语法复习：动词时态

1、 语法复习：语法复习：动动 词词 时时 态态 一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时的的 “用法用法”1.1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作表示经常性或习惯性的动作, ,常与常与表示频度表示频度的时间状语连用的时间状语连用. .I leave home for school at 7 every morning. Sometimes he cycles to work . 2.2.表示表示 客观真理客观真理, 客观存在客观存在, 科科学事实学事实.The earth moves around the sun.He told me Shanghai lies in the east of China

2、.一般现在时一般现在时的的 “用法用法”3.3.表示状态表示状态, ,感觉感觉, ,思想思想, ,理解的动理解的动词词, ,如如: :be, lie, understand, forget, think, love, like, know, smell, sound, taste, ,常用一般现在时常用一般现在时, ,不用进行时不用进行时.He loves his mother very much.You dont understand what a difficult situation Im in.一般现在时一般现在时的的 “用法用法”一般现在时一般现在时 “表将来表将来”1.1.用于计划

3、用于计划, ,决定决定, ,时刻表时刻表; ;句中句中常带有时间状语常带有时间状语, ,( (仅限于少数动仅限于少数动词词) ), 可表示将要发生的动作可表示将要发生的动作.少数动词少数动词: begin, come, go, arrive, leave, return, start, stop, open, closeThe meeting begins at 9:30 this morning.The plane leaves for Sydney next Monday .2. .在在 when, before, as soon as, until, if, as long as 等引导

4、的时间、条件等引导的时间、条件状语从句中状语从句中, ,用一般现在时表示用一般现在时表示将要将要发生的动作发生的动作; ;( (不管其带有将来的时不管其带有将来的时间状语与否间状语与否) ). When he is 18 next year, he will join the army.He wont forgive me even if I apologize.一般现在时一般现在时 “表将来表将来” 一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时的的“用法用法”1.1.表示表示在在确定的过去时间里确定的过去时间里所所发生的动作或存在的状态发生的动作或存在的状态. .(确定的过去确定的过去)时间状语

5、时间状语: in 2005, yesterday, last year, two years ago, the other day, an hour ago Where did you go just now?He lived in village when he was young.一般过去时一般过去时的的 “用法用法”2.2.表示表示在过去一段时间内在过去一段时间内, 发生的发生的连串性连串性, 经常性经常性 或或习惯性习惯性 的动作的动作. .He entered the room, took off his coat, and went to sleep.He used to / wo

6、uld swim in that river.一般过去时一般过去时的的 “用法用法”3.3.在在委婉用语委婉用语 及及 虚拟语气虚拟语气中表示中表示 “现在现在, 将来将来” 的情况的情况. .Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.一般过去时一般过去时的的 “用法用法”注意比较下列句型注意比较下列句型你该去睡觉了。你该去睡觉了。 It is time for you to go to bed.It is time

7、you went to bed 我宁愿呆在家里。我宁愿呆在家里。Id rather stay at home.我宁愿你明天来。我宁愿你明天来。Id rather you came tomorrow. 一般将来时一般将来时一般将来时一般将来时的的 “用法用法”1.1.shall用于第一人称用于第一人称, 常被常被will 所代所代替。替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称在陈述句中用于各人称,在在征求意见时常用于第二人称征求意见时常用于第二人称. .Which book shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?一般将来

8、时一般将来时的的 “用法用法”2. be going to do，表示将来，表示将来.What are you going to do tomorrow?The play is going to be put on next week. Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. 一般将来时一般将来时的的 “用法用法”3. be to do, 表将来表将来, 指按计划或正指按计划或正式安排将发生的事式安排将发生的事. 或上级让下或上级让下级做的事级做的事, 表示表示命令命令。The president is to visit C

9、hina next week.You are to finish the report before Friday.He is about to leave for Beijing.The store is about to close.一般将来时一般将来时的的 “用法用法”4. be about to do, 表即将发生的动表即将发生的动作作. 后面不能与后面不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用语连用.一般将来时一般将来时的的 “用法用法”5. be due to, 表示将来表示将来, 与时间表与时间表, 旅行计划等有关旅行计划

10、等有关.The train is due to leave at 7:00. He is due to leave for Japan very soon. 现在进行时现在进行时现在进行时现在进行时的的 “用法用法”2.习惯进行习惯进行: 表示长期的或重复表示长期的或重复性的动作性的动作, 说话时动作说话时动作未必正在未必正在进行进行.1.表示现在表示现在 (指说话人说话时指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情正在发生的事情.We are waiting for you.He is writing another novel.现在进行时现在进行时的的 “用法用法”3.用于表示表示渐变的动词用于表示表

11、示渐变的动词, 如如:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin.The leaves are turning red.It is getting warmer and warmer.4.少数位移动词少数位移动词, 如：如：move, come, go, stay, arrive, leave, return, sail, start, spend, meet, do, 可用进行可用进行式表示将来式表示将来. 现在进行时现在进行时的的 “用法用法”Is she staying here for a week?He is returning tomorrow.

12、现在进行时现在进行时的的 “用法用法”4.进行时与进行时与always, constantly, forever 等词连用等词连用, 表示反复发生表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态的动作或持续存在的状态, 往往带往往带有说话人的主观色彩有说话人的主观色彩.You are always /constantly /forever changing your mind.现在进行时现在进行时的的 “用法用法”不用于进行时的动词不用于进行时的动词表事实状态的动词表事实状态的动词,如如:belong, have (有有), possess, include, contain, matter, weigh,

13、 measure, continue, cost, owe, exist. I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.现在进行时现在进行时的的 “用法用法”不用于进行时的动词不用于进行时的动词表感觉表感觉,心理状态的动词心理状态的动词.如如: know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, recognize, want, agree, remember, forget, prefer, understand, mean, need, love, hate.I need y

14、our help.I prefer tea to coffee.现在进行时现在进行时的的 “用法用法”不用于进行时的动词不用于进行时的动词表瞬间的动词表瞬间的动词. 如如: allow, accept, complete, give, receive, finish, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.现在进行时现在进行时的的 “用法用法”不用于进行时的动词不用于进行时的动词系动词系动词. 如如: seem, feel, taste, remain, smell, lie. You seem a little tired. 过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时过

15、去进行时的的 “用法用法”1.表示表示过去某一时刻过去某一时刻或某一时段或某一时段正在进行正在进行的状态或动作的状态或动作. 常与状语常与状语at that time, from 8 to 9, all day yesterday, while, when 连用连用.What was he doing this time yesterday?In 2001 she was studying in a university.过去进行时过去进行时的的 “用法用法”2.用于描述故事中的用于描述故事中的情节情节, 场面场面, 或一件事发生的或一件事发生的背景背景. The truth, sir, is

16、 that the old man was walking across the road when my car hit him.过去进行时过去进行时的的 “用法用法”3.用于表示一个用于表示一个长动作长动作发生的时候发生的时候, 另一个另一个短动作短动作发生发生.As (when/while) she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep. 现在完成时现在完成时现在完成现在完成时时的的 “用法用法”1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果动作对现在造成的影响或结果. 通常通常与与just,

17、 already, before, yet, never, ever 连用连用.I have never heard of that before.Have you milked the cow yet? 现在完成现在完成时时的的 “用法用法”2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续持续到现在到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或也许还会持续下去的动作或状态状态. 可以和可以和表示从过去某一时刻延表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在续到现在(包括现在在内包括现在在内)的一段时间的一段时间的状语连用的状语连用. 如如: for, since, so far, now, today, th

18、is week (month, year) 等等.I havent seen her these days. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?现在完成现在完成时时的的 “用法用法”3. 现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中状语从句中, 表示将来某时完成的动表示将来某时完成的动作作(比主句的动作早完成比主句的动作早完成).Dont open the door until the bus has stopped.If it has stopped snowing, well go to the

19、park.现在完成现在完成时时的的 “用法用法”延续动词与瞬间动词延续动词与瞬间动词用于完成时的区别用于完成时的区别: 延续动词表示延续动词表示经验经验,经历经历; 瞬间动词表示瞬间动词表示行为的结果行为的结果,不能不能与表示段的时间状语连用。与表示段的时间状语连用。 He has completed the work. Ive known him since then. 过去完成时过去完成时过去完成过去完成时时的的 “用法用法”1. 表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态之前完成的动作或状态;句中常用句中常用by, before, until, when

20、 等时间状语等时间状语.By the end of last term, we had learned 12 units.Mary had been a nurse before she went to / entered medical college. 2. 在在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。等动词后的宾语从句。I heard that he had been fired by the company.He said (that) he had never been to the USA. 过去完成过去完成时时的的 “用法用法”过去完

21、成时的过去完成时的 “用法用法”3. 表示意向的动词表示意向的动词, 如如 hope, suppose, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, 等等, 用过去完成时表示用过去完成时表示“原本打算做而未原本打算做而未做的事做的事, 未能未能He had meant to see me off , but he got to the airport too late.I had thought you could pass the exam, but you failed. 过去完成过去完成时时的的 “用法用法”4. 在在虚拟语气虚拟语气中中, 表示对过去的假设表示

22、对过去的假设.要是你昨晚有来就好了。要是你昨晚有来就好了。 If only you had come last night.过去完成过去完成时时的的 “用法用法”5. 在在 hardlywhen 和和 no sooner than. (一一.就就.)句式中句式中, 主句用过主句用过去完成时去完成时, 且常用且常用倒状倒状。Hardly had I come back when the telephone rang. No sooner had I returned than the telephone rang. 过去将来时过去将来时过去将来过去将来时时的的 “用法用法”1. 表示从表示从过去

23、的某一时间过去的某一时间看将要发生看将要发生的动作的动作, 或表示过去习惯性动作或表示过去习惯性动作,它常它常用在用在宾语从句宾语从句中中. Whenever I had trouble then, he would help me. Would it be all right if he knew his illness? 过去将来过去将来时时的的 “用法用法”过去将来时的其它表达形式过去将来时的其它表达形式 1) was/weregoing to动词原形动词原形I didnt know if he was going to join in the game.过去将来过去将来时时的的 “用法

24、用法”过去将来时的其它表达形式过去将来时的其它表达形式 2) was/wereto动词原形动词原形They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day过去将来过去将来时时的的 “用法用法”过去将来时的其它表达形式过去将来时的其它表达形式 3) was/were about to动词原形动词原形我们正要出去天我们正要出去天(突然突然)下起雨来下起雨来. We were about to go out when it began to rain1.We were all surprised when he made it clea

25、r that he _ office soon A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left 2. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come Choose the best answers: 3. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but

26、soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. had returned C . returns D. was returning 4. I _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 5. I _ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able t

27、o get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. hoped D. had hoped6. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 将来完成时将来完成时将来完成将来完成时时的的 “用法用法”表示在表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作的动作或一直持续的动作. 经常与经常与“before+将来时间将来时间” 或或 “by+将来将来时间时间” 连用连用; 也可与也可与be

28、fore 或或by the time引导的从句连用引导的从句连用. 有时可表示推有时可表示推测测. By the end of this week, I shall have finished the book.The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时现在完成进行现在完成进行时的时的 “用法用法”1.表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。现在这个动作可能已经延续到现在。现在这个动作可能已经终止，终止，也可能仍然在进行着也可能仍然在进行着。It

29、has been raining for three hours.I have been waiting here for you for two hours. 现在完成进行现在完成进行时的时的 “用法用法” Be Careful! The workers has been painting the door.The workers has painted the door.2.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时和和现在完成时现在完成时的区的区别在于别在于: 它更强调动作的它更强调动作的延续性延续性; 在没在没有时间状语时有时间状语时,它表示动作仍在进行它表示动作仍在进行, 而现在完成时则表示动作而

30、现在完成时则表示动作已经结束已经结束.Complete the Following Passage Hi, Su! Sorry, I _ (not write) for such a long time. I _ (be) very busy with my studies. I _ (not be) very well lately so I went to the doctor and guess what? It _ (seem) I _ (do) too much study and not _ (get) enough relaxation! It _ (be) shocking t

31、o find that I _ (suffer) from stress. The doctor told me that I have to balance my work with other activities. It _ (be) easy because my studies are so important and I never _ (seem) to have enough time for everything. Anyway, I _ (work) out a plan for myself. I now _ (stop) for an hour at lunchtime

32、 to sit and chat with my friends and I _ (take) a walk after school. I even _ (start) doing Tai Chi with my mother first thing in the morning. And you know, It _ (be) surprising how much more work I now _ (get) done, and I _ (feel) great! I must go now. Please write back when you _ (have) time. Love

33、, LiHi, Su! Sorry, I _ (not write) for such a long time. I _ (be) very busy with my studies. I _ (not be) very well lately so I went to the doctor and guess what? It _ (seem) I _ (do) too much study and not _ (get) enough relaxation! havent writtenhave beenhavent beenseemshave been doinggetting It _ (be) shocking to find that I _ (suffer) from stress. The doctor told me that I have to balanc