铸造专业英语词汇

1、Abating 退火Abrasion 磨损Abrasive paper 砂纸Abrasive wheel 砂轮Accessory 附件，活块Acicular ferrite 针状铁素体 Acid refractory 酸性耐火材料Acid-proof cast iron / acid-resistance casting/ acid resisting cast iron 耐酸铸件 Acid slay 酸性渣 Active clay 有效粘土AFS fineness 美国铸造学会型砂粒度Agitator 搅拌机（型砂试验） Agitation 搅拌Air blower 鼓风机Air drain

2、 出气口（浇注系统）Air pollution control 大气污染控制Air tightness 气密性Air vent 出气孔Allowance 余量，津贴，补助，宽容Alloying agent 合金元素Alloying component 合金成分Anti-rust 防锈Argon 氩气Atomization 雾化，喷雾 Atomizer test 雾化试验（检验金属表面油脂）Attack 侵蚀Attack polishing method 侵蚀抛光法Automatic charging 自动加料Automatic de-sprueing 自动切除冒口 Automatic mold

3、ing 自动造型Automatic pouring device 自动浇注装置Automatic sand plant 自动化砂处理装置Baked core 干砂芯Balance 天平/余额Ball feeder 球状冒口Ball hardness 布氏硬度Ball hardness testing machine 布氏硬度机Ball mill 球磨机Band/belt conveyer 皮带输送机Band/belt elevator 皮带斗式提升机Bar bend test 试棒抗弯试验Base 底，基础 Base line 基线Base plate 底板Base sand 原砂Basic

4、碱性的，基本的Batch mill / batch sand mixer 混砂机Beader pearlite 珠光体Bed charge/coke 底焦Belt grinder 带式磨光机Bending strength 抗弯强度Bentonite 膨润土Binder 粘结剂Bituminous coal dust/black dust 煤粉Black short 冷脆Black skin 黑皮，铸皮Blank 毛胚，下料Blast 鼓风，送风Blast capacity 风量Blast fan 离心式鼓风机Blast hole 风口Blast intensity 鼓风强度Blast pre

5、ssure gage 风压表Blast regulator 风量调节器Blast volume 风量Bleed 缺肉，台箱跑火Blender 混砂机，搅拌机Blind feeder/head 暗冒口Blind roaster 马弗炉Blind scab 起痂Blister 皮下气泡Blow down 停炉Boiling point 沸点Bond 粘结剂，合同Bond clay 造型粘土Bond strength 粘结强度 Bottom door 炉底们Bottom drop 打炉Breaking-in 带肉Brinell hardness 布氏硬度Brittleness 脆性Brittle f

6、racture 脆性断口，脆性断裂B type graphite B型石墨Buffing 抛光Buffing machine 抛光机Bunker 料斗CE carbon equivalent 碳当量Carbide 碳化物carbon dioxide二氧化碳carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbon pick-up 增碳carburetter 增碳剂，汽化器case hardening 表面硬化case gate 内浇口casting alloy 铸造合金casting defect/ casting flaw 铸造缺陷casting design 铸造设计casting equipm

7、entcasting ladle 浇包casting lap 铸造冷隔casting leakage 铸造渗漏casting plan 铸造方案casting property 铸造性能casting rate 浇注速度casting skin 铸皮，黑皮casting strain 铸造（内应力）变形casting stress 铸造应力casting surface表皮casting technique 铸造工艺/技术cast integral test bar 单铸试棒caulk 腻缝，抿灰Celsius thermometer 摄氏温度计Cementite 渗碳体，碳化铁Center

8、gate 中心浇口 Center line 中心线Chain hoist 手动葫芦Charging 加料Charger 加料机Charging material 炉料/批料 Chilled cast iron 冷铁Chill element 促白口元素Chilling action 激冷作用Chilling tendency 白口倾向Chrysanthemum graphite 菊花状石墨Cinder inclusion 夹渣Cinder notch 出渣口Clay washer 洗砂机Clockwise rotation 顺时针方向Clowhole / contraction cavity

9、锁孔 Cold box process 冷芯盒制芯法Cold lap / cold shut 冷隔Collapsibility / lubricate 溃散性Consistency 稠度，浓度，一致性Continuous desulfurization 连续脱硫Contamination 污染Conveyor belt 输送带，传送带Cooling agent 冷却剂Cooling curve 冷却曲线Cooling effect 冷却作用Cooling rate 冷却速度 Core 砂芯Core boxCoremaking 制芯Coresetter 下芯机Cover 覆盖剂Cross gat

10、e 横浇道Crush 掉砂Cupola 冲天炉Cupola drop 打炉Cupola lining 炉衬 Cupola spout 出铁槽Cut-off machine 切割机Damper 减震器Damping capacity / effect 减震能力/效果Datum face / line 基准面/线Deadhead 冒口废料Deburring 打毛刺Defect index 废品率Deformation 变形Density 密度Degreaser 脱脂剂Degree of graphitization 石墨化程度Dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性Descale 除

11、锈，除氧化皮Decaling除锈，除氧化皮Design drawing 设计图Deslag 扒渣Destructive testing/inspection 破坏性试验/检验Desulfuration / desulphurization 脱硫Desulfurizer 脱硫剂Detection 检查，摊伤Die cavity 型腔，模腔Differential hardening / heating / quenching 局部硬化/加热/淬火Diffuse 扩散Dilatant 膨胀 Dilute 稀释，冲淡Dimensional error / tolerance 尺寸误差/公差Direc

12、tion l solidification 顺序凝固，定向凝固Dirt / dirt inclusion 夹渣Disintegration 溃散，崩解，分解Disk feeder 圆盘给料机Dislocation 位错Displacement 位移/置换Dissipation heat 散热Distorted patter 模变形Distortion 变形，扭曲Divorced pearlite 粒状珠光体Down runner / gate / downright 直浇口Ductile iron 球墨铸铁Duff 煤粉Durability 耐用性，耐久性 Dust catcher 集尘器el

13、astic deformation 弹性变形Elementary analysis 元素分析Elevator 提升机Elongation 延伸率，延长Endurance 耐用性，持久度Endurance limit 疲劳极限Energy loss 能量损失Environment contamination 环境污染Environmental control 污染控制Equilibrium 平衡Eutectic 共晶体，恭晶的Examination performance / result 考试成绩Fading 衰退Failure stress 破坏应力Feather 毛刺，羽毛Feeding

14、effect 补缩效果Feeding gate 内浇口Feed/feeder head(=riser)/feeding head 冒口Ferric 铁Ferric carbide 渗碳体，碳化铁Ferrite 铁素体Ferromanganese 锰铁Ferromolybdenum 钼铁Ferrosilicon 硅铁Fettle 铲除炉壁渣子File 锉刀Filter paper/screen 滤纸/网Fin 毛刺Final machining 精加工Fine silt 粉尘Finished allowance 加工余量Finished surface 加工面Fire brick 耐火砖Fire

15、 cracking 热裂Fire resistance 耐火性Fire waste 烧损Fixture 夹具Flake form 片状 Flake graphite 片状石墨Flaking off (=spalling) 剥落Flash point 闪点Flaw detection 探伤Floatation 漂浮Flowability/fluidity 流动性Flow-chart 流程图Fluid contraction 液态收缩Flushing 流渣Fold 冷隔Foreign substance 杂质Forging 锻造Forklift 叉车Free carbide 游离碳化物 Free

16、cementite 游离渗碳体Free ferrite 游离铁素体Freeting/fritting 烧结Frictional coefficient 摩擦系数Front slagging 炉前出渣Galvanizing 电镀Gas blow/hole 气孔Gas blowhole 气孔Gaseous diffusion 气体扩散 Gassy melt 含气金属液Gas tightness 气密性Gate area 浇口面积Gating = gating system 浇口，浇口系统Gating design 浇口设计Gating proportion/ratio 浇口比Gauge=gage

17、表，计，规Globular cementite / pearlite 粒状渗碳体/珠光体Grain-boundary segregation 晶界偏析Grain fineness distribution 粒度分布Graphite floatation 石墨漂浮Graphitization 石墨化Green compression strength 湿压强度 Gray/grey cast iron 灰铁Grinding 打磨，磨制Grinding wheel 砂轮Heat loss 热损失Heat stress 热应力Heat-treating / heat treatment 热处理Heat

18、ing effect 热效应Heavy casting 大型铸件/厚壁铸件Heavy-walled 厚壁的Holding furnace 保温炉Hot tear/pool 热裂Hydraulic jack 液压千斤顶Hydrogen 氢Hyxagonal screen 六角筛 Impact hardness/toughness 冲击硬度/韧性Impermeability 气密性，不渗透性Impression 压痕，型腔，凹腔Impurity 杂质Included slag 夹渣Indigeous graphite 析出石墨Induction 感应Inoculant 孕育剂Inoculation

19、 fade 孕育衰退Inside diameter 内经Instantaneous ladle inoculation / stream inoculation 瞬时浇包孕育Insulation 绝缘，隔离Internal porosity 内缩松Internal shrinkage 内部缩孔Internal stress 内应力Inverse chill 反白口Inverted chill 反白口Iron carbide 渗碳体，碳化铁 Iron-coke ratio 铁焦比Jack 千斤顶Jet test 喷射试验（侧电镀层厚度）Job rate 生产定额Knock-off head 易割

20、冒口Knockout 落砂，出芯Knop 钮，电钮Labile 不稳定的 Labor-intensive area 强劳动（力）区Ladle 浇包Lamellar pearlite/laminate pearlite 片状珠光体Late inoculation/post inoculation 二次孕育Laying out 设计Leaker 浇漏，漏铁水lift truck 叉车 Light casting 小铸件，薄壁铸件Liquidus 液相线Locating point/surface 基准点/面Loss on ignition 烧损Lower limit 下限Luster 光泽Mach

21、inability 切削性能Machine allowance 加工余量Machining 机械加工Macrograph 宏观Magnetic flaw detection 磁力探伤 Magnetic field 磁场Magnetic-particle inspection 磁粉探伤 Magnetic powder inspection 磁粉探伤Magnification 放大倍数，放大倍率Manganese 锰Margin tolerance 极限公差 Mass production 大量生产Matrix hardness 机体硬度Mean diameter / stress 平均直径/应力

22、 Mean value 中间值Mechanical allowance 加工余量 Mechanical property 机械性能Meltableness 可溶性Melting 溶解Melting capacity/ condition / efficiency 熔化率/状况/效率Melting point 熔点Metal graphic microscope 金相显微镜 Metallic charge to coke ratio 铁焦比Metallic pattern 金属模 Metallograph 金相图片Metallographic examination 金相检验Metallogra

23、phic laboratory 金相试验室Metallographic microscope 金相显微镜Metallographic specimen 金相磨片Metallurgy 冶金学Metal material 金属材料Microanalysis 微量分析，显微分析Microlug 球化率怀素测定试帮Micron 微米Mismatch 错模Misrun 缺肉，浇不到Modulus of elongation 延伸率 Molding line 造型线Natural gas 天然气 Nodularization 球化Nodularizer 球化剂Notch brittleness 缺口脆性O

24、ff-dimension 尺寸不合格 （常指铸件）Off-gage 尺寸不合格 （常指型芯）Offset 错位，偏置Operation life 使用期限，寿命 Outer inspection / visual inspection 外观检验Outlet 出口，排出口Oxidation 氧化Oxide ferric 氧化铁，三氧化二铁Partial hardening / local hardening 局部淬火Parting face 分型面，分模面Pattern plate 模板Patter spray 脱模液Pattern taper / patter draft 拔模斜度Pearli

25、te 珠光体Permeability test 透气性试验Phosphide 磷共晶，磷化物Physical property 物理性能Pig iron 生铁Pin hole 针孔Pitted skin 麻面（铸造缺陷）Plastic binder 树脂粘结剂Plastic deformation 塑性变形Plate feeder 圆盘给料机Plating 电镀Polishing 抛光 Porous casting 不致密铸件，多孔铸件Post inoculation 二次孕育Poured short 未浇满 （铸造缺陷）Preheat/preheating 预热Premature freez

26、ing 过早凝固Premium casting 保质量逐件，优质逐件Preset program 预定计划，预定程序表Pressure atmosphere 大气压Pressure feeder 加压冒口Production capacity 生产能力Protective gloves 劳保手套Prototype casting 试生产铸件Push-off 推出，顶出Quench aging 淬火时效Radiator 散热器，散热片，暖气片Radioactive element 放射性元素Rare earth 稀土Rare gas 惰性气体Rat 多肉Reamer 铰刀Reclamation

27、再生，回用Red brittleness=hot brittleness 热脆性Reducibility 还原能力Reduction in area 断面收缩Refractoriness 耐火性Refractory property 耐久性能Regulator 调节器Reinforcement 加固Rejected casting 不合格铸件Resin 树脂Returns 回炉料Reverse chill 反白口Revolving table feeder 圆盘给料机Rimhole 皮下气泡Riser 冒口Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度Rosette graphite 菊花状石墨

28、Roughing 粗加工Roughness 粗糙度Rounding 倒角Roust inhibitor 防锈剂Runner gate 横浇道Runner system 浇注系统Running and feeding system 浇冒口系统Rust prevention 防锈Rustless steelSafety and industrial gloves 劳动保护手套Safety factor 安全系数Safety goggle 护目镜Safety precaution 安全措施Sample inspection Sampling 取样Sand blister 砂眼Sand blow 气孔

29、Sand buckle 起皮、夹砂Sand burning 粘砂Sand-conditioning system 砂处理系统Sand control 型砂控制Sand core 砂芯Sand cut 冲砂Sand defects 型砂造成的（铸造）缺陷Sand drop 掉砂Sand explosion 砂眼Sand fineness 砂子平均粒度Sand flowability 型砂流动性Sand mill / sand mixer / sand mixing machine / sand muller 混砂机Sand mold 砂型Sand shakeout 落砂 Sand wash 冲砂

30、Scab 铸痂Scar 凹痕Semi-finished product 半成品Sensitivity 敏感性Separate cast test bar = cast integrate test bar 单铸试棒Shakeout 落砂/落砂机Shaking conveyer 震动输送机Shift 班次Short-run 浇不满Short run casting 浇不足铸件，缺肉铸件（未浇满）Shrink hole收缩、锁孔 Shrinkage porosity 缩松Shrinkage strain 收缩变形Shrinkhead 冒口Sintering 烧结Size tolerance 尺寸公

31、差Slagging -off 除渣/扒渣Solidification contraction/shrinkage 凝固收缩Solid-liquid interface 固液相交界面Solidus/solidus curve/solidus line 固相线Solution concentration 溶液浓度Sonic inspection 听声检验Specific weight 比重Spectroanalysis 光谱分析Spherical graphite 球状石墨Spheroidal iron = ductile iron 球墨铸铁Spheroidization 球化Spindle 主轴

32、Spotting point 基准点Steam tight test / air tight test 气密性试验Sticker / rat 多肉Straightening 校正Strength test 强度试验Stress 应力Stress relief 应力消除Subskin blowhole / subsurface blow hole / sub-surface blister 皮下气孔Superficial cementation 表面渗碳Super heating 过热Supersaturation 过饱和Surface finish 表面光洁度Surface folding 冷

33、隔Surface roughness 表面粗糙度Swell 胀砂Tap hole 出渣口Telltale 定位标记Tenacity / tensile strength 抗拉强度/韧性Tensile testing machine Tension-active element 反球化元素、干扰元素Test bar 试棒Test block 试块Test piece 试样Test specimen 试样/试棒/试块Thermal balance 热平衡Thermal conductivity 导热系数，导热性Thermal deformation/dilatometer/expansion/fa

34、tigue 热变形/膨胀仪/膨胀/疲劳Tightness 紧密度，致密度Tolerance 公差Tooling point 基准点Tuyere gate 风眼Ultimate 极限Upper limit 上限Vacuum treatment 真空处理Ventilating system/device/equipment 通风系统/装置/设备Venting quality透气性Vibratory feeder 震动给料机Vibratory shakeout machine = vibratory shakeout 震动落砂机Visual examination/inspection 外观检验Wa

35、sh 冲砂Washer 洗砂机Wearability / wear resistance 耐磨性Wrinkle 皱皮Yield strength 屈服强度Zero defect casting 无缺陷铸件Zinc 锌 最新铸造标准应用手册（机械工业出版社）（铸造专业词汇）Foundry terminology1.基本术语foundry founding casting铸造foundry technology铸造工艺casting铸件sand casting process型砂铸造special casting process特种铸造2.合金性能fluidity流动性mold-filling c

36、apacity充型能力gas absorption吸气undercooling ,supercooling过冷degree of undercooling过冷度nucleation成核homogeneous nucleation自发成核heterogeneous nucleation非自发成核solidification range凝固温度范围directional solidification定向凝固solidification contraction凝固收缩liquid contraction液态收缩solid contraction固态收缩solidification time凝固时间f

37、ree contraction自由收缩hindered contraction受阻收缩shrinkage铸件线收缩率contraction stress收缩应力thermal stress热应力transformation stress相变应力casting stress铸造应力residual stress残留应力3.铸造用材料metallic raw material金属原物料pig iron生铁ferro-alloy铁合金foundry returns回炉料master alloy中间合金foundry coke铸造焦炭metallurgical coke冶金焦炭fixed carbon

38、固定碳flux熔剂degassing flux除气熔剂covering flux覆盖熔剂refining flux精炼熔剂refractoriness耐火度firebrick耐火砖fireclay耐火黏土silica brick硅砖grain magnesite镁砂molding material造型材料sand砂washed-out sand水洗砂silica sand硅砂natural sand天然砂artificial sand人工砂naturally clay-bonded sand天然粘土砂olivine sand橄榄石砂chromite sand硌铁矿砂zircon sand锆砂c

39、arbon sand炭粒砂sharp sand精硅砂red sand红砂chamotte sand熟料砂binder粘结剂clay粘土inorganic binder无机粘结剂organic binder有机粘结剂kaolin高岭土bentonite膨润土sodium bentonite钠基膨润土calcium bentonite钙基膨润土activated bentonite活化膨润土drying oil干性油no bake binder自硬粘结剂（冷硬粘结剂）thermosetting resin binder热固树脂粘结剂oil based binder油类粘结剂water glass

40、binder，sodium silicate binder水玻璃粘结剂lignin liquor纸浆残液synthetic fat binder合脂粘结剂水玻璃模数 sodium silicate modulus附加物 additives发热剂 exothermic mixture分型剂（脱模剂） parting agent；stripping agent固化剂（硬化剂） hardener悬浮剂 suspending agent涂料 coating型砂制备（砂处理） sand preparation混砂 sand mixing；sand mulling型砂（造型混合料） molding san

41、d芯砂（造芯混合料） core sand合成砂 synthetic sand自硬砂 self-hardening sand水玻璃砂 sodium silicate-bonded sand覆模砂 precoated sand烂砂泥（麻泥） loam调匀砂 temper sand面砂 facing sand背砂（填充砂） backing sand单一砂 unit sand含泥量 clay content含水量（水分，湿度） moisture content旧砂 floor sand枯砂（焦砂） burnt sand废砂 waste sand热砂 hot sand松砂 aeration,sand-c

42、utting筛分（筛析）screen analysis旧砂处理 sand reconditioning旧砂再生 sand reclamation沉降分选 elutriation，decantation型砂试验 sand testing透气性 permeability流动性 flowability型砂强度 sand strength湿强度 green strength干强度 dry strength耐用性（复用性） durability砂型（芯）硬度 mold hardness热变形 hot deformation残留强度 retained strength热强度 hot strength韧性

43、toughness发气率（发气速度）gas evolution rate发气性（发气量） gas evolution吸湿性 moisture absorption落砂性 knock-out capability溃散性 collapsibility胶质价 colloid index破碎指数 shatter index热气流烘砂装置 hot pneumatic tube drier混砂机 sand muller，sand mixer松砂机 aerator ，sand cutter冷却提升机 cooling elevator，coolevator筛砂机 riddle磁力滚筒 magnetic sep

44、arator旧砂再生设备 sand reclamation气力输送装置 pneumatic tube conveyor铸铁 cast iron铸铁石墨形态 morphology of graphite in cast iron灰铸铁（灰口铸铁） gray cast iron白口铸铁 white cast iron麻口铸铁 mottled cast iron共晶度 degree of saturation碳当量 carbon equivalent片状石墨 flake graphite初生石墨 primary graphite孕育铸铁 inoculated cast iron球墨铸铁 sphero

45、idal graphite cast iron，nodular graphite iron，ductile iron球状石墨 spheroidal graphite，nodular graphite可锻铸铁（马铁） malleable cast iron黑心可锻铸铁 black heart malleable cast iron珠光体可锻铸铁 pearlitic malleable cast iron铁素体可锻铸铁 ferritic malleable cast iron白心可锻铸铁 white heart malleable cast iron团絮石墨 tempered graphite冷硬

46、铸铁（激冷铸铁） chilled iron耐磨铸铁 wear resisting cast iron耐热铸铁 heat resisting cast iron耐酸铸铁 acid resisting cast iron高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron蠕墨铸铁 vermicular cast iron，compacted graphite cast iron蠕虫状石墨 vermicular graphite合金铸铁 alloy cast iron铸钢 cast steel碳素铸钢 carbon cast steel低合金铸钢 low alloy cast steel高锰钢 h

47、igh manganese steel铁素体钢 ferritic steel青铜 bronze铅青铜 lead bronze铝青铜 aluminum bronze黄铜 brass铝铜合金 aluminum-copper alloy铝镁合金 aluminum-magnesium alloy铝硅合金 aluminum-silicon alloy镁合金magnesium alloy轴承合金（减摩合金）bearing metal，antifrictional metal巴氏合金 Babbitt metal钛合金 titanium alloy5.熔炼工艺及设备熔化（熔炼） melting重熔 remel

48、ting炉料 charge熔化率 melting rate炉料计算 charge calculation双联熔炼 duplexing元素烧损（元素烧损率） melting losses of various chemical elements熔炼损耗(烧损) total melting loss还原气氛 reducing atmosphere氧化气氛 oxidizing atmosphere惰性气体 inert gas碱度 index of basicity 碱性渣 basic slag酸性渣 acid slag精炼 refining遗传性 heredity5.2 铸铁熔炼风口比 tuyere

49、 ratio有效高度 effective height送风强度 blast intensity预热送风 hot blast底焦 coke bed层焦 coke split隔焦 buffer coke charge炉衬 furnace lining碱性炉衬 acid lining棚料 bridging熔池 bath吸碳 carbon pick-up焦铁比 iron coke ratio出渣 deslagging打炉 cupola drop5.3铸钢熔炼氧化熔炼法 oxidizing melting不氧化熔炼法 dead melting真空熔炼 vacuum refining熔渣 slag沉渣 s

50、ludge浮渣 dross,cinder氧化期 oxidizing stage还原期 blocking stage还原渣 reducing slag氧化渣 oxidizing slag白渣 white slag脱氧 deoxidation扒渣 slagging-off脱碳 decarburization脱硫 desulphurization脱磷 dephosphorization增碳 recarburizing脱氧剂 deoxidizer5.4非铁金属熔炼挥发损耗 volatilizing losses静置 stewing，holding吹氮 nitrogen flushing冲天炉 cupo

51、la水冷冲天炉 water-cooled cupola热风冲天炉 hot blast cupola湿法除尘器 wet cap炉缸 cupola well前炉 forehearth冲天炉加料机 cupola charging machine爬式加料机 ship hoist电磁配料称 electro-magnetic weighing balancer电磁盘 electromagnetic chuck电弧炉 direct arc furnace感应电炉 electric induction furnace电渣炉 electroslag furnace电磁搅拌 electromagnetic agi

52、tation浇包 ladle摇包 shaking ladle底浇包 bottom pouring ladle保温炉 holding furnace坩呙炉 crucible furnace5.6 熔炼金属处理孕育 inoculation多孔塞法 porous plug process变质 modification墨化剂 graphitizer过热 superheating石墨球化处理 nodularizing treatment of graphite碳当量仪 eutectometer三角试块 wdge test-piece真空除气 vacuum degassing5.7浇注浇注 pouring

53、保护气氛浇注 pouring under controlled atmosphere浇注速度 pouring rate浇注温度 pouring temperature浇注时间 pouring time浇注位置 pouring position型内孕育 inmold inoculation压铁 weight点冒口 teeming捣冒口 pumping补炉 patching炉龄 campaign6.工艺设计及工艺装备铸造工艺设计 mold design铸造工艺装备设计 foundry tools design铸造工艺图 foundry molding drawing铸件图 drawing of r

54、ough casting起模斜度 pattern draft收缩余量 shrinkage allowance工艺补正量 molding allowance加工余量 machining allowance吃砂量 mo9ld thickness补贴 pad分型负数 joint allowance铸件尺寸公差 dimensional allowance of casting铸件重量公差 weight allowance of casting铸件加工基准面 reference face for machining of casting铸件表面粗糙度 surface roughness of casting6.2浇冒口系统浇注系统（浇口） ga