大学英语专业精读课件

1、Confucius the PhilosopherGroup 3contents1234ExtensionAnalysis of complex sentences &the words Confucius saidLanguage pointsText structure & main idea 1 Text structure &main idea Lead-in1、what is the writing style of this passage? ( 4 types of writing ) 2、Could you divide the passage into

2、 2 parts? And try to summarize the main idea of each part.descriptionText structure Para 1- 6: Confucius attitude towards materials( gratuties/fees/food/clothing) ,learning and his disciples Para 7-17: Disciples influence on Confucius and his answers to disciples inquiry2022-6-92022-6-9Attitude(adj.

3、)aspectsCareless/indifferentmaterials( gratuties/fees/food/clothing) contemptibleSloth and lazinessNot so strictdisciplesThe inquiries1、(Para 8-11) ? Injury should be recompensed by kindness, that one should return good for evil?2、(para 12-13)? altruism2022-6-98 2Language points2022-6-91rigid/rdd/Co

4、llocation: bored rigid 极度无聊 derivation:l n. rigidity l adv. rigidlyExample：The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.Line 1lmeaningl（of rule, methods）very strict and difficult to changel（of a person）not willing to change their ideal（of an object）stiff and difficult to move or bend meaning Used to

5、refer to the general sense or meaning of something written or spoken 大意是2022-6-92to the effect thatLine 5Examples:He left a note to the effect that he would not be return.The president made a declaration to the effect that the government would try every means to rescue the hostagel To know morel to

6、no effect 毫无成效l with effect from 从开始生效lmeaningln. kindness and tolerance in judging others 对他人宽容ln. An organization for helping people in need 慈善机构2022-6-93 charity /trt/Line 9l Collocation:l show no charity for 对绝不宽容Derivation:adj. charitable Example:My mother often tells me that it is a virtue to

7、look upon others with charity. Meaning not at all 当然不行；绝不是2022-6-94by no meansLine 48l Examples: l It is by no means easy to satisfy everyone.l By no means can you smoke here.l To know more:l by all means l 可以；没问题. Can I sit here？ Yes, by all meansl 一定要；务必。 Come to the party by all means2022-6-95alt

8、ruism ltruzmn. 利他；利他主义Collocation: pure altruism: 纯粹利他主义ethical altruism: 伦理利他主义altruism theory: 利他主义理论derivation:altruistic: adj.利他的altruistically: adv.利他地altruist: n.爱他主义者antonym: egoismsynonym: selflessness 例句例句：1. Among his gifts is his capacity for true altruism. 他的诸多优点之一就是能够真正地乐于助人.2. Virtue i

9、s a moral conduct , with self - sacrifice as the means of altruism. 美德是一种以 自我牺牲 作为利他的手段的道德品质.Line 412022-6-96appraise prezvt. 评价，鉴定；估价benefit appraise 效益评估 appraise oneself 自我评价appraisalgraduation appraisal 毕业鉴定 appraisal feedback 考评反馈 n. 评价，鉴定，估价collocation:collocation:derivation: appraiser 例句：例句：1

10、. An employer should appraise the ability of his men. 雇主应该鉴定员工的能力.2. Self-appraisal is never easy. 进行自我评价向来很难。Line 44Line 472022-6-97mediocre mi:diuk(r)adj. 普通的; 中等的; 平庸的derivation:mediocrity : 平庸;平凡; 庸人mediocracy: 平庸主义;庸人统治synonym: ordinary; mediumantonym: extraordinary;extreme Collocation: mediocr

11、e person:庸人;俗子 mediocre minds:平凡人 merely mediocre:不过尔尔例句：例句：1. A mediocre successor and a man not to be feared too greatly. 他不过是一个平平庸庸的继承人而已,一个不足以大惊小怪的人物.2. Sensitive souls were writing mediocre romances. 敏感的人们都在写平淡无奇的传奇故事.Line 532022-6-98adj. 教条的; 固执己见的; 武断的;dogmatic dgmtk derivation: dogmatism :教条

12、主义9adj. 严厉的; 阴沉的; 嶙峋的; dour dau(r) dour determination:固执的决定rather dour:脸色阴沉collocation:10turn out to be: 结果是，原来是，证明是turn sth. inside out: 把某处翻得乱七八糟distinguish for: 因而出名Distinguishfrom: 辨别，把与区分开来Line 48Line 58 3 the words Confucius said & Analysis of complex sentences Line 12Rotten wood cannot be

13、 carved, a wall of dirty earth will not receive the trowel! What is the use of my trying to teach this fellow!You cannot carve anything out of rotten wood nor plaster up wall built up of rubbish.朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可圬也【注释】 (1)粪土：腐土、脏土.(2)圬：音w,抹墙用的抹子.这里指用抹子粉刷墙壁.译文：腐烂的木头不可以雕刻。用脏土垒砌的墙面不堪涂抹！2022-6-9Line 20“Hui

14、gives me no assistance. There is nothing that I say in which he does not delight.”子曰：“回也非助我者也，于吾言无所不说。”【译文】孔子说：“颜回不是对我有帮助的人，他对我说的话没有不心悦诚服的。”2022-6-9 Line 33 “What do you say,” asked the disciple,” about the idea that injury should be recompensed by kindness, that one should return good for evil?”或曰

15、“以德报怨，何如？”2022-6-9Line 37“If you returned kindness for injury, and good for evil,” he replied,” what would you return for kindness and what for good? No! Recompense injury and evil with justice! Recompense kindness with kindness, good with good!”【The initial version】【原文】或曰 “以德报怨，何如？”子曰：“何以报德？以直报怨，以德

16、报德。”Someone said, What do you say concerning the principle that injury should be recompensed with kindness?The master said, With what then will you recompense kindness?Recompense injury with justice, and recompense kindness with kindness.“2022-6-9Line 43“Do not do unto others what you would not have

17、 others do unto you.”己所不欲，勿施于人。【some other translations】（1）：Do as you would be done by others.（2）：Do not do to others what you would not want them to do to you.（3）：Do not do to others what you would not like to do.（4）：Treat others as you want to be treated.2022-6-92022-6-92022-6-9亻（人）二 to signify hu

18、man means twoRen （仁）the love which joints two human beings togetherthe humanity which teaches how human beings must behave towards othersLine 50“At first,” he said,” my way with men was to hear their words and give them credit for their conduct. Now my way is to hear their words, and look at their c

19、onduct.”始吾于人也，听其言而信其行；今吾于人也，听其言而观其行。论语公冶长2022-6-9Line 60“It only goes to show,” he said,” how far a horse fly can travel on the tail of a horse.”颜渊虽笃学，附骥尾而行益显。史记伯夷列传【以附骥尾】苍蝇附在千里马的尾巴上随着千里马跑至远方。比喻因沾别人光而成名。【Background】Yan Hui, the masters favorite student is compared to a horse fly（牛虻）. Its a metaphor

20、used in a satirical way to indicate that Hui was given high honor by “flattering” Confucius.2022-6-9Complex sentences2022-6-9Line 4 He once said to the effect that in his teachings he would present one corner of a proposition and if the student could not from that construct the other three corners h

21、e bothered no more about him.to the effect that 大意是大意是bother about 过问过问no more=not any more2022-6-9 Line 7 No doubt that was his theory |but his disciples were warmly attached to him and he was warmly attached to them and some of the least brilliant followed him for years, so in his teachings he was

22、 not so strict as this theory would indicate.Be attached to 喜爱；爱慕喜爱；爱慕 full of affection or fondness2022-6-9Line 22 The master was probably as fortune in his involuntary selection of disciples as they were in their carefully considered selection of a master.Because the questions that his disciples p

23、ut were not the idle inquires but the earnest questionings that stimulated the mind of the Master.2022-6-9Line 23 Many of them were men of but little less than his own age who proved , by their later careers, the brilliancy of their minds and the soundness of their characters.little less than /littl

24、e more than 相差无几相差无几brilliant minds 聪明的头脑聪明的头脑sound characters 健全的人格健全的人格2022-6-92022-6-9 4extensionThe historical background of Master Kung:2022-6-9lived during the Spring and Autumn period (772-481 BCE) of the Eastern Zhou period (770-221 BCE)During this time, the society was marked by the weakeni

25、ng of traditional political authority.he tries to discover wider remedies (救济方案）1.Rites （礼）The rites include the behaviours that indicate moral appropriateness and cultured decorum (得体）in relationships and ceremonies.They present behaviours displayed by a person of moral character and refinement.2022-6-9Confucius said of the Ji Family, “They have eight rows of dancers performing in their courtyard. If they can condone this, what are they not capable of?”孔子谓季氏。八佾（y）舞于庭。是可忍也，孰不可忍也。（八佾篇）2.Filial