道歉。 Everybody knows his obstinacy. obstinate (adj.) not easily giving way to argument eg: Everybody knows that he is obstinate The obstinate old man refused to go to hospital. as obstinate as a mule非常固执，死心眼非常固执，死心眼 eg: He is as obstinate as a mule.justify: v. Justify s

46、th.; justify that; be justified in doingdemonstrate or prove to be just, right, or valid证明证明.正确正确Sometimes anger is justified by the circumstances. 那些编辑有充分的理由拒绝你的文章。那些编辑有充分的理由拒绝你的文章。The editors are justified in refusing your articles.Before Reading Global Reading After ReadingThe end justifies the m

47、eans.为了正当目的可以不择手段Justifiable:that can be justified 可证明是正确的可证明是正确的 eg: If the plan is justifiable, well take these steps. None of these questions is justifiable. justified (adj.) - reasonable eg: I know that he is justified. Justification: have justification for, in justification of There is no justi

48、fication for his rude behaviour. The justification of his conduct will not be easy. Paraphrase 1) Do you have any reason for your absence? 2) His reason for being absent is his illness. 3) The traffic jam could not be his reason for his being late. in justification of . - in order to justify. eg: In

49、 justification of his conduct, he wrote a report of what he did. Change the verb form justify into the noun form: 1) In order to justify what he did, he held a meeting. 2) In order to justify our plan, we held a debate. 3) In order to justify the tax policy, the Prime Minister made a speech on TV. G

50、enerally, there are certain differences which justify the separate treatment of international trade and domestic trade. 有些差异使得区别对待国内贸易和国际贸易得到合理解释。（直） 有些差异证明分开处理（？）分开处理（？）国际贸易和国内贸易是合理的。（直） 一般来说，有些差异使我们必须对这两种贸易区别对待。（意） eg: The Prime Minister justified the action of the government. Paraphrase 1) He tri

51、ed to show that his behavior was right. 2) You can not show that your conduct is good. 3) You illness can not show that your absence is right. 4) How can he show that what he said is right?tycoon: n.1. rich and powerful businessman (“tycoon” came into English from Japanese)It is said a tycoon has bo

52、ught this factory. Before Reading Global Reading After Reading2. software for computer gamesbed-ridden: adj.confined to bed (by illness or old age) 卧床不起卧床不起She has left behind two daughters and a son to mourn her death while her mother is bed-ridden for years.Before Reading Global Reading After Read

53、ingpoverty-strickenflood-strickenweather-beaten非常贫穷非常贫穷受洪灾的受洪灾的饱经风霜饱经风霜sun-tanned 风吹日晒风吹日晒town-bred 城里出生和长大的城里出生和长大的man-made 人造的人造的heart-broken心碎的心碎的Word formation: n. + pp.a slip of paper:a small piece of paperBefore Reading Global Reading After Readingcf. a slip of the pen / the tongue:a small / u

54、nimportant mistake in ones speech or writingSlip: v. fall by sliding滑，溜，溜走，被忽略My foot slippedShe slipped out of the room.He slipped out the secret.I slipped a note to her.His birthday completely slipped my mind.The writing of an argumentation introduction: state specifically what your idea is. (set

55、forth your proposition)The body: provide one or two or more reasons to support your idea or describe your idea. conclusion: bring what you have written to a natural, convincing conclusion or a summary from your preceding arguments. The style of this essay Not a serious argument Informal, Humorous, a

56、ggressive exaggeration(a pest, dripping from, in a hundred years time, half asphyxiated)Reversal of the readers expectation(dont want to have a phone, an unexpected ending)Striking comparison（telephone directory Shakespeare and Bible）1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a telephone

57、?2. On what occasions are you unwilling to answer a telephone?Free DiscussionDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading After ReadingAdvantages:1. convenient 2. comparatively easy and quick to get in touch with someone3. save time 4. be informed about anything or get an important message at any time 5. necessar

58、y to have a telephone at least for outgoing calls in case of emergency6. talk to your friend, have a meeting, order anything you like, make business calls to anywhere or even settle an accountDetailed ReadingBefore Reading Global Reading Disadvantages:1. be disturbed in the middle of doing something

59、2. get calls from people youve never met or hate to speak to 3. waste a lot of time 4. be plagued (tortured)by some idle chatterbox or some reporter 5. get obscene (offensive/indecent)or early morning calls6. tend to spend more money when: (a) your telephone goes wrong (b) you get the post office to

60、 monitor your calls 7. be threatened by some idle joker or be fooled on 1st AprilBefore Reading Global Reading Key words of unit 5 Incline, argument, pose as, suspense Fidget, assure, inquisitive, obstinacy Justify, flavoured, elope, indiscreet, Unventilated, pest, emergency, be bent on Aptitude, a