托福听力分类词汇完整

1、新托福旧T听力场景入学：enrollment登记，注册openingceremonyn开业典礼,仪式commencementceremony毕业典礼convocationn正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientationmeeting开学说明会staffn.全体职员freshman（大学）一年级学生sophomore（大学）二年级学生junior（大学）三年级学生senior（大学）四年级学生tuition,fee费用placementtest开学测试excellent出色的average平均的，一般的belowaverage低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓：university-presi

2、dent大学，校长chancellor名誉校长college学院school学院dean院长principal中学校长professor教授associateprofessor副教授assistantprofessor助理教授coordinator班主任，协调人counselor辅导员advisor指导老师instructor讲师tutor个人辅导supervisor管理人undergraduate本科graduate研究生建筑物buildings:canteen餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅administrationbuilding行政大楼mainbuilding主楼wing/annex

3、酉己楼teachingbuilding教学楼dormitoryn.宿舍auditoriumn.会堂，礼堂=lecturehallassemblyn集合，集会hallcomputerlab计算实验室，机房dininghall食堂选课学科major主修minor副修science理科，arts文科，engineering工科Mathematics数学physics物理chemistry化学biology生物学geography地理学electronics电子学computerscience计算机科学astronomy天文学electronicsengineering电子工程学botany植物学ps

4、ychology心理学zoology动物学architecture建筑学oceanography海洋学ecology生态学medicalscience医学archaeology考古学history历史学linguistics语言学pedagogies教育学，教学法anthropology人类学economics经济学statistics统计学accounting会计学philosophy哲学类型required、compulsorycourse必修课selective/optionalcourse选修课electivecourse选修课lecture讲座seminar高级研讨性课colloqu

5、iumn.报告课tutorial个人辅导课程workshop专题课程级别Introductory入门级elementary,fundamental初级Intermediate,secondary中级Advanced高级Prerequisite先修课程上课：Attendclass上课Missclass缺课Skipclass逃课Syllabus教学大纲Requiredtextbook要求的课本Attendance出勤Gradingsystem打分体系Classparticipation课堂参与semester/term学期quarter小学期courseguideline课程纲要major主修mi

6、nor副修exemption免修syllabus教学大纲Professor'ssignal:激掇的签字（用于注册课程）Coursecap课程容量（可以招收的学生数），openings（可供注册的名额）Take选（课），drop退（课）Lateregistration晚注册Deregistration注销教师称号professor教授lecturer=instructor讲师teachingassistant=TA助教researchassistant=RA助研counselor,adviser咨询者，顾问president大学校长teacher/faculty教师student'

7、;sadvisor学生顾问physicist物理学家mathematician数学家chemist化学家historian历史学家statistician统计学家作业：assignment作业homework=coursework=schoolwork=studies作业labreport实验报告bookreport读书报告project作业presentation发言termpaper学期论文（researchpaperthesis/essay/dissertation论文journal学术期刊socialinvestigation社会调查survey调查questionnairen调查表，

8、问卷observationn观察interviewvt.n.采访collectdata收集数据broad（论文等）内容宽泛narrowdown（论文等）缩小范围source（写论文的）参考资料criticalthinking评判性思维lackyourownideas缺少自己的想法deadlinen最终期限extension延期duedate/time期限outlinen.大纲,提纲（roadmap）bibliographyn书目，参考书目reference参考plagiarismn.抄袭revisev.修改rewritev.重写finaldraft完成稿speechn演讲presentatio

9、n演讲，陈述eyecontact目光接触intonation音调考试：mid-termexam期中考finalexams=finals期末考cumulativefinal总结性考试take-homeexam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-bookexam开卷考试subjectivetest主观性测试objectivetest客观性测试popquiz抽查式测验bluebook答题本assessment估价appraisaln评价，估价makeupfor补考,resit,retake重考grade（mark、score）分数成绩：perfectgrade优异成绩lowgrade低分

10、highmark高分passinggrade及格分failinggrade不及格分fullmarks满分straightA's全AbeallA'sandB's全是A和BBplusB力口AminusA减passtheiexamwithflyingcolors以优异成绩通过考试graduatewithhonors以荣誉毕业diploma,degree,certificate文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication出版物periodical期千Umagazine杂志bookcatal

11、ogue图书目录classifiedcatalogue分类目录bibliography参考书目titleindex书目索引alphabeticindex按字母顺序排列的索circulationdesk借书处reservedbooks馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）librarycard借书证overduefine过期罚金periodicalreadingroom期干U阅览室onlinejournal在线期干Uvideotape录像带backissue过期杂志currentissue近期杂志archive档案non-fiction非小说类文学作品science-fiction科幻小说copier复印

12、机checkout办理（借、还）手续renew续借overdue过期interlibraryservice馆际服务部分名称informationdeskm服务台delivery/circulationdesk借书台shelfn.书架photocopyroom复印室returnarea还书处studentslocker学生存储问referencesection参考书部科研过程|HypothesisAlternativehypothesis择一假说Nullhypothesis无效假说，零假说CollectdataSurvey,questionnaireExperimentInterfere,inf

13、luenceObservationAnalyzedataInterpretdataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatmentgroupNon-treatmentControlgroup校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letterofreference/recommendationCompetitiveBenefitfuturecareerFieldresearchCollectdataforpapersWaiter,waitress,BabysitterWorkatthelibraryQualification资格，qualified合格的Resume,

14、CVfinancialaid经济援助ScholarshipFellowshipTeachingassistantship助教奖学金Researchassistantships究奖学金Grant助学金Loan贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based以优秀为基础Studentunion学生会Clubs俱乐部Membership成员资格Careerservice住宿：宿舍：accommodationn住处,膳宿residencehall宿舍suite套问studio工作室，独立套问village村落(校内一栋一栋的房子,可以用做宿舍)loungen公共大厅(可以用做娱乐)home-

15、stay在国外住在房东家里的那roommate同屋者，室友corridorn.走廊,过道，租房leasen租借，租约landlord房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant房客pation.阳台，slidingdoorn.推拉门singleroom单人房twinroom双人房two-bedroomapartmenthousekey房锁匙床上用品：pillown.枕头bedlinenn.床上用品sheetn.被单mattressn床垫blanketn.毯子toweln.手巾，毛巾quiltn.棉被电器类electricappliance(instrument;equipment)电器h

16、eater,furnace力口热器，炉子heatingunit暖气片airconditioner空调设备stove炉子microwaveoven微波炉washer/dryer洗衣机/烘干机(laundry洗衣店)utensil器皿;用具kitchenutensil炊具oven烤箱；烤炉range煤气灶dishwasher洗碟机washingmachine洗衣机(hot-water)heater热水器coffeepot咖啡壶refrigerator(freezer)冰箱vacuumcleaner吸尘器tapeplayer录音机CDplayerCD机Laundromat自动洗衣店maintenan

17、ce维修，保养家具类furniture家具bookshelf书架bookcase书柜couch沙发chest柜子；橱；箱子dresser(bureau)梳妆台cabinet(电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard(closet)碗橱storagewall壁橱rug小地毯carpet地毯curtain窗帘bathtub浴缸fixture(房屋)固定装置furnishings室内陈设日常生活/问题：personalpossessions/property/belonging介人财getinsuranceforpersonalpossessions/property/belongsgarba

18、ge/rubbish/wastenfe圾disposev.处理gasmeter煤气表insectn.昆虫burglarn.夜贼leaking/leakagen.泄漏lostkey丢钥匙breakin闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Sliden.滑坡Landsliden.山体滑坡Mud泥土，soil土壤Earthn.土Sinkv.下沉Groundwater地下水Irrigationn.灌溉Freeze,froze,frozenv冻Meltv.融化moltenGravityn.重心Aggravatev力口重Leanv倾斜Slopen斜坡Steepadj陡峭Erodev.,erosionn腐蚀F

19、ossiln.化石Dinosaurn恐龙Sediment,deposit沉淀物Marble大理石granite花岗岩Ore矿石Stalactite钟乳石Refinev.提炼Platinumv.柏金Seismology地震学Vibration,tremor,震动Wave波动Volcano,volcanic火山，火山的Volcaniceruption火山喷发Magnitude级数Collisionn.碰撞Activeadj.积极的Dormantadj.休眠的Extinctadj.熄灭的Magman岩浆Lavan.岩浆Eruptv.喷发explodev.爆炸(explosion)boomn.爆炸Bl

20、astn.爆炸Avalanchen.雪崩地球科学Earth'sinterior地球的内部Seismicwaves地震波Compression压缩Shear(adeformationofanobjectinwhichparallelplanesremainparallelbutareshiftedinadirectionparalleltothemselves)Slowdown减慢速度Reflect反射Depth深度Density密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continentalplate大陆板块Tectonicplate(地球表面的)构造板块Con

21、tinentaldrift大陆漂移Layer,strata层Stratify分层Crack裂缝Moltenlava融化的岩浆Climaticshift=Climaticchanges气候变化Consistentpattern统一的，始终一致的Solarenergy太阳能Radiate发射，放射Crudeapproximation大概的猜测Speculation猜测Coolingdown冷去Mechanism机制LengthofthedayPhysicalforce体力Imaginaryline虚拟线Artificialreservoir人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再

22、分布Spin快速旋转Minerals矿物质Diverse多样的Specimen,Sample样品Abundant丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazonstones天河石Firingvapor炙热的水蒸汽Wipeout根除，彻底消灭MtEverest珠穆朗玛峰Elevation海拔，海拔增高Precisemeasurement1确的测量GlobalPositioningSystem全球定位系统Longitude经度Latitude维度Alternativesourcesofenergy可替代资源Gashydrate气体水合物Trap困住Flame火焰Potential潜在的Model模式Geol

23、ogicalfault地质断层Crack裂缝seismicgap地震活动空白地带postulate彳贸设chunk大块cylinder圆柱cylindrical圆柱形的groundtiltmeasurement地倾斜观测evacuate撤出sedimentaryadj.沉淀性的accumulate积累商业Insurance保险Note注意Contract合约Verbalagreement口头协议Repay偿还Interest利息Merchant商人Cautious谨慎的Paramount极为重要的Manufacture制造Label标签Contention所持观点Inform告知Cost成本P

24、rofit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supplyanddeman揪求Supplychain供应链Fluctuation浮动Recession衰退Depression萧条Marketingstrategies市场营销策略Survey调查Surplus剩余Shipment运输Distribution分布Retail零售Wholesale批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学|Socrates,PlatoandAristotleTheme主题Logic逻辑Rhetoric修辞Fundamentalcauses8本原因Principlesoftheuniverse宇宙的原

25、则Perceive看待，观察Perception观点Sense感觉Soul灵魂spiritElement组成成分Reasoning推理Ration理性,rational有理性的Contemplation沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明,justification合理的理由Explicit明确的Ethics道德规范Ethicaltheory伦理理论Moral有道德的Ultimatetruth终极真理Universal普遍的Searchfortruth追求真理Varyv.不相同Intrinsic内部的Extrinsic外部的Critic评论家Old

26、-fashioned过时的Valuable有价值的Survive生存，存活Conservative保守的Liberal开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive认知的Weaken削弱Diminish（影响力）减小Medieval中世纪Renaissance文艺复兴Doctrine教义，主义，学说Idealism唯心论，理想主义Epistemologyn.认识论Metaphysics形而上学，玄学Reconcile和解，调停天文学astronomyconstellation星座zodiac（星象学的星座）planet行星sun恒星Jupiter木星Plut

27、o冥王星Saturn土星Mercury水星Mars火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres谷物星(thelargestasteroidandthefirstdiscovered)Whitedwarf白矮星BigDipper北斗七星Asteroidbelt小行星带MilkyWay银河系Galaxyn.星系orbitv.运行n.轨道rotatev.转Axisn.轴trackn.轨道outerspace#太空gravityn.重力equatorn赤道tropical热带的brightnessn亮度dimensionn.维度distancen.距离Eclipse(日月食)Wa

28、ne,diminishv.逐渐变小Centripetal向心Centrifugal离心Nebula星云(animmensecloudofgas(mainlyhydrogen)anddustininterstellarspace)Nebulousadj.星云的Gas气体(rock,ice,hydrogen,oxygen)Particle微粒Polarlight极光Astronomical天文的Astrophysics天文物理学BigDipper北斗七星Blackhole黑洞Celestial大体的Celestialmap天体图Centrifugalforce离心力Chondrite球粒状陨石Ch

29、romosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise顺时针Cluster星团，一群星星Comet彗星Cosmos宇宙，cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission排放物，发射Faint微弱的Feeble微弱的Gaseousbodies气态包Gravitationalforce吸弓I力Greenwichmeantime格林尼治时间Highresolution高清晰度Ignite引燃Illusiveobject幻影物体Image影响，形象Infinite无限的Infraredray红外射线Interferometer干扰仪Intergalactic星系间的International

30、dateline国际日期变更线Interplanetary星球间的Interstellar星际的Leapyear闰年Lightyear光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive巨大的Meteor流星Meteorshower流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten融化的Nakedeye裸眼Observatory天文台Photosphere光球层Planetarium天文馆Planetoid小行星Polestar北极星Pseudoscience伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation辐射Revolution旋转Rotation旋转Satellit

31、e卫星Skyatlas天体图Solarcorona日冕Spacedebris太空垃圾Spaceshuttle太空飞船Spacesuit太空®Spin快速旋转Starcluster星群,星团Stellar星星的Sunspot太阳黑子Timedifference时差Timezone时区表演艺术(舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.)Genre艺术分类Performingart表演艺术moderndancepiece®代舞concert音乐会play居1Jopera歌居【Jfilm电影camera摄影camerashotanalytical分析的parallel平行的ballet芭蕾舞cho

32、reographer舞蹈指导Fine/visualarts视觉艺术Abstractart抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure曝光developfilm冲洗胶卷negativen.底片portrait(portrayv.)肖像，人像、stilllife静物sculpture雕塑statue人物雕像lifelike逼真的vividanthem国歌Critic评论家Criticism批评，评论Reviewn.评论Masterpiece杰作Haveaestheticvalue有美学价值Aestheticappeal美学吸弓I力Feature特点Characteris

33、tics特点Distinctadj.与众不同的Unique独一无二的Style风格Technique技巧Galleryn.画馆Editionn.专辑Releasev.发行Debutn.首映ImpressionistER象主义者ImpressionismER象派Perspective透视法Angle角度Press/Publishinghoused版社Acclaimv.盛赞mirage海市蜃楼prolific多产Preservev.保存Extinctadj.灭绝的，消失的、/文学Literature文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography自传detectivestori

34、es侦探小说drama戏居【Jnovel小说Novelist小说家collectionofshortstories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparativeliterature比较文学Diary日记Editorial社论，重要评论Fiction小说Aestheticism唯美Autobiography自传Descriptiveprose描述散文Fairytale童话Futurism未来派Legend传说Literarystudies文学研究Narrativeprose叙述性散文Podium讲台Prose散文Realism现实主义Schoolofliterature文学派别Leadin

35、gcharacter主要角色Literarycriticism文学评论Literarystudies文学学习Modernism现代主义Plot情节Poetry诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism超现实主义美术|Artgallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscapepainting风景画Oilpainting油画Paste粘贴Crayon蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation颜料Canvas帆布Wax蜡Spectrum光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural壁画Panora

36、ma全景Pasteldrawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architecturalstyle建筑风格Artdeco装饰艺术ArtmoderneGeometricpatterns几何图形Arch拱门Castle城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobbyn.大厅(entrancehall)Elevatorn.电梯Faaden.正面Stairs楼梯Interior内部的Exterior外部的Impressionisticstyle印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival复活Renais

37、sance文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantinearchitecture527(Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment伴奏Audition试听，试表演Bandmusic乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classicalmusic古典音乐Concerto协奏曲Lullaby催眠曲Duet二重奏Harmony和弦，和谐Rockandroll摇滚Serenade小夜曲Solo独奏Sonata奏鸣曲Symphony交响乐Ballad歌谣Folkmusic民间音乐Prelude前奏Epilogue尾声Score乐谱Note音符Notation乐谱，记号法Chordsymbol和弦符号L

38、yrics歌词Tempo节奏Melody主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune旋律Conduct指挥Violin小提琴Viola中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn'krmh:nn.变号（一种古双簧乐器）Harp竖琴考/anthropologist人类学家ecological生态的anthropologist生态人类学家archaeology考古学anthropology人类学morphology形态学Ancientcivilization古代文明origin起源originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid人（科）homogeneous同种

39、族（种类）的tribe部落clan氏族archeologist考古学家excavation挖掘excavate（unearth）挖掘Scoop铲子ruins遗迹，废墟remains遗迹，遗骸artifact手工艺品pottery陶器（potter）Porcelain瓷器fossil化石relic遗物，文物Rockpainting岩石画antique古物，古董antiquity古代，古老skull颅骨Cranial颅骨的StoneAge石器时代BronzeAge（青）铜器时代IronAge铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的Ex

40、hume挖掘PaleoanthropologyPrehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Aminoacid氨基酸Antibody抗体Bacterium细菌BiologicalagencyCalcium钙Carbohydrate碳水化合物Carbondioxide二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome染色体Disinfection消毒Enzymes酶Fatigue疲惫Fermentation发酵Fungus菌类Gene基因Geneticengineering基因工程学Glucose葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria

41、疟疾Microbe微生物Nucleus细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasiticanimal寄生动物Parasitediseased生虫病Parasitology寄生虫学Pathogen病菌，病原体Protozoa原生动物Sanitation卫生Schistosomiaisis血吸虫病Starch淀粉Sterilization消毒Toxin毒素Vaccine疫苗Virus病毒Yeast酵母动物livingorganism生物bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent啮齿类动物primate灵长类动物ape猿chimp

42、anzeen.黑猩猩gorilla大猩猩monkeyn.猴子mammal哺乳类动物dinosaurn恐龙bat(ecolotion)蝙蝠(声波定位)snowshoehare雪兔子raccoon浣熊polarbear北极熊snout(动物的)口鼻部；reptile爬行类动物snake,cobra眼镜蛇,rattlesnake响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail蜗牛amphibianadj.两栖动物crocodile鳄鱼frogn.青蛙tadpole蝌蚪toad蟾蛛pond池塘puddle水坑insectn.昆虫mosquito蚊子fly苍蝇cricket蟋蟀grasshopper蚱蜻honeybe

43、emonarchbutterfly大花蝶largemigratoryAmericanbutterflyhavingdeeporangewingswithblackandwhitemarkings;thelarvaefeedonmilkweedegg卵larvae幼虫caterpillar毛虫pupa/chrysalis茧termiten.白蚁marineadj.海洋的beaver狸whale鲸shark鲨鱼dolphin海豚penguin企鹅predatorn.捕食者preyn.被捕食者aquaticadj.水生的shrimp虾lobster龙虾clam蚌crab螃蟹bird,hummingb

44、irdartery动脉scale鳞片claw爪,paw爪子horn角hormone荷尔蒙intestine肠hive蜂巢pollenn.花粉pollinatev.授粉hibernate冬眠migratev.迁徙communicatev.交流camouflage保护色evolve进化evolutionn.进化endothermn温血动物，恒温动物poikilothermn.冷血动物beak鸟嘴enzymes酵母secretion(n.)secrete(v.)分泌pancreas胰腺odor气味(还有aromafragrancescentsmell)gland腺体chromosome染色体植物bo

45、tany植物学botanist植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带，冻原fungus(pl.fungi)菌类laurel月桂chestnuttree栗子树root根branch枝stem茎algae(pl.alga)海藻organism有机物birchtree(bark)桦树crops谷物corn玉米maize玉米chlorophyll叶绿素aminoacids氨基酸protein蛋白质nitrogen氮photosynthetic(adj.)photosynthesis(n.)光合作用lichen地衣，苔薛squash南瓜oneofagroupoflargevegetableswithsoli

46、dfleshandhardskins,suchasUMPKiNsbean豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral花的petal花瓣bloom开花blossom花pollen花粉moss苔葬herbicide除草剂herb草本植物herbivorous食草的classification分类hierarchy级另Uhazardous有毒害的Meteorology气象meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家forecast(predict)预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层Convection对流Stratosphere同温层B

47、arometer气压计current(气)流vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp(wet;moist;humid)潮湿的humidity湿度moisture潮湿；水分saturate饱和absorb吸收dew露frost霜fog(mist)雾smog烟雾droplet小水珠condense浓缩crystal水晶体downpour(torrentialrain)大雨tempest(storm)暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard(snowstorm)暴风雪avalanche(snowslide)雪崩precipitation(雨、露、雪等)降水Thunde

48、r雷Lightening闪电breeze微风Blast大风gale大风whirlwind旋风Cyclone旋风，飓风typhoon台风hurricane飓风Monsoon季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Duststorm沙尘暴tornado(twister,cyclone)龙卷风Tropicaldepression热带低气压Winddirection风向Windvelocity风速Windscale风力funnel漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus积雨云disaster(calamity,catastrophe)灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没overwhelmv.淹没drou

49、ght干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepidadj.微温的环保environmentalprotection环境保护environmentally-friendly环保的preservev保护，保存污染：pollute,pollution,pollutantcontaminantn.污染物contaminatev.污染ecosystem生态系统ecologyn.生态学antisepticadj.防腐的atmosphericpollution大气污染垃圾：rubbish,garbage,trash,waste,lit

50、ter处理:disposeof,burn,bury(landfill),recycle,reduce,reuse,dump回收:glass,paper,water,milkcarton牛奶盒,tyre,aluminiumcans铝罐,plasticbags,rubbishbagsbiodegradablepackaging可降角单包装,throwaway可，弃的disposable可丢弃的discouragev.不鼓励燃料none-renewable不可再生的fossilfuels矿石燃料：naturalgas,coal,petroleumlimited/finitenaturalresour

51、ces有限的自然资源alternativeenergy替代能源,replace=substitutev取代windpower,hydropower水电，solar(lunar)power太阳能,nuclearpower核能radioactivityn.辐射性useup,deplete,exhaustv.用光，耗尽conservev.节省，节约，污染:waterpollution,airpollution,soilpollution土壤污染，noisepollutionsoilerosion土壤侵蚀soilpollution土壤污染stainn.污染,污点，玷污stinkv.发出臭味tarn.焦油toxicchemical有毒的化学物品fumen.烟，气味lightpollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticiden杀虫齐1Jchemicalwaste化学废料congestv使充满危害动物：po